Natural vegetation of India By Jibin Joseph

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NATURAL VEGETATION OF INDIA AND ITS CONSERVATION Made by Jibin Joseph Class : IX-A Roll no : 19

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Natural vegetation refers to a plant community which has grown naturally without human aid and has been left undisturbed by humans for a long time. This is termed as a virgin vegetation. Our country India is one of the twelve mega bio-diversity countries of the world. With about 47,000 plant species India occupies tenth place in the world and fourth in Asia in plant diversity. There are about 15,000 flowering plants in India which account for 6 per cent in the world’s total number of flowering plants. The country has many non-flowering plants such as ferns, algae and fungi. INTRODUCTION

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FACTORS ON WHICH THE VEGETATION DEPENDS ON? CLIMATE Temperature Sunlight Precipitation ECOSYSTEM RELIEF Land Soil

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TROPICAL EVERGREEN FORESTS Name of the forest Tropical Evergreen Forests Climatic region These forests are restricted to heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm of rainfall. They have a short dry season. The region is warm and wet. Features Trees reach up to 60 meters. It has a luxuriant vegetation of all kinds. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves. Forests appear green all the year round. Vegetation Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, cinchona. Animals Elephants, monkey, deer, lemur, birds, bats, sloths, scorpions, snails and one horned rhinoceros

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TROPICAL DECIDUOUS FORESTS Name Moist Deciduous Forests Dry Deciduous Forests Climatic region It is found in areas receiving rainfall between 200 and 100cm. They exist in the eastern part of the country. It is found in areas receiving rainfall between 100 and 70cm. They exist in the rainier part of the peninsular plateau and the plains of Bihar and UP. Features These are the most widespread forests of India. Trees shed their leaves for about 6 to 8 weeks in dry summer. These are the most widespread forests of India. Trees shed their leaves for about 6 to 8 weeks in dry summer. Vegetation Teak,Bamboos,Sal,Shisham,Sandalwood,Khair,Kusum,Arjun,Mulberry. Teak,Sal,Peepal,Neem Animals Lion, tiger, pig, deer, elephant, birds, lizards, snakes and tortoises.

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THORN FORESTS AND SCRUBS Name of the forest Thorn Forests and Scrubs Climatic region These forests are found in regions with less than 70cm of rainfall. It is found in the north-western part of the country. Features Vegetation consists of thorny trees and bushes. Trees are scattered and have long roots. The stems are succulent. Leaves are mostly thich and small. Vegetation Acacias,Palms,Euphorbias,cacti Animals Rats,mice,rabbits,wolf,tiger,lion,wild ass, horses and camels

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MONTANE FORESTS Name of the forest Wet temperate Coniferous forests Alpine vegetation Climatic region Altitude 1000 to 2000m Altitude 1500 to 3000m Altitude More than 3,600m Vegetation Evergreen broad leave trees such as oaks & chestnuts Pine, Deodar, Silver fir, Spruce and cedar Silver fir, junipers, pines and birches Animals Kashmir stag, spotted dear, wild sheep, jack rabbit, tibetan antelope, yak, snow leopard and squirrels

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MANGROVE FORESTS Name of the forest Mangrove Tidal Forests Climatic region These forests are found in areas of coasts influences by tides. The deltas of Ganga, Mahanadi, Krishana, Godavri and Kaveri are covered by such vegetation Features Mud and silt get accumulated on such coasts. Vegetation Ebony, mahogany, rosewood, rubber, cinchona. Animals Royal bengal tiger, turtles, crocodiles, gharials and snakes

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CONSERVATION Every species has a role to play in the ecosystem. Hence, conservation is essential. Due to excessive exploitation of the plants and animals resources by human beings, the ecosystem has been disturbed. About 1,300 plant species are endangered and 20 species are extinct. Quite a few animal species are also endangered and extinct.

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CAUSES Hunting by greedy hunters for commercial purposes. Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste, acid deposits, introduction of alien species and reckless cutting of the forests to bring land under cultivation and inhabitaion .

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17 biosphere reserves has been set up in the country. 89 National Parks, 490 Wildlife sanctuaries and Zoological gardens are set up to take care of Natural heritage. Project Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many other eco-development projects have been introduced. Financial and technical assistance is provided to many Botanical Gardens by the government.

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Made by Jibin Joseph Class : IX-A Roll no : 19