satcommsspring2005

Satellite Communications BSpring Semester 2004-5-Satellite Broadcasting-: 

Satellite Communications B Spring Semester 2004-5 -Satellite Broadcasting- -Professor Barry G Evans- EEM.scmB

Contents: 

Contents 1. Analogue TV Satellite Broadcasting 2. Digital Satellite Broadcasting (MPEG/DVB-S) 3. New DVB-S2 standard and IP Delivery 4. DMB

Analogue Satellite Broadcasting: 

Analogue Satellite Broadcasting F.M. Theory –S/NW versus C/N DTH/Cable head systems WARC Broadcasting Plan MAC Systems

System model: 

System model

FDM/FM techniques: 

FDM/FM techniques

FM Transmission Formats: 

FM Transmission Formats NB. FDM/FM being replaced . Digital IDR TDM/PSK/FDMA

Characteristics of Frequency Modulation (FM): 

Characteristics of Frequency Modulation (FM)

FM Threshold Effect: 

FM Threshold Effect

FM Theory: 

FM Theory General

Quality objectives for television(CCIR Rec. 567-1 & 568): 

Quality objectives for television (CCIR Rec. 567-1 & 568)

ITU-R Subjective Quality Service: 

ITU-R Subjective Quality Service Picture Quality Weighted S/N(dB) 5 (excellent) 46.6 4 (good) 42.3 3 (fair) 38.0 2 (poor) 33.6 1 (bad) 29.3

Base band signals television: 

Base band signals television

FM Theory: 

FM Theory Television

Analogue transmission techniques-SCPC/FM transmission of television-: 

Analogue transmission techniques -SCPC/FM transmission of television-

Analogue transmission techniques-pre and de-emphasis: 

Analogue transmission techniques -pre and de-emphasis Noise at the output of a FM demodulator has a parabolic power spectral density: higher frequency components get corrupted by more noise than the lower frequency components. PREEMPHASIS increases the amplitude of high frequency components before frequency modulating the carrier. DEEMPHASIS removes this ‘distortion’ at the receiver.

Communication techniques: 

Communication techniques

FM Theory: 

15 KHz TEST-TONE APROACH For A 1v pk-pk Test Signal with fixed pattern Alternate Black-White lines, which is convenient Test Signal – equivalent deviation 15KHz sinusoid T.T. FTPP (WP) is the combined weighting & pre-de-emphasis gain referred to the 15KHz point, which is different from the 0 cross-over value (see slide) UNIFIED WEIGHTING Note that a unified weighting defined over satellite. For S/N calc’s the noise is calculated Is a top baseband of fm=5MHz. Then : 625 Line (WP) = 13.2 dB. 525 Line (WP) = 14.8 dB FM Theory Television

Video Weighting Factor: 

Video Weighting Factor Frequency characteristics of weighting networks for measuring continuous random noise * Improvement by emphasis + weighting factor. (P+O) The CCIR specifies the identical S/N relating to the continuous random noise, for 525/60 and 625/50 systems. Namely, the S/N should be equal to or better than 53 dB for 99% of time and 45 dB for 99.9% of time (Recommendation 567). This Recommendation was adopted at the CCIR Plenary Assembly in 1978, and the former frequency characteristics of weighting networks which had been separately defined for different TV standards were replaced by a single set of characteristics to give unified S/N objectives. Figure below shows the unified curve as well as the former frequency characteristics of weighting networks.

TV via Satellite: 

TV via Satellite Example

Satellite TV – Over Deviation: 

Use BW narrower than Carson without excessive distortion Inst. Frequency corresponding to PK-DVN is well outside the passband filters  when the deviation is close to PK, the carrier is suppressed and a short burst of noise is generated –visible as spots. BUT % time when carrier outside passband is small –but excessive O/D will cause deterioration Satellite TV – Over Deviation

Data sub-carrier: 

Data sub-carrier

TVRO Satellite TV: 

TVRO Satellite TV

Link Performance -Exercise: 

Link Performance -Exercise Fixed losses = 0.5dB Antenna Pt.Loss = 1.4dB System noise temp. (clear weather) = 22.3dB-K Rain loss (99.5%) = 0.7dB Rain temp. = 275k Desired TV quality S/N = 42.3dB (CCIR Grade 4) Video bandwidth = 5MHz Pre-emp . weight gain = 13.2dB Receiver bandwidth = 27MHz Video deviation = 13.5 MHz (P-P) Calculate the earth-station dish size required to obtain CCIR Grade 4 quality TV reception for 99.5% of the time.

