eLearning : eLearning No one universal definition - now.
Basically learning through web-enabled technology.
Usually delivered with/over
CD-ROM
Internet
Intranet
LAN (Local Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Today : Today An overview of eLearning (!)
Some tricks and tips of the trade.
What resources do you need?
How do you know when you have a good product?
True or False? : True or False?
A learning product that does not teach has no value.
M.David Merrill
False : False
A learning product that does not teach has no value.
M.David Merrill
Slide5 : Used in ISD (Instructional Systems Design) and other design systems.
Effective and efficient
Versatile and flexible
Stands the test of time
* Criticized as too linear
A.D.D.I.E.
ADDIE : ADDIE
ADDIE minus the A=D’DIE : ADDIE minus the A=D’DIE
A=Analysis (Upfront Work) : A=Analysis (Upfront Work) Project manager with Instructional Design Manager and Production Manager:
Analyze:
Audience
Content (task analysis or content hierarchy – collaborate with SME)
Resources ($$, human andamp; tech)
Instructional needs
Processes (procedures)
Deliver:
Budget (give high andamp; low estimates based on media options andamp; resources)
Project proposal (and sometimes the look andamp; feel samples)
Do:
Present and get commitments (sign-off) from all concerned parties
Distribute criteria and samples of META-TAGS to all participating parties
Cautions : Cautions
No sign off :
responsibility with no authority.
Costly changes (time, money, resources)
Look-feel (color andamp; image) choices!
Skipping tasks for sake of speed.
D = Design : D = Design Instructional Design
Re-design
Graphic Design
Instructional DESIGN : Instructional DESIGN Determine goals and objectives: include both terminal and enabling objectives.
Decide on:
Approach: easy tasks first, non-sequential, or problem solving.
Types of communications: Synchronous, asynchronous,
amount of online time: total, blended (hybrid), computer supported learning
Type of use: on the job training, on demand, home study, group study, etc..
Reusability (objects and modules) - to SCORM or not to SCORM
List the entry behaviors that the learner must demonstrate prior to training.
Design:
Objects andgt; pages andgt; modules andgt; courses andgt; series. (What goes where and how it goes together.)
Interactivity (Where, what for, how much.)
Assessments (Questions, answers, instant feedback andamp; tracking)
Flow-chart for developers to use in design and development of User Interface andamp; Architecture
SCORM : SCORM Sharable Courseware Object Reference Model includes three parts:
Overview - about the model, vision and future
Content Aggregation Model - how to put learning content together so it can be moved and reused.
Run Time Environment: How content is launched and the learner's progress is tracked and reported back.
Who uses SCORM?
(Information on SCORM in table at end of slide show.)
Flow-chart – top level : Flow-chart – top level Accounting Marketing Finance Industry
Flow-chart: lower level : Flow-chart: lower level Standard Pages for Strategies:
-Introduction
-Defining the Problem
-Sources andamp; Research Strategies
Resources
Standard Pages for Solutions:
A. Problems
-Problem Statement
-Background
-Strategy
-Results
-Tips
B Case Study
-Overview
-Reference -Interview
-Research Strategy
-Research Results andamp; -Analysis
-Resources Standard Pages for Data Sources:
-About the Reviews
-Overview: Ratings, -Tables,
-Development,
-Data Sources
Flow-chart: bottom level : Flow-chart: bottom level
Standard Pages for each of the tutorial:
-Introduction
- Goals
andamp; Objectives
- Table Contents
-Assignment
-Strategies
- Report
- Tips
Cautions : Cautions Marketing jumps the gun andamp; makes promises.
Unclear definitions to developers
Meta- tags not universal
Misinterpretations of the paths.
SMEs!!! (Subject Matter Experts)
Re-design : Re-design Converting existing classroom or textbook courses to eLearning is a common task now.
Deconstruct existing course (this is essential)
Determine the knowledge structure: Is there more than one organizational choice?
Determine the dominate function: Is it? Communication, concepts, procedures, affective…?
Do not recreate a classroom or textbook on line.
Use the strengths of the computer: nonlinearity, self-pacing, media, interactivity, tracking, etc.
Redesign then reconstruct course
Test : Test Testing design docs (not programming)
By SMEs (Subject Matter Experts)
Check accuracy of information including graphics
Check activities, and assessments especially answers and explanations.
