Unit 11fl

范例欣赏Red Star Over China（3）——The Heroes of TatuEdgar Snow: 

范例欣赏 Red Star Over China（3）——The Heroes of Tatu Edgar Snow

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In the vanguard of the Red Army was Commander Liu Po-ch’eng, who had once been an officer in a warlord army of Szechuan. Liu knew the tribal people, and their inner feuds and discontent. Especially he knew their hatred of Chinese, and he could speak something of the Lolo tongue. Assigned the task of negotiating a friendly alliance, he entered their territory and went into conference with the chieftains. The Lolos, he said, opposed warlords Liu Hisang and Liu Wen-hui and the Kuomintang; so did the Reds. The Lolos wanted to preserve their independence; Red policies favored autonomy for all the national minorities of China. The Lolos hated the Chinese because they had been oppressed by them; but there were “White” Chinese and “Red” Chinese,

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just as there were “White” Lolos and “Black” Lolos, and it was the White Chinese who had always slain and oppressed the Lolos. Should not the red Chinese and the and the Black Lolos unite against their common enemies, the White Chinese? The Lolos listened interestedly. Slyly they asked for arms and bullets to guard their independence and help Red Chinese fight the Whites. To their astonishment, the Reds gave them both.

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And so it happened that not only a speedy but a politically useful passage was accomplished. Hundreds of Lolos enlisted with the “Red” Chinese to march to the Tatu River to fight the common enemy. Some of those Lolos were to trek clear to the Northwest. Liu Po-ch’eng drank the blood of a newly killed chicken before the high chieftain of the Lolos, who drank also, and they swore blood brotherhood in the tribal manner. By this vow the Reds declared that whosoever should violate the terms of their alliance would be even as weak and cowardly as the fowl.

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【参考译文】 西行漫记（3）——大渡河英雄 埃德加·斯诺 率领红军先锋部队的是指挥员刘伯承，他曾在四川一个军阀的军队里当过军官。刘伯承熟悉这个部落民族，熟悉他们的内争和不满。他特别熟悉他们仇恨汉人，而且他能够说几句彝族话。他奉命前去谈判友好联盟，进入了彝族的境内，同彝族的首领进行谈判。他说，彝族人反对军阀刘湘、刘文辉和国民党；红军也反对他们。彝族人要保持独立；红军的政策主张中国各少数民族都自治。彝族人仇恨汉人是因为他们受到汉人的压迫，但是汉人有“白”汉和“红”汉，正如彝族人有“白”彝和“黑”彝，老是杀彝族人，压迫彝族人的是“白”汉。

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红”汉和“黑”彝应该团结起来反对他们的共同敌人“白”汉。彝族人很有兴趣的听着。他们狡黠的要武器和弹药好保卫独立，帮助“红”汉打“白”汉。结果红军都给了他们，使他们感到很意外。 于是红军不仅迅速地而且安然无事地高高兴兴过了境。好几百个彝族人参加了“红”汉，一起到大渡河去打共同的敌人。这些彝族人中有一些还一直走到了西北。刘伯承在彝族的总首领面前同他一起饮了新杀的一只鸡的血，他们两人按照部落传统的方式，歃血为盟，结为兄弟。红军用这种立誓方式宣布凡是违反盟约的人都像那只鸡一样懦弱胆怯。 ——选自董乐山译《西行漫记》

TrustAndy Rooney: 

Trust Andy Rooney Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, Pa . , a distance of about eighty miles. It was late, I was late and if anyone asked me how fast I was driving, I’d have to plead the Fifth Amendment to avoid self-incrimination. Several times I got stuck behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left, and I was clinching my fists with impatience. 昨晚，我驱车从宾西法尼亚州的哈里斯堡赶往刘易斯堡，期间约有英里的路程。天色不早，我动身又晚，要是有人问我车开得有多快，我就得根据《美国宪法修正案》第五条不予回答，以免自陷法网。在狭窄的公路上，我的车几次被慢慢爬行的货车挡在后面，左侧是一条严禁超越的白色实线，急得我把拳头握得紧紧的。

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At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light, it turned red and I braked to a halt, I looked left, right and behind me. Nothing. Not a car, no suggestion of headlights, but there I sat, waiting for the light to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction. 我正驾车行驶在一条畅通的公路上，前面出现一个有交通指示灯的十字路口。当时公路上就我一人。我的车刚驶进路口，红灯就亮了，我赶紧刹住了车。我环顾四周，什么也没看到，没有一辆汽车，连车灯的影子也没有。尽管如此，我还是一直端坐着，等待指示灯的转换。至少在周围一英里范围内，就我一人。