TV TRANSMISSION: 

TV TRANSMISSION ATV link to TVRO from Astra Calculate the C/No on the uplink. Is this significant? Calculate the size of dish required to provide CCIR Grade 4 B/N=42.3dB assuming clear weather (make allowance for absorption, pointing loss, etc.) Video devn 13.5MHz p-p, W+P=13.2dB, fm=5MHz, B=26MHz Produce a link budget table for the above Produce another column in the link budget table to represent the case for 99.5% availability for which a fade of 0.84dB is derived form the CCIR model.

Model of a BroadcastingSatellite System: 

Model of a Broadcasting Satellite System

Broadcast Satellites: the WARC Plan Features: 

Broadcast Satellites: the WARC Plan Features Frequency Band 11.7 to 12.5GHz (Europe & Africa) 40 channels spaced at 19.18MHz Orbital positions –generally a 60 spacing Frequency modulation –deviation 13.5MHz/Volt, i.e. a bandwidth of about 27MHz 5 channels for each country Circular polarisation Sound –a single channel on a sub-carrier Video –PAL or SECAM composite

BSS Planning in Europe (1/3): 

BSS Planning in Europe (1/3)

BSS Planning in Europe (2/3): 

BSS Planning in Europe (2/3)

BSS Planning in Europe (3/3): 

BSS Planning in Europe (3/3)

ITU Region 1 Ku BandFrequency Plan: 

ITU Region 1 Ku Band Frequency Plan

The MAC/Packet innovation: 

The MAC/Packet innovation Time division multiplex components

MAC format optionsB-MAC, D-MAC, D2MAC: 

MAC format options B-MAC, D-MAC, D2MAC Time Division Multiplex (TDM) at baseband of time compressed TV signal analogue components and digital components (sound/data). B-MAC: 4 level encoding of digital components D-MAC & D2-MAC: duobinary (3 level) encoding of digital components. Rate divided by 2 with D2-MAC Chrominance Luminance Sound+data MOD MOD TDM RF TIME COMPRESSION TIME COMPRESSION TIME COMPRESSION

MAC format options C-MAC: 

MAC format options C-MAC Time Division Multiplex (TDM) at radiofrequency of time compressed TV signal analogue components and digital components (sound/data)

2. Digital Broadcasting: 

2. Digital Broadcasting MPEG Compression Techniques MPEG Packets DVB-S Transmission

Topics to be covered: 

Topics to be covered Why compression? MPEG-2 compression toolbox, including: Temporal and spatial redundancy Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT DVB channel adaptation, including: Forward error correction (FEC) encoding Modulation and the effects of nonlinearity Quality of service and picture impairments Contribution and distribution

Why is compression necessary?: 

Why is compression necessary? ITU-R BT.601-5 specifies 27Msamples/s at 8bits/sample = 216Mbits/s. MPEG-2 can deliver consumer quality video at ~1Mbits/s to 6Mbits/s. Typical broadcast satellite transponders have 27-36MHz bandwidth, cost roughly £2-3m/year, and can carry 30-40Mbit/s OR one FM TV channel. Transponder cost/channel is much lower for MPEG-2 compression than FM-TV. Digital format allows many more applications.

Elements of a digital satellite broadcasting system: 

Elements of a digital satellite broadcasting system STUDIO Camera Tape Film File server Contribution Electronic Programme Guide (EPG) MPEG-2 Encoder Subscriber Management System Conditional Access System Multiplexer Modulator MPEG-2 Encoder

MPEG-2 Video Compression: 

MPEG-2 Video Compression Toolbox for bit-rate reduction includes: Removal of temporal redundancy: inter-frame compression Removal of spatial redundancy (DCT): intra-frame compression Quantisation of DCT coefficients Variable length coding (VLC)

Temporal redundancy: 

Temporal redundancy Three classes of video frame: I-frames, make no reference to other frames P-frames, predicted from earlier I- or P-frames B-frames, predicted from both past and future frames Only P- and B-frames use temporal redundancy.

Temporal redundancy: 

Temporal redundancy Use motion estimation to predict the next frame. Use DCT to encode the difference between predicted and actual. Intraframes Predicted frames

Spatial redundancy: 

Spatial redundancy Operates on blocks of 8x8 pixels. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) converts spatial elements to frequency domain (lossless). Scaling related to human vision’s perceptual sensitivity. Quantisation controlled by feedback from rate buffer.