Validate the instruction
Review the process
For effectiveness and efficiency
Revise courseware and process
Cautions : Cautions SMEs!!!
Electronic textbook approach.
Need for speed.
Lack of knowledge of instruction and learning.
Graphic Design : Graphic Design Look andamp; Feel – detailed out
UI andamp; Navigation (sometimes)
Headers andamp; Logos
Graphics andamp; Images
Animations andamp; slide shows
Interactive practices, questions, quizzes, tests, etc.
Assessments (interactive)
Icons
Etc.
Cautions : Cautions Pick the right graphic designer(s)
Over-the-wall process
Unclear directions from ID
Improper meta-tagging
Platform conformity
D = Develop (produce) : D = Develop (produce) Develop a Rapid Prototype.*
remove bugs andamp; provide marketing with sample
Develop the courseware.
Select the media and media events
text, animations, slide shows, etc.
Produce the necessary materials
not already produced in graphic dept.
Synthesize the materials into a viable learning program.
*A quickly assembled module that can be tested early in the production process.
Graphic Design : Graphic Design Belongs here as well as in Design phase. Usually look-feel is complete by this phase.
UI andamp; Navigation (sometimes)
Animations andamp; slide shows
Interactive practices, questions, quizzes, tests, etc.
Assessments (interactive)
Icons
Etc.
Help Authoring Tools (HAT) : Help Authoring Tools (HAT) Some tools the same as design phase. Sometimes more hard programming here.
Knopf Online
http://www.knopf.com/resources/index.html
is a leading provider of consulting, training, and development services for the high-tech industry.
Macromedia Development Tools : Macromedia Development Tools Macromedia: http://www.macromedia.com/software/
Contribute 3 lets everyone in an organization publish to websites and bring them alive with up-to-date content and information. There is no easier or more affordable way to keep web content current and relevant. Cheap.
Captivate (formerly RoboDemo) automatically records all onscreen actions and instantly creates an interactive Flash simulation. Point and click to add text captions, narration, and e-learning interactions without any programming knowledge. Not too expensive.
Dreamweaver: Build professional web sites and applications. Not difficult to learn on a basic level so is good tool for beginning developers. Knowing some HTML allows for more custimazation and control. Not expensive.
Flash is almost essential to provide animation and interactivity. Not too expensive.
Authorware is the leading visual authoring tool for creating rich-media e-learning applications for delivery on corporate networks, CD/DVD, and the Web. Develop accessible applications that comply with learning management system (LMS) standards. VERY expensive.
Other Development Tools : Other Development Tools Programming knowledge of HTML, XML, JavaScript, Java, etc. for custom designs.
A site that recommends tools: .
http://www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/eclipse/vendors/authoring.htm
This page provides links to software tools (None from Macromedia) that are useful for the production of formal e-learning solutions, listed in alphabetical order: http://www.e-learningcentre.co.uk/eclipse/vendors/authoring.htm
An excellent article: Content builders- tools for e-learning authors
http://www.fastrak-consulting.co.uk/tactix/features/content.htm
Knopf Online: excellent resource page for tools:
http://www.knopf.com/resources/index.html
Test : Test Validate the instruction to ensure it accomplishes all goals and objectives.
Have real people try the prototype.
Have real people try the course.
Review courseware and process
Ensure that the training materials are clear, accurate, and effective.
Ensure process is effective and efficient.
Revise courseware and process.
Cautions : Cautions Marketing jumps the gun.
Skip testing altogether.
Skip testing by real people.
Development goes on during testing!
I = Implement: Beta Version : I = Implement: Beta Version Make a plan for conducting course, testing program andamp; tracking users.
Implement (deploy/launch) course.
Conduct course.
Test course while in use.
Track users behaviors and learning.
Use information to revise course, programming and processes.
Cautions : Cautions No plan or poor plan.
Manipulation of or ignoring data.
Development starts for v.1 and goes on during data collection.
E = Evaluation : E = Evaluation Content
Does the program include the appropriate amount of information?
Is the information up-to-date and correct?
Instructional Design
Is the course designed to maximize learning? Are the objectives met?
Interactivity
Is the user engaged actively and meaningfully?