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I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being arrested, because there was obviously no cop around, and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it. 我开始琢磨自己为什么不肯闯红灯。我并不是害怕被抓住，因为周围根本没有警察；再说这时闯红灯肯定也不会有什么危险。

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Much later that night, after I’d met with a group in Lewisburg and had climbed into bed near midnight, the question of why I’d stopped for that light came back to me. I think I stopped because it’s part of a contract we all have with each other. It’s not only the law, but it’s an agreement we have, and we trust each other to honor it: we don’t go through red lights. Like most of us, I’m more apt to be restrained from doing something bad by the social convention that disapproves of it than by any law against it. 当晚我在刘易斯堡如约会见一些人，在深夜十二点上床以后，自己为什么不肯闯红灯这个问题，又回到我的脑际。我想我之所以遇红灯而停车，是因为这是我们大家彼此之间契约的一部分。它既是法律的规定，也是我们共同的协议。而且我们相信人人都会遵守这一协议：我们不闯红灯。和大多数人一样，我之所以不去做坏事，主要是依据不赞成这种行为的社会惯例，而不是依据任何禁止做坏事的法律。

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It’s amazing that we ever trust each other to do the right thing, isn’t it? And we do, too. Trust is our first inclination. We have to make a deliberate decision to mistrust someone or to be suspicious or skeptical. Those attitudes don’t come naturally to us.

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It’s a damn good thing too, because the whole structure of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust. This whole thing we have going for us would fall apart if we didn’t trust each other most of the time. In Italy, they have an awful time getting any money for the government, because many people just plain don’t pay their income tax. 这的确是件大好事，因为我们的整个社会体系依赖于人们的相互信任，而不是相互猜疑。如果我们总是互不信任，我们享有其利益的整个社会体系就会解体。在意大利，政府很难收到税款，因为很多人明目张胆地不缴纳所得税。在美国，国内税务局也表示要执行法律，但政府主要还得靠信任，相信公民会依法纳税

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Here the Internal Revenue Service makes some gestures toward enforcing the law, but mostly they just have to trust that we’ll pay what we owe. There has often been talk of a tax revolt in this country, most recently among unemployed auto workers in Michigan, and our government pretty much admits if there was a widespread tax revolt here, they wouldn’t be able to do anything about it. 人们常常谈到国内的抗税事件，最近在密执安州失业汽车工人中间，也在议论着抗税。我们的政府几乎承认，如果这里普遍抗税，政府就会束手无策。

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We do what we say we’ll do; we show up when we say we’ll show up; we deliver when we say we’ll deliver; and we pay when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and when we don’t do what we’ve promised, it’s a deviation from the normal. It happens often that we don’t act in good faith and in a trustworthy manner, but we still consider it unusual, and we’re angry or disappointed with the person or organization that violates the trust we have in them. (I’m looking for something good to say about mankind today.) 我们说了要做就会做；说了要来就会来；说了交货就会交；说了付款就会付。在这些事情上我们彼此信任。如果我们没有做许诺过的事情，那只是异常情况。我们做事不够诚实、有负信任的情况时有发生，但我们仍然认为那不是正常现象，而且对那些有负信任的组织或个人，我们会感到愤慨或失望。（我正寻找人类今天某些好的品质来评论。）

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hate to see a story about a bank swindler who has jiggered the books to his own advantage, because I trust banks. I don’t like them, but I trust them. I don’t go in and demand that they show me my money all the time just to make sure they still have it. 我讨厌看到关于银行营业人员骗取顾客的存款而篡改帐目的报道，因为我信任银行。我并不喜欢银行，但我信任银行。我不会总去银行让营业员把我的存款拿出来看看，以弄清他们是否还拿得出这笔款。

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It’s the same buying a can of coffee or a quart of milk. You don’t take the coffee home and weigh it to make sure it’s a pound. There isn’t time in life to distrust every person you meet or every company you do business with. I hated the company that started selling beer in eleven-ounce bottles years ago. One of the million things we take on trust is that a beer bottle contains twelve ounces. 观察一下周围的人，并就他们对别人信任与否同其生活成功与否加以比较，是很有趣的。那些容易上当受骗的人，那些总是以为别人都和自己一样诚实可靠的人，结果比那些对谁都不信任的人更容易获得生活上的成功。而且他们的生活要幸福的多，尽管他们有时会受到欺骗。

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I was so proud of myself for stopping for that red light, and inasmuch as no one would ever have known what a good person I was on the road from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, I had to tell someone. 我为自己昨晚没闯红灯感到非常自豪。由于没有人知道在从哈里斯堡至刘易斯堡的路上，我是一个多么好的人，我得把它写出来公之于众。