Spatial redundancy: 

Spatial redundancy Pixel values for a block taken from a typical picture Increasing horizontal frequency Values after DCT processing Increasing vertical frequency

Spatial redundancy: 

Spatial redundancy Increasing horizontal frequency Increasing vertical frequency DCT values after quantisation and scaling:

Spatial redundancy: 

Spatial redundancy Conversion to serial data by zig-zag scanning: Run length coding removes long strings of zeros. Variable length coding replaces common values with shorter symbols (c.f. Morse code).

Control of quantisation: 

Control of quantisation Buffer occupancy Quantisation threshold Fixed rate Variable rate From DCT process Data rate control Quantisation of DCT coefficients Variable length coding Buffer store

MPEG audio: 

MPEG audio Uses a psychoacoustic algorithm based on the characteristics of the human hearing system. Divides the audio spectrum into sub-bands. The model determines the just-noticeable level of noise for each sub-band, and adjusts quantisation. Loud sounds reduce the ability to hear quiet sounds at other frequencies, so the quiet sounds may not need to be transmitted.

MPEG system layer: 

MPEG system layer Elementary Stream: a stream of information that forms part of a programme, eg sound. Programme Stream: a set of elementary streams having a common time base, that form a programme. A programme typically comprises video, associated sound channels, and data. Transport Stream: a combination of one or more programme streams with one or more independent time bases, formed into a single stream. The transport stream is formed into packets of 188 bytes.

MPEG system layer: 

MPEG system layer Video encoder Audio encoder Data encoder Other programmes Other data Elementary streams Programme streams Transport stream

Broadcast transmission - enter the DVB!: 

Broadcast transmission - enter the DVB! MPEG defines the Transport Stream but not how to carry it. DVB defines framing structure, channel coding and modulation for satellite (DVB-S) in EN 300 421. DVB is a European project, but DVB-S has been adopted around the world.

Channel adaptation: 

Channel adaptation Channel Adaptation: the processes involved in taking a Transport Stream and converting it to a form suitable for transmission on the satellite. Energy dispersal Outer FEC encoder Interleaver Inner FEC encoder Baseband shaping QPSK Modulation To RF channel Transport stream

Energy dispersal: 

Energy dispersal Energy dispersal: intended to ensure that patterns in the data stream do not cause power spectral density peaks. Achieved by exclusive-or with PRBS.

Outer FEC encoding: 

Outer FEC encoding Reed-Solomon (204,188) encoding adds 16 bytes to each MPEG packet.

Interleaver: 

Interleaver Interleaver: breaks up bursts of errors, so that the performance of the Reed-Solomon error corrector in the receiver is enhanced. Achieved by changing the sequence of transmission of bytes, then performing the inverse function in the receiver.

Inner FEC encoder: 

Inner FEC encoder Provides a second layer of forward error correction. Target BER in receiver after error correction is 10-11, corresponding to roughly one uncorrected error per hour. Target BER can be achieved with channel BER<10-2. Choice of code rates of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 allows trading of bandwidth and error performance.

Modem performance: 

Modem performance DVB specifies modem performance in IF loop to achieve quasi error-free performance: Note: Eb/N0 = 10log(C/N0) - 10log(bit rate). The bit rate referred to in this table is the useful bit rate before RS encoding.

Modulation: 

Modulation Modulation cannot be AM because the satellite TWTA must operate at saturation to deliver maximum power. Modulation must therefore be some form of phase shift keying (PSK). Requirement for the smallest possible receiving antennas means that the modulation must be rugged, i.e. able to be demodulated at low C/N. Must be spectrally efficient (bits/Hz) to maximise transponder payload.

Modulation: 

Modulation BPSK has largest inter-symbol distance. QPSK has half BPSK’s symbol rate, so half the bandwidth. Inter-symbol distance is down 3dB relative to BPSK, but so is received noise power! I Q 0 1 I Q 0,0 1,1 0,1 1,0 BPSK constellation QPSK constellation

Baseband shaping: 

Baseband shaping Amplitude Nyquist bandwidth Slow roll-off Medium roll-off Fast roll-off

Modulation performance: 

Modulation performance Typical receiver performance in a linear channel: Measured Theoretical Note: in this case the bit rate used to calculate Eb/N0 from C/N0 is the channel rate.

