file 2

No description available.

Slide1: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Promotion of a Biological Rodenticide to the Private Sector Commercialisation of the rodent-pathogenic parasite Sarcocystis singaporensis

Slide2: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Overview How an idea was born The research phase Cooperation with Bayer Corp. The real world: field tests Local partners in the private sector The future

Slide3: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 How an idea was born Discovery of Sarcocystis singaporensis Two-host life cycle of sarcosporidian parasites discovered 1972 Zaman and Colley isolate S. singaporensis from a reticulated python (Python reticulatus) at a butcher‘s shop in Singapore in 1975 Zaman recognizes potential as a biological control agent of rats during studies on host specificity

Slide4: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 How an idea was born Natural distribution of Sarcocystis singaporensis

Slide5: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 How an idea was born The life cycle

Slide6: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The research phase Since 1993: Biological-Control-of-Rodents-Project of Dep. Agriculture, Thailand, and GTZ Studies on parasite biology at Dep. Parasitology, Hohenheim University Since 1980 Cooperation of GTZ with Dep. Parasitology of Hohenheim University and Dep. Of Agriculture, Thailand Research on host specificity, cell culture, pathogenicity and formulation

Slide7: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The research phase Host specificity About 30 snake species tested as potential definitive hosts (North and South America, Europe, Africa, Madagascar, Asia, SE Asia and Australia) More than 30 mammals (incl. humans), and additionally amphibians, reptiles, and birds tested as potential intermediate hosts

Slide8: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The research phase Cell culture Growth of sexual stages in vitro failes Growth of asexual stages in rat endothelial cells possible

Slide9: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Cooperation with Bayer Corp. A first step towards commercialisation Bayer sees opportunity to expand its rodent control portfolio Biol. Rodent Control Project in need of a suitable ground bait and formulation technique Agreements on commercial use of a potential product, and on intellectual property rights and patents

Slide10: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Cooperation with Bayer Corp. Potential for worldwide application of biological rodent control Cosmopolitan Rattus norvegicus Rattus rattus SE Asia Rattus argentiventer Bandicota spp.

Slide11: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Cooperation with Bayer Corp. A suitable ground bait Bait material (1 g) highly attractive for rats is inoculated with a parasite suspension

Slide12: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Cooperation with Bayer Corp. A suitable parasite formulation Oil in bait decreases parasite viability Development of a parasite/gel formulation

Slide13: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The real world: field tests Field tests prove that S. singaporensis is a potent rodent control agent 1991: First successful field application performed in Egypt (Jakel et al. 1996, J Parasitol 82:280) 1996 – 1999: Field tests with various rodent species of Thailand (Jakel et al. 1999, Int J Parasitol 29:1321)

Slide14: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The real world: field tests 2000: Large-scale field test in Lopburi (1) 60 ha ricefield-plots (R. argentiventer, B. indica) Application from February to May during growing season Damage assessment after treatment showed 0.4% damage in parasite-treated plot, 1.2% in conventionally treated plot, and 5.5% in untreated plot Farmers impressed by the ability of the parasite to kill rodents, but criticised delayed action of the rodenticide No harmful effects to raptors, dogs, cats, chicken during and after the field test

Slide15: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The real world: field tests Large-scale field test in Lopburi (2) Benefit/cost ratio of treatment: at 5% damage level = 3:1 based on a price for the biol. rodenticide at 2-3 US$ / ha

Slide16: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Local partners in the private sector Large-scale parasite production on pilot farm Cooperation with Golden Crocodile Agriculture Co. Ltd. Parasite production capacity of 80 – 100 snakes: Suitable for 20,000 ha rodent control area

Slide17: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Local partners in the private sector Since 2001: Cooperation with Uniseeds Co. Ltd. Parasite mass production and introduction of biological rodent control on the market in Thailand January 2002: Registration of S. singaporensis in Thailand Expansion of biol. Rodent control to other countries in SE Asia

Slide18: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 Cooperation with the private sector Lessons learnt Small to medium-sized companies that focus on local and regional markets are promising partners for promotion of biopesticides. However, they often lack in-house research facilities. International industry partners like Bayer possess a wealth of expertise in formulation technique. Regional or local markets are not profitable for big transnational companies. Focussing on biopesticides as sole products might not be profitable. Those companies which have a core business in a different sector (e.g. agrifood), but use biopesticides for product improvement, show advantages.

Slide19: Regional Symposium on Biopesticides Bangkok, 16 – 18 October 2002 The future New GTZ Project: January 2003 Commercialization of biopesticides in SE Asia to extend biological rodent control and other biopesticides to various countries in SE Asia to cooperate with other regional institutions and organizations to establish a business and information network on biopesticides in SE Asia to provide expertise for the private sector interested in biopesticides