National Planning Processes and Policy Frameworks- What Role for Civil Society and What Role for UNDP - : National Planning Processes and Policy Frameworks - What Role for Civil Society and What Role for UNDP -
Designed by Geoffrey D. Prewitt
Poverty Reduction and Civil Society Advisor
Central and Eastern African Sub-Regional Facility
Kenya JPO Meeting– 27 May
Global Context : Global Context 1.2 billion survive on less than $1 a day
841 million hunger and food insecure
1.1 billion have no access to safe water
113 million children not enrolled in school
515,000 women die of pregnancy related causes
11 million children die under age 5
36.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS (95% in developing countries)
Slide3 : Situation Assessment
and Analysis National Development andamp; Poverty Plan Resource Allocation andamp; Aid Coordination Implementation Monitoring Implementation andamp;
Impact Country Programmes and Projects UNDAF
CAS
Other
donor assistance
plans CCA Annual PRSP Reports
MDG
Reports National development planning andamp; relationships with donor instruments
Presentation Content : Presentation Content The CCA/UNDAF, the PRSP, and the MDGs
What is the Relationship?
The Role of UNDP and CSOs
CCA/UNDAF : CCA/UNDAF TOOLS OF UN REFORM AND PLANNING
Slide6 : '...The CCA and UNDAF should be related to assisting Government in implementing the Millennium Declaration. All should be assessed against the impact they have on reaching those targets…' Source: Operational Activities of the United Nations for International Development Cooperation; Progress in the Implementation of the UNDAF, Section 145, General Assembly, 56th session ECOSOC resolution A/56/70 - E/2001/58; 14 May 2001
Slide7 : Assessment Analysis Action CCA UNDAF
Lessons from the preparation of other CCA/UNDAFs : Lessons from the preparation of other CCA/UNDAFs Need to link and/or harmonize the CCA/UNDAF with other policy and programming frameworks such as PRSPs
Establishment of multi-dimensional appreciation of human poverty as entry point
Importance of MDGs
Transboundry matters and acknowledgement of exogenous factors (including ODA flows)
Role of other actors (particularly requirement of engaging civil society in the design, implementation, and monitoring process)
Need for resource-mobilization
Lessons from the preparation of other CCAs/UNDAFs (continued) : Lessons from the preparation of other CCAs/UNDAFs (continued) Avoid false expectations, the UN agencies' programmes should be realistic and coincide with national development priorities and correct needs assessment
Link between priorities and measurable outputs (and establishment of subsequent indicators) - annexes found in the Zimbabwean and Kenyan UNDAF's provide a useful prototype
Interesting Country Examples : Interesting Country Examples Burkina Faso has developed a strategic communication and public information program
The Congo-Brazzaville Country Team devised an innovative approach applying the basic principles of CCA, CAP and UNDAF in one single document, called the 'UN Plan'
the Heads of UN Agencies in Somalia outlined the practical principles, their programmatic implications, and the actions to be taken by the UN operational agencies
highly participatory UNDAF process was reported by Mauritius
THE PRSP : THE PRSP
Generic Perceptions on the PRSP - Lessons Thus Far - : Generic Perceptions on the PRSP - Lessons Thus Far - Attributes of a Strong PRSP
Opportunities
Shortcomings
Core Principles of the PRSP : Core Principles of the PRSP country-driven, involving broad-based participation by civil society and the private sector in all operational steps;
results-oriented, and focused on outcomes that would benefit the poor;
comprehensive in recognizing the multidimensional nature of poverty, but also
prioritized so that implementation is feasible, in both fiscal and institutional terms;
partnership-oriented, involving coordinated participation of development partners (bilateral, multilateral, and non-governmental);
based on a long-term perspective for poverty reduction
Attributes of a Strong PRSP(compiled from country experience) : Attributes of a Strong PRSP (compiled from country experience) Nationally owned and developed through a broad and deep participatory and consultative process from the beginning of the exercise;
Long term perspective or focus;
Analytically sound premised on national poverty reduction objectives;
Full information disclosure;
Resources explicitly earmarked for poor and marginalized groups;
Integrated macro‑economic, structural, sectoral and social considerations
Attributes of a Strong PRSP(compiled from country experience) - CONTINUED : Attributes of a Strong PRSP (compiled from country experience) - CONTINUED Gender and environmentally sensitive;
Assigned roles of stakeholders;
Built upon instructive experiences and work to date;
Integrated into national planning and budgetary system;
Causal relationship between public actions and poverty reduction
Sound monitoring and evaluation criteria; and
Cost effective.