Navigation
Can users determine their own path?
Is there an exit option? Is a course map accessible?
Is there an appropriate use of icons and clear labels to maximize user friendliness? Use of Media
Does the program appropriately and effectively employ graphics, animation, music, sound, video, etc.?
Is the gratuitous use of these media avoided?
Is the soundtrack really annoying?
Evaluation (cont.) : Evaluation (cont.) Evaluation (Assessment)
Is there some type of evaluation, such as: completion of a module?
Aesthetics
Is the program attractive and appealing to the eye and ear?
Does the structure of the screen add to the program?
Record Keeping
Are student performance data recorded, such as time to complete, question analyses, and final scores? Is the data forwarded to the course manager automatically?
Tone
Is the program designed for the audience? Does it avoid being condescending, trite, pedantic, etc.?
ROI (Return On Investment)
Adapted from Brandon Hall
Cautions : Cautions Report gets 'filed'.
ROI is good.
ROI is poor.
Next: A.D.D.I.E. Add-ons : Next: A.D.D.I.E. Add-ons Human Resources
Schedule
Course Management Technology
Sampling courses
Links
Human Resources : Human Resources Needs vary: type of organization, money, talent (multi-talented people), technology available.
Managers:
Project
Instructional design
development (production)
Writers/editors
Graphic designers
Programmers, web-masters, etc.
Work-flow Schedule : Work-flow Schedule
Course Management Technology : Course Management Technology LMS: Learning Management System
CMS: Content Management System
LCMS: Learning / Content Management Systems
What do you think? : What do you think? Good or Poor? From Instructional Technology: Global Resources Network: WBT Module: Motivation: http://www.ittheory.com/wbt/menu.htm
Good or Poor? Rotary International Club and District Administration Software (RI-CAS and RI-DAS) Tutorials http://www.rotary.org/support/casdas/index.html
Rip off or Service? Site for Free and low cost online training: Free Skills http://www.freeskills.com/ http://tutorials.freeskills.com/read/id/488/headline/Creating+Buttons+with+Flash+MX
Good or Poor? Implementing and Managing Microsoft Exchange 2000. Module 1: Introduction to Microsoft Exchange 2000
http://www.microsoft.com/learning/syllabi/en-us/1572Cfinal.mspx#ECAA (Scroll down to: download module 1, click on download, unzip file and open.) (or open PDF).
Instructional Design & info Sites : Instructional Design andamp; info Sites Instructional Systems Design, from Colorado University, Denver (more than you ever wanted to know): http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/idmodels.html
Big Dog’s ISD Page: lots of info and links to information about Instructional Systems Design: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/sat.html
The HPC SPIDER provides a wide range of information on eLearning : .https://www.spider.hpc.navy.mil/
The Learned Man (eLearning andamp; Training BLOG): http://elearning.typepad.com/thelearnedman/2004/03/top_10_blunders.html
Gagne’s 9 Learning Events (how to design the lessons): http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/learning/development.htmll
SCORM, An overview: http://www.rhassociates.com/scorm.htm
From Carnegie Mellon: links to info on SCORM: http://www.lsal.cmu.edu/lsal/expertise/projects/developersguide/
What is, and is not, eLearning? http://www.managersforum.com/eLearning/Index.htm
Organizations & Journals : Organizations andamp; Journals eLearning Guild: http://www.elearningguild.com/
Brandon Hall: expensive, but has free resources at http://www.brandonhall.com/public/freeresources/index.htm
eLearning Trends, Elliott Maisie: http://www.masie.com/
ISPI: International Society for Performance Improvement: http://www.ispi.org/
eLearners.com: http://www.elearners.com/resources/index.asp
Tech . Learning site for Education Technology Leaders: http://www.techlearning.com/
Sloan Consortium: http://www.sloan-c.org/index.asp
Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education: http://www.aace.org/
Educause: http://www.educause.edu/apps/eq/index.asp
Training Magazine: http://www.trainingmag.com/training/index.jsp
Online Learning Magazine: http://www.onlinelearningmag.com/onlinelearning/index.jsp
T.H.E Journal: http://www.thejournal.com/
Electronic Journal of eLearning: http://www.ejel.org/index.htm
Grants for ed tech: http://www.castletechnology.com/resources/funding.html