yoe

NOAA Climate Observations from Space: 

NOAA Climate Observations from Space Jim Yoe NESDIS/ORA Satellite Meteorology & Climatology Division NOAA Climate Board Retreat – Airlie House May 25-26, 2005

Overview: 

Overview Background Current Activities NOAA’s Scientific Data Stewardship (SDS) Program and Comprehensive Large Array data Stewardship System (CLASS) Future Direction – Creating CDRs Conclusions

Background: 

Background Satellite Climate Observations Important for covering the entire globe. Advantage: Can be “Single instrument” Disadvantages: Not a single instrument for a long period of time issues of satellite calibration (esp. current generation) and orbit degradation( prior to NOAA-15) different sensors, multiple orbits different lengths of overlap Disadvantages are alleviated with very careful scientific analysis of the data (i.e. Scientific Data Stewardship) and the use of in situ data. NOAA leadership needed to produce Climate Data Records (CDRs) from NPP and NPOESS Considerable experience/expertise Contractor responsibility ends with EDRs

Current Activities Supporting Climate from Satellites : 

Current Activities Supporting Climate from Satellites Instrument calibration, vicarious calibration and inter-satellite calibration (e.g. SNO) Climate Products Generated (see backups) Ozone Clouds, aerosols, earth radiation budget Temperature from AMSU, MSU, AIRS, etc. SST, Sea level, Sea ice CO2 (from AIRS) Precipitation, water vapor Vegetation health/drought Snow cover Biomass burning Product Validation Benchmark Climate Observation Definition e.g. high spectral resolution IR radiances, GPS/RO

Toward an Integrated System for Intersatellite Calibration of POES and GOES using the SNO Method: 

Toward an Integrated System for Intersatellite Calibration of POES and GOES using the SNO Method GOES vs. POES POES SNO: Simultaneous Nadir Overpass

Ozone: 

Ozone Ozone is adjusted to NOAA-9 Validated against Dobson Stations Reprocessed when new algorithms are developed Compared with models

Slide7: 

VIZ B to Vaisala (RS80) at Chuuck Island Satellites can serve as transfers standards to monitor radiosondes

Where are We Going?Creating Quality Climate Data Records Requires:: 

Where are We Going? Creating Quality Climate Data Records Requires: Lowest level of data (level 1) be preserved with complete documentation and metadata, includes data that records the satellite and instrument performance Observing system performance monitoring to minimize spatial and temporal biases Tools to detect and account for changes in the observing system Science team guidance and participation Near Real-Time CDR Generation Tight connection between algorithm developer and CDR generator (may be same group) Strong calibration/validation program Research with the data set as part of the program Collaboration with user communities (e.g., diagnosticians, modelers) to obtain feedback

Where are We Going?Creating Quality Climate Data Records Requires (cont):: 

Where are We Going? Creating Quality Climate Data Records Requires (cont): Re-processing An improved algorithm is developed New information on an instrument An error is discovered in the processing system Research and Application Development of climate quality algorithms Analysis of time series to detect emerging trends Joint studies with climate modeling community Production of periodic assessments for decision makers, other climate researchers and the public Data Requirements End-to-end data management Near real-time access to data (including raw radiances) Development of community consensus algorithms and data standards Complete archiving: data, meta data, source code, ancillary data, etc. Free and open sharing and exchange of climate data Nationally and internationally

Slide11: 

Mandates Mission Requirements Capabilities Capability Gaps ID’d Alternative Solutions Solution Selection Acquisition & Operations Approval Climate Observations & Analysis Climate Forcing Climate Prediction Ecosystem Applications Regional Decision Support MAIN PROCESSING SYSTEM Data from multiple satellite and instrument types Buoy, Ship & Ice Data NOAA Climate Central NOAA Management & Staff Reconfigurable & Scalable AVHRR TRMM TMI Aqua AMSR-E NPP VIIRS/CMIS Science Community Scientific Data Stewardship NOAA Climate Program Community Agreed Standards and Protocols In Situ Data CLASS Data Users L1b DATA L1-L3 DATA PPBES NOAA Operational Satellites NASA Research Satellites Future: NPP/NPOESS Example of NOAA’s Scientific Data Stewardship Thematic Climate Data Records (TCDRs): Sea Surface Temperature 11

Slide12: 

Performance Measures for Climate Data Records All CDRs address time-dependent biases and random errors in the data set and are reproducible by independent analysis teams. Bronze --- A single time series produced by a single analysis team from a single observing system (e.g. MSU) or Silver or Gold level failures to meet Silver --- Multiple time series: produced by multiple analysis teams based a common observing system OR produced from multiple independent observing systems by a single analysis team (e.g. MSU vs. Radiosondes) Gold --- Multiple time series produced by multiple analysis teams from multiple independent observing systems. Note: Trends within data sets must be larger than the differences among data sets to reach Gold or Silver status. Scientific Criteria

Slide13: 

Notional Status of Global Scale CDRs - Atmosphere 13 Scientific Criteria

Conclusions: 

Conclusions NOAA is preparing to make CDRs from future satellites Based on current activities In synergy with in situ observations Consistent with NOAA’s SDS Program Using infrastructure established by CLASS Need to match priorities to available resources NOAA needs interagency and international partners to accomplish this NASA foremost NPP and research missions particularly important SAGE3, TRMM, HALOE,TOMS, GRACE, UARS, AQUA, TERRA, AURA, JASON, ICESAT, CALIPSO, etc.

Acknowledgements: 

Acknowledgements “ This Mug Stolen from Joe’s Bar” Material for this presentation provided by M. Goldberg T. Karl J. Bates S. Mango and a number of NESDIS Office of Research and Applications scientists

Slide16: 

Climate Data Records Notional Functions of Scientific Data Stewardship for Climate Network Performance Monitoring Observations & Metadata Analyses and Quality Control Feedbacks Stewardship Teams Archives Climate Analyses Reference Data Sets (Reprocessing) Climate Quality Products Scientific Data Stewardship Real time and retrospective management of climate data Model Re-analyses Defining Scientific Data Stewardship