Opportunities and Shortcoming : Opportunities and Shortcoming Opportunities
Focus on Poverty Reduction
National Ownership/ Multi-Stakeholder Consultation
Comprehensive
Political Process Shortcomings
Macro-economic Bias
Bank/Fund Board approval andamp; Process vs. Product or Speed vs. Quality
Inconsistency between priorities and measurable benchmarks
Exposure of national sensitivities
Principles of Participation in the PRSP : Principles of Participation in the PRSP
Outcome Orientation
Inclusion
Feasibility
Ownership
Transparency
Sustainability
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Slide18 : Stages of the PRSP Process (Contents of this slide adapted from World Bank PRSP Source Book) How Participatory processes can help
Stage 1: Analytical and Diagnostic Work
Research to deepen the understanding of poverty
and reflect the diversity of experiences according
to gender, age, ethnic or regional groups, and
so forth.
Stage 2: Formulation of the strategy
Analysis of the poverty reduction impact of a range of
public expenditure options.
Identification of public actions which will have the
most impact on poverty.
Stage 3: Approval
Approval at the country level, then formal approval by
the World Bank and IMF Boards. At this point, debt
relief and / or concessional loans become available
Stage 4: Implementation
Agreement on roles and responsibilities with government
And service providers at the local level.
Monitoring implementation.
Feedback to revise the strategy and enhance its
future effectiveness.
Stage 5: Impact Assessment
Retrospective evaluation of the Poverty Reduction
Strategy to derive lessons for subsequent versions. Participatory Poverty Assessments can supplement conventional data
gathering and capture the multi-dimensional nature of poverty and
different groups’ needs. Participatory Analysis of the poverty reduction impact of public
expenditure can generate deeper understanding than analysis by
officials and experts only. Negotiation between different national stakeholders over priorities can
lead to broader ownership and more widely accepted consensus. Also important is public approval, reach through extensive consultation
between civil society representatives and their constituencies. Though
non-binding, this is vital for broadening ownership and making the PRSP
truly participatory. Negotiation of roles and responsibilities with civil society can help
generate agreed standards for performance, transparency and
accountability. Participatory research can enhance people’s awareness
of their rights and strengthen the poor’s claims.
Participatory monitoring of effectiveness of policy measures,
public service performance and budgeting can contribute to
efficiency and empowerment of the poor.
Participatory evaluation can bring to bear the perceptions of
actors at different levels and their experience of the strategy.
Feed
Back
To
Next
phase
THE MDGs : THE MDGs
Millennium Development Goals and Select Targets : Millennium Development Goals and Select Targets 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Halve the proportion of people with less than a dollar a day.
Halve the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.
2. Achieve universal primary education
Ensure that boys and girls alike complete primary schooling
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
Eliminate gender disparity at all levels of education.
4. Reduce child mortality
Reduce by two thirds the under-five mortality rate.
Slide21 : Millennium Development Goals (cont’d) 5. Improve maternal health
Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio.
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS.