Effects of nonlinearity: 

Effects of nonlinearity Modem performance is not significantly affected by TWTA nonlinearity, even at saturation, for a single carrier. Note the effect of nonlinearity on the spectrum (next slide). It can have significant impact on the design of the uplink earth station, in order to meet adjacent channel interference (ACI) criteria.

Effect of TWTA on spectrum: 

Effect of TWTA on spectrum Spectrum of 11Mbits/s (gross rate) QPSK signal after passing through a wideband TWTA at saturation.

Example payload calculation: 

Example payload calculation Q. 30MHz of bandwidth is available. If the inner code rate is 3/4, what is the bit-rate available to the MPEG stream? A. The relationship between bandwidth at -20dB relative to mid-band and the symbol rate is BW = 1.28 x symbol rate. Therefore, symbol rate = 30 / 1.28 = 23.4Msym/s QPSK has two bits per symbol, so the gross bit rate is 23.4 x 2 = 46.8Mbits/s.

Example payload calculation: 

Example payload calculation The rate after the inner layer of error correction is 46.8 x 3/4 = 35.1Mbits/s. The rate after the outer (RS) layer of error correction is 35.1 x 188/204 = 32.3Mbit/s.

Quality of service: 

Quality of service The two concatenated error correcting codes give an abrupt failure as C/N degrades. Above the failure point, picture quality is the same as that leaving the studio. Picture Quality C/N FM Digital FM threshold Digital threshold

Picture impairments: 

Picture impairments Impairments are different from PAL (eg cross-colour). Dependent on bit rate. Dependent on picture content. Rule of thumb: <2Mbits/s for talking heads at VHS quality, 6Mbits/s for high quality action sports. Impairments are mainly due to detail being omitted, and in severe cases can lead to blocks becoming visible. Broadcaster can trade picture quality with number of services.

Contribution and Distribution: 

Contribution and Distribution Broadcaster to broadcaster connections: Programme exchange Feeds to cable head-ends (primary distribution) Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) DVB-DSNG (EN 301 210): Specifies QPSK, same as DVB-S Adds 8PSK and 16QAM

Links to IP deliveryover MPEG/DVB-S & DVB-S-RCS: 

Links to IP delivery over MPEG/DVB-S & DVB-S-RCS Having a digital transport packet, PES, it is possible to load IP packets into these and thus deliver. IP over MPEG/DVB-S As well as the forward channel MPEG/DVB-S a return channel –RCS –return channel via satellite- has been standardised –DVB-S-RCS. These topics will be covered in an associated lecture (Dr Haitham Cruickshank)

DVB-DSNG Standard 1992: 

DVB-DSNG Standard 1992 Upgrading DVB-S to satellite news gathering at contribution qualities 8PSK/16QAM with standard conv codes –spectrum eff.  3.2 bits/symbol Allow smaller dish SNG to operate at higher C/N’s

3. New Standard DVB-S2 – 2003: 

3. New Standard DVB-S2 – 2003 Achieves 35-40% increase in throughput for same bandwidth Greater than 20 combinations of modulation and coding schemes offer Spectrum efficiency 0.54.5 bits/unit bandwidth C/N from –216dB Backward compatibility with DVB-S Opens up range of new services and reduced costs

New Standard DVB-S2 – 2003: 

New Standard DVB-S2 – 2003 Layered modulation QPSK, 8 PSK, 16 APSK, 32 APSK Low density parity check (LDPC) Codes rates 1/4,1/3, ½, 3/5, 2/3, ¾, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9, 9/10 Concatenated scheme Inner LDPC Outer BCH

Modulation schemes DVB-S2: 

Modulation schemes DVB-S2 The four possible DVB-S2 constellations before physical layer scrambling

Modulation schemes DVB-S2: 

Modulation schemes DVB-S2 QPSK/8 APSK broadcast applications 16/32 APSK professional applications requiring higher C/N Need pre-distortion in uplink to overcome non-linear. Schemes better in non-linear channel cf. 16/32 QAM Roll-off factors - =0.35, 0.25, 0.2

Modulation schemes DVB-S2: 

Modulation schemes DVB-S2 Functional block diagram of the DVB-S2 system

Modulation schemes DVB-S2: 

