T1 4 Zou Xuecheng WSN

Cope with Key Issues in WSN Nodes: 

RFID Forum Shanghai China © 2006 HUST EST Dept Cope with Key Issues in WSN Nodes Xavier X. Zou, Prof., PhD, HoD Research Centre for VLSI and System Department of Electronic Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology estxczou@hust.edu.cn

Agenda: 

Agenda Preamble: from Vast applications of WSN Characteristics and Challenges of WSN Requirements for WSN Concluding Remarks

Agenda: 

Agenda Preamble: from Vast applications of WSN Characteristics and Challenges of WSN Requirements for WSN Concluding Remarks

Vast Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): 

Vast Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Physical security for military operations Indoor/Outdoor Environmental monitoring Seismic and structural monitoring Industrial automation Bio-medical applications Health and Wellness Monitoring Inventory Location Awareness Future consumer applications, including smart homes.

Beyond the Wireless Communication Technology: 

Beyond the Wireless Communication Technology Growth of remote sensors and radio identification devices Growth of new computing systems (e.g., the GRID) The full digital revolution requires more than Wireless: the complementary technologies are needed.

Wireless and New Computing Models: 

Vast Increase in Internet End Points Embedded Processors everywhere Sensors and Actuators – every body is a data stream Information Appliances Emergence of a Distributed (Networked) Planetary Computer Storage of Data Everywhere Scalable Computing Power (the GRID) Wireless and New Computing Models

The Human Body Will Becomean Internet Data Source: 

The Human Body Will Become an Internet Data Source Patent Pending Non-Invasive Platform - Smart Band-Aid® Can Also Link to Invasive Sensors Source: PhiloMetron

An Example: Home Healthcare upon Zigbee Network: 

An Example: Home Healthcare upon Zigbee Network Targets: Via Zigbee WSN Technology, install a Home Healthcare Monitor Service for Old aged, fitness people Related Technologies: Bio-medical sensors, WSN, Low power SOC, Encrypto/ Decrypto, Embeded Processor, Wireless Communication/ Mobile Communication, Artificial Intelligence, etc.

An Example: Home Healthcare upon Zigbee Network: 

An Example: Home Healthcare upon Zigbee Network Related protocol: IEEE802.15.4 ZIGBEE IEEE 1073 IEEE1451 TCP/IP GSM/GPRS/3G 802.3/Ethernet/ADSL

Scheme for the e-care: 

Scheme for the e-care

Scheme for the e-care: 

Scheme for the e-care Preliminary Scheme：

Scheme for the e-care: 

Scheme for the e-care Mid-Term Scheme：

Scheme for the e-care: 

Scheme for the e-care Ultimate Scheme：Ubiquitous Health Monitoring

Agenda: 

Agenda Preamble: from Vast applications of WSN Characteristics and Challenges of WSN Requirements for WSN Concluding Remarks

Characteristics and challenges : 

Characteristics and challenges Deeply distributed architecture: localized coordination to reach entire system goals, no infrastructure with no central control support Autonomous operation: self-organization, self-configuration, adaptation, exception-free TCP/IP is open, widely implemented, supports multiple physical network, relatively efficient and light weight, but requires manual intervention to configure and to use.

Characteristics and challenges : 

Characteristics and challenges Energy conservation: physical, MAC, link, route, application Scalability: scale with node density, number and kinds of networks Data centric network: address free route, named data, reinforcement-based adaptation, in-network data aggregation

Characteristics and challenges: 

Characteristics and challenges Challenges Limited battery power Limited storage and computation Lower bandwidth and high error rates Scalability to 1000s of nodes

Agenda: 

Agenda Preamble: from Vast applications of WSN Characteristics and Challenges of WSN Requirements for WSN Concluding Remarks

Requirements for Sensor Networks: 

Requirements for Sensor Networks Handle scarce resources CPU: 1 – 10 MHz memory: 2 – 4 KB RAM radio: ~100 Kbps energy: small batteries Unattended operation plug & play, robustness long lifetime

Requirements for Sensor Networks: 

Requirements for Sensor Networks Energy-efficient sensor node Security mechanism of sensor node High reliability of node Low cost

Energy-efficient sensor node: 

Energy-efficient sensor node High efficient RF transceiver

Design guidelines: 

Design guidelines switch radio off when possible (duty cycle) AND, minimize number of switches low complexity trade off performance for energy optimize for traffic patterns

Security Mechanism of WSN Nodes: 

Basic security services to protect privacy: Access control: Prevention of unauthorized parties from participating in the network. Message Integrity: Detection of unauthorized modifications in the message. Confidentiality: Encrypting the message so as to limit the audience to only those who have the knowledge of the secret key (i.e. only authorized people). Replay protection: Protection from adversary reusing an authentic packet for gaining confidence/network access. Security Mechanism of WSN Nodes

Reliability: 

High Reliability H/W Reliability S/W Reliability Redundancy Alarm if Nodes work unproperly Reliability

Low Cost: 

Low Cost Low cost Low cost in devices and apparatus Low cost in installation Low cost in maintenance

Agenda: 

Agenda Preamble: from Vast applications of WSN Characteristics and Challenges of WSN Requirements for WSN Concluding Remarks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): 

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Layered Architecture Base Station Clustered Architecture

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN): 

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) Distributed collection of networked sensors Layered Architecture

Networked vs. individual sensors: 

Networked vs. individual sensors Extended range of sensing: Cover a wider area of operation Redundancy: Multiple nodes close to each other increase fault tolerance Improved accuracy: Sensor nodes collaborate and combine their data to increase the accuracy of sensed data Extended functionality: Sensor nodes can not only perform sensing functionality, but also provide forwarding service.

Slide30: 

THANKS!