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development
Why are the MDGs Important : Why are the MDGs Important Faltering progress of socio-economic development and growth
Global agreement/campaign
Global and national reporting
Time-bound and outcome/results oriented
Improved, long-term monitoring
Focus on people/cross-cutting
Achievable but will require concerted action from all stakeholder through partnerships, including increased resourcing
MDG Reporting : MDG Reporting Global reporting annually: led by UN-DESA to General Assembly with comprehensive report every 5 years
Country-level reporting: led by UNCT through production of periodic MDG reports (MDGRs)
Advocacy tool for stimulating debate and mobilising resources
Intended to be reader-friendly
MDGRs help provide a focus to national development debate and mobilise UNCT around concrete and common development agenda
The Relationship Between Instruments and Planning Processes : The Relationship Between Instruments and Planning Processes
MDGs and NHDRs/CCAs/UNDAFs/PRSPs : MDGs and NHDRs/CCAs/UNDAFs/PRSPs NHDRs provide the appropriate data/baseline information to measure progress/regression
MDGs provide a core and common development focus for CCAs/UNDAFs
Indicators used for tracking MDGs are a sub-set of those in 2002 revised CCA Indicator Framework
MDGs can be used as entry point for UN engagement in PRSPs and enhance social sector focus
Use of MDGs in CCAs/UNDAFs and PRSPs helps give momentum to ensuring provision of basic social services targeted towards poorest
Relationship with the NHDR : Relationship with the NHDR NHDR promotes people-centered development much like the focus of the MDGs
NHDRs are analytical and/or policy documents and progress toward reaching the MDGs should be included in annually produced NHDRs
NHDRs are depositories of up-to-date and disaggregated country level data and can be used to monitor progress of MDGs
Note : beware of data discrepancies
Relationship with the CCA and UNDAF : Relationship with the CCA and UNDAF The UN Country Team may propose using the CCA process as a basis for monitoring success toward the MDGs and preparation of the MDGR, with the agreement and/or full participation of the government.
The MDGR and the CCA focus on similar national and global goals, targets and indicators; and both aim to support the development of sustainable statistical systems and the skills to analyse and use data for policy-making and programming.
The UNDAF is a planning tool, such as the PRSP, to assist the UNCT to achieving the MDGs.
Relationship with the PRSP : Relationship with the PRSP For the PRSPs, the MDGs can be used as an entry point for UN engagement to enhance social sector focus. Essentially, the data from the MDG reports and an analysis of their policy implications can help balance PRSPs which are currently heavily macro-economic in focus.
It is also possible that in-between the preparation of periodic MDGRs, the Annual Progress Report on the PRSP–which will be increasingly available in HIPC and IDA countries–can be used as a tool for interim monitoring of progress towards the MDGs. This implies that the PRSP takes the MDGs into consideration and that the preparation of such Annual Reports will actively involve the UN country team and other partners.
The Role of UNDP and CSOs : The Role of UNDP and CSOs
Setting the Context for Civil Society Involvement in the PRSP and other National Planning Instruments : Setting the Context for Civil Society Involvement in the PRSP and other National Planning Instruments All actors need to be clear about the expected level of civil society involvement;
CSO participation should be made a priority and commitment built to it within the UN and civil society;
Training, support and appropriate tools should be provided to UN Country Teams on participatory processes;
Timeframes for the PRSP should be revised, and sufficient resources allocated to support a participatory process;
Maximum use should be made of civil society inputs to consultation processes by permitting their influence on a number of policy processes;
Setting the Context for Civil Society Involvement in the PRSP(continued) : Setting the Context for Civil Society Involvement in the PRSP(continued) All actors need to be clear about the expected level of civil society involvement;
Commitment and capacity for engagement in the PRSP should be built among national CSOs;
Civil society expertise should be fully utilised, to improve both the process and product of the PRSP
Accountability structures specific to CSO participation in the PRSP should be developed within the UN system (including the BWIs); and
Participatory processes ensured to be inclusive and representative.
Potential Areas of UNDP Support to Civil Society and other Partners(adapted from draft UNDP Policy Note on the PRSP) : Potential Areas of UNDP Support to Civil Society and other Partners (adapted from draft UNDP Policy Note on the PRSP)
The Process
Promoting Regional/Country Ownership through Institutional and Policy Coherence and UN Country Support
Fostering Participation of Multiple Stakeholders
Monitoring and Indicators
Resource Mobilization
Potential Areas of UNDP Support : Potential Areas of UNDP Support The Content
Policy Options (pro-poor, pro-gender, pro-environment) and Poverty Assessments
Public expenditure review and budgets
Influencing Macro-economic frameworks, particularly in the area of trade and debt
Slide34 : Situation Assessment
and Analysis National Development andamp; Poverty Plan Resource Allocation andamp; Aid Coordination Implementation Monitoring Implementation andamp;
Impact Country Programmes and Projects UNDAF
CAS
Other
donor assistance
plans CCA Annual PRSP Reports
MDG
Reports National development planning andamp; relationships with donor instruments
Slide35 : 'No shift in the way we think or act can be more critical than this: we must put people at the centre of everything we do.'
Kofi Annan, Millenium Report