Modulation schemes DVB-S2 LDPC inner codes –simple block code (Gallager) BCH outer coding removes the error floor (no interleavers) FEC coded blocks (FEC frames) length 64800 or 16200 bits

Framing Structure:the system train: 

Framing Structure: the system train Pictorial representation of the physical layer framing structure

Framing Structure:the system train: 

Framing Structure: the system train Physical level: robust synch. and signalling Physical train: sequences of periodic wagons (PL frames) Within PL frame. M/C is homogeneous With variable C/M –(VCM) –M/C changes in adjustment wagons

Framing Structure:the system train: 

Framing Structure: the system train PL frame = Payload (64.800bits) – LDPC/BCH FEC + PL header (90 symbols) synch/sig. Mod. & coding type FEC rate, frame length, pilots, etc. PL header –uses fixed /2 BPSK –7/64 block coded Base band level Configures Rx according to application Single or multiple input streams, generic or transport stream CCM (const. M/C) ACM (adaptive M/C)

DVB-S2 Performance: 

DVB-S2 Performance Required C/N versus spectrum efficiency, obtained by computer simulations on the AWGN channel (idea demodulation) (C/N refers to average power) Operates C/N’s –2.4dB with QPSK/1/4 to 16dB with 32APSK/9/10 (for PER of 10-7) Note: 20-35% capacity increase over DVB-S

DVB-S2 Range of C and M: 

DVB-S2 Range of C and M Examples of useful bit rates Ru versus LDPC code rate per unit symbol rate Rs

Comparison DVB-S and S2 (CCM): 

Comparison DVB-S and S2 (CCM)

New standard DVB-S2 – 2003: 

New standard DVB-S2 – 2003 Standard optimised for range of satellite transponder characteristics and satellite channels Variable coding and modulation allows change on frame to frame basis Allows MPEG2, MPEG4, IP and ATM input streams Adaptive M&C can be operated between forward/return (RCS) to secure 4-8dB added advantages

Using ACM for IP Unicast (1): 

Using ACM for IP Unicast (1) Block diagram of a DVB-S2 ACM link Rx means C/N+I and reports to G.W. GW adapts M and C on frame basis Ka-band needs ACM to compensate fades 0.5dB/s –leads to around 1dB accuracy corrections.

Using ACM for IP Unicast (2): 

Using ACM for IP Unicast (2) Example of IP services using a DVB-S2 ACM link

Using ACM for IP Unicast (3): 

Using ACM for IP Unicast (3) ACM routing manager –separates the IP pkts/user per required protection and per service level and can prioritise per service. Single streams –ACM router and DVB-S2 mod independent and can implement any routing policy. Multiple streams –ACM is active and selects and prioritises packets as well as delaying for prioritisation.

New standard DVB-S2 – 2003: 

New standard DVB-S2 – 2003 Delivery HDTV and IP services Combining DVB-S2 – MPEG4, ACM schemes get 25 video channels in 33MHz transponder DVB-S2 and ACM with multispot Ka-band satellites and DVB-RCS reduce IP delivery costs by factor 10 Compatible cable/fibre costs DVB-S2 has backward compatibility but will take time to replace large number of home decoders

DMB – Digital Multimedia Broadcasting: 

DMB – Digital Multimedia Broadcasting DMB and multicasting to mobile terminals is a major new market. Forecasts for MB market in 2008 90 million users worldwide 80 B € revenue Satellite can play major role (SDMB,MBSAT) but terrestrial options. (DAB, DVB-H).

DMB: convergenceof different worlds : 

DMB: convergence of different worlds

DMB services: real-time vs non real-time: 

DMB services: real-time vs non real-time RT: real-time broadcast/multicast to mobile terminal Live TV Live music Information (news, traffic) Advertising Webcams Multiplayer gaming Emergency messages NRT: non-real time, content stored on terminal and consumed later Video on-demand Music on-demand Webcasting Web-browsing Personalised content Video games

Content for Mobile TV: 

Content for Mobile TV Existing TV content cannot be directly transported to mobile terminals “Mobile TV is not TV on the mobile” Content adaptation strategies are necessary Small screens Detail-driven source coding Content trasducers New content produced for mobile TV Short sequences (1 to 15 mins typical) NAVSHP (Networked Audio Visual Systems and Home Platforms) New media technology platform for EC IST FP7 Thomson, Alcatel, ST, Siemens, Nokia, Philips, Intel New Media Council: next meeting Dec 2-3, 2004.

