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Brain Drain and Latin AmericaÇaglar ÖzdenDevelopment Economics Research GroupThe World Bankcozden@worldbank.org: 

Brain Drain and Latin America Çaglar Özden Development Economics Research Group The World Bank cozden@worldbank.org

What is the Extent of Brain Drain?: 

What is the Extent of Brain Drain? Increased mobility of educated workers Wide Regional Variation – as source and destination Massive exodus from Smaller, poorer and isolated countries Caribbean, Central America, sub-Saharan Africa

Slide5: 

Where Do They Come From ? Share of Educated Population Living Abroad 0 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% North America Western Europe Eastern Europe Middle East/North Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Asia South Asia South America Central America Caribbean

Slide6: 

Does Country Size Matter? Share of Population Living Abroad Total

Slide7: 

Does Country Size Matter? Share of Population Living Abroad Total College educated

Slide10: 

Is it Only an Issue for Developing Countries? US Canada Australia Rest of the World EU-15 Norway Switzerland 0.3m 2.7m 11.1m 2.7m College Graduates in 2000

Slide11: 

Latin American Migrants In the US Labor Market

Slide12: 

Educational Composition 1980s Arrival 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% Latin America Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Costa Rica Dominica Cuba Jamaica Haiti Guyana Trin & Tob. Barbados Belize Grenada Bahamas West Indies St. Vincent Antigua-Barbuda Dom. Rep. St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Colombia Peru Ecuador Brazil Venezuela Argentina Chile Bolivia Uruguay Paraguay China India Philippines Russia Bachelor's Graduate

Slide13: 

Educational Composition 1980s Arrival

Slide14: 

Educational Composition 1980s Arrival

Slide15: 

Educational Composition 1990s Arrival

Slide16: 

Percent of Native-Born College Graduates in the US 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Latin America Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Costa Rica Dom. Rep. Cuba Jamaica Haiti Guyana Trin & Tob. Barbados Belize Grenada Bahamas West Indies St. Vincent Antigua-Barbuda Dominica St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Colombia Peru Ecuador Brazil Venezuela Argentina Chile Bolivia Uruguay Paraguay 1990 2000

Slide17: 

Percent of Native-Born College Graduates in the US 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% Latin America Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Costa Rica Dom. Rep. Cuba Jamaica Haiti Guyana Trin & Tob. Barbados Belize Grenada Bahamas West Indies St. Vincent Antigua-Barbuda Dominica St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Colombia Peru Ecuador Brazil Venezuela Argentina Chile Bolivia Uruguay Paraguay 1990 2000

Slide18: 

Percent of Native-Born College Graduates in the US

Slide19: 

Percent Educated in the US 1980s Arrival

Slide20: 

Percent Educated in the US 1990s Arrival 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Latin America Mexico El Salvador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Costa Rica Dominica Cuba Jamaica Haiti Guyana/British Trinidad & Barbados Belize/British Grenada Bahamas West Indies, St. Vincent Antigua- Dominican St. Lucia St. Kitts-Nevis Colombia Peru Ecuador Brazil Venezuela Argentina Chile Bolivia Uruguay Paraguay China India Philippines Russia Bachelor's Degree Graduate Degree

Slide21: 

Brain Waste

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Thank you!