DMB systems: 

DMB systems Classification is difficult, due to large overlap Criteria Coverage: terrestrial/satellite Terminals: handset/vehicular Target service: audio/video/multimedia World region of operation Integration with cellular networks In operation/planned Standard/proprietary air interface Examples Digital Audio Broadcasting (e.g. DAB, XM radio, Sirius) Digital Video Broadcasting (e.g. DVB-T, DVB-H) MBSAT IMT2000 (e.g., UMTS-MBMS, S-DMB) …

DMB systems: 

DMB systems Classification is difficult, due to large overlap Criteria Coverage: terrestrial/satellite Terminals: handset/vehicular Target service: audio/video/multimedia World region of operation Integration with cellular networks In operation/planned Standard/proprietary air interface Examples Digital Audio Broadcasting (e.g. DAB, XM radio, Sirius) Digital Video Broadcasting (e.g. DVB-T, DVB-H) MBSAT IMT2000 (e.g., UMTS-MBMS, S-DMB) …

DAB: 

DAB Standardized by ETSI in 1995 Replacement for analog AM and FM MPEG2 audio layer II Enhanced data services N x 24 ms Frames, DQPSK, OFDM 1/4 - rate Conv. Code, Interleaving, Puncturing 4-Modes of Operation Deployed in >35 Cntrs. Around the world

DARS systems: XM radio: 

DARS systems: XM radio DARS = Digital Audio Radio Service XM Satellite Radio (CONUS) started in 2001 A $1,5 billions program targeting vehicular market 100 Thematic radio channels, FM+ quality $10/month subscription Receivers price starting today from $120 XM exceeded 1 million customers end of October 2003 Constellation 2 GEO satellites Terrestrial repeaters (~1500) Air interface QPSK TDM S-Band

DARS systems: Sirius: 

DARS systems: Sirius Sirius (CONUS) Started 2002 120 Thematic radio channels, FM+ quality $12.25/month subscription 400K users end of June 2004 Member of ASMS-TF Constellation: 3 HEO sat Terrestrial repeaters (~ 90) Air interface: Direct link: QPSK TDM Terrestrial repeater link: QPSK COFDM Coding: RS+Conv Sat diversity

MBSAT: 

MBSAT MBSAT (Japan and Korea) opening 2004 1 GEO sat, 12 m antenna Gap fillers 25 MHz band at 2,6 GHz, 7 Mb/s capacity Vehicular and pedestrian usage 10 TV and 50 Radio broadcast programs Target 20 Million customers in 2010 400 to 600 $ receivers 3 to 20$/month subscription System Cost ~800 M$ Tens of thousands of terrestrial repeaters Partnership: Toshiba, NTV, NTT, SKT, Toyota, Mitsubishi, Samsung,... Strong involvement of SKT in Korea to market the MBSAT system Targeting video over cellphone with Samsung products

DVB standards: DVB-T/H: 

DVB standards: DVB-T/H DVB-T has been standardized in 1997 and now deployed worldwide DVB-T adopts QAM-OFDM DVB-H is the evolution of DVB-T for broadcasting to mobile handsets Targeting 2005 commercial product availability Regulatory allocation for DVB-H Network is a big concern Will require tremendous lobbying effort to grant VHF/UHF before 2010

DVB-H System overview (1): 

DVB-H System overview (1) Objectives Broadcast transmission to mobile handheld terminals of datagrams (IP or other datagrams) pertaining to multimedia services, file downloading services, etc Constraints Limited power supply (small terminals) Varying transmission conditions (mobile terminals) Systems specification DVB-H = DVB-T + 4K OFDM mode Enhanced interleaving for native DVB-T 2K and 4K modes Time slicing Enhanced signalling Packet coding: MPE-FEC 5MHz bandwidth Reference documents EN 300 744: Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television (DVB-T), Appendix G and H specific for DVB-H EN 301 192: Link Layer EN 300 468: Service Information TS 101 191: Single Frequency Network

DVB-T/H System overview (2): 

DVB-T/H System overview (2) 4 bandwidth modes: 5, 6, 7, and 8 MHz 3 OFDM modes: 2K, 4K, 8K 3 modulation formats: 4-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM Hierarchical and non-hierarchical transmission Non-hierarchical: constant error protection Hierarchical: higher protection for basic information, lower protection for additional information Bit-wise and symbol-wise interleaving Concatenated channel coding Inner code: convolutional code with 4 coding rates: 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, and 7/8 Outer code: RS code

DVB-T/H network layout: 

DVB-T/H network layout 4 kinds of frequency networks can be deployed Large area SFN (Single Frequency Network) : Many high power repeaters with large transmitter space large delays  large guard time required Challenging transmitter synchronization Regional SFN: Few high power repeaters with large transmitter space Large delays  large guard time required Simpler transmitter synchronization MFN (Multi Frequency Network) with dense SFN around each MFN transmitter: Medium power SFM transmitter with medium transmitter spacing SFN gap fillers Low power SFN transmitter with small spacing to fill gaps in coverage Small delays  small guard time required

DVB-T/H: functional block diagram: 

DVB-T/H: functional block diagram

DVB-T/H: MPEG-2: 

DVB-T/H: MPEG-2 MPEG-2 transport multiplex packet: 188 byte: 1 synch word + payload

DVB-T/H: RS outer coding: 

DVB-T/H: RS outer coding

DVB-T/H: outer interleaving: 

DVB-T/H: outer interleaving

DVB-T/H: inner convolutional coding: 

DVB-T/H: inner convolutional coding

Mobile TV: the DVB-T/H technology: 

Mobile TV: the DVB-T/H technology Mobile terrestrial broadcast (DVB-H) is an “add-on” to the standard terrestrial broadcast (DVB-T) Reuse of high power DVB-T transmitter + deployment of dedicated on-channel and frequency conversion repeaters Additional FEC protection and introduction of Time Division Multiplexing New service delivery “IP based” for flexible aggregation of services Trials in Helsinki (Q3/04), Berlin (Q4/04), commercial limited opening in 2006 (Finland) Operation scenario 1, 2 or 3

Mobile Broadcasting will happen: 

Mobile Broadcasting will happen Mobile broadcasting is becoming a fact in different parts of the world using terrestrial or satellite infrastructure Satellite: MBSAT for Japan and Korea (just launched), US with XM Radio Terrestrial: T-DAB and DVB-T deployed/selected in significant parts of the world with mobility as target for home and vehicular usage(?). DVB-H/T-DMB initiative are natural complement for handsets. 3G Cellular: Reserved for unicast, potentially multicast with limited throughput but no real broadcast services could be offered Broadcast services on Handset will be a mix of Live TV and on demand video Open service platform is key in the success of those services, with a seamless delivery between broadcast and unicast/multicast services Mobile Operators have to assess cooperation/competition issues between broadcast technologies and mobile network Clear role distribution between Broadcaster and Mobile operators is key in the success of Mobile broadcast services

The convergence challenge: 

The convergence challenge Mobile operator and content editors/Broadcaster to find agreement on a long list of issues Resources sharing Access to customer billing policy Sharing revenues Subsidizing of bi-mode terminal Portal content policy Service exclusivity Mobile right issues Infrastructure deployment and O&M, ... Political/regulatory issues to shape the agreement framework Several Mode of Operation can be envisaged

The SDMB architecture: a satellite overlay network for 3G and beyond 3G network: 

The SDMB architecture: a satellite overlay network for 3G and beyond 3G network 3G Mobile Network 3G Base station Content providers Hub based on 3G equipment Content Network High power Geo-stationary satellite 3G handset Interactive link in IMT2000 mobile terrestrial band MBMS Broadcast/Multicast Service Centre Example of umbrella cells coverage over Europe Satellite distribution link in IMT2000 mobile satellite band 3G Air interface

S-DMB: key design principles: 

2G/3G HANDSET with extended frequency agility in Satellite IMT2000 band 512 Mbytes Memory card with integrated DRM Terrestrial repeaters integrated in 3G base stations for dense urban area coverage STORE REPLAY PUSH SELECT S-DMB: key design principles Satellite IMT2000 FDD European allocation Terrestrial IMT2000 FDD European allocation Terrestrial IMT2000 TDD European allocation 1900 1980 2010 2170 2200 MHz 1920 2110 2025 Hybrid satellite/terrestrial architecture: Global coverage for Outdoor & Indoor usage Low cost impact on 3G handheld terminal Satellite frequencies are adjacent to IMT2000 terrestrial ones Satellite waveform compliant to 3GPP UTRA FDD WCDMA standard High reception margin, hence no form factor impact Concurrent evolution with 3GPP architecture Return link: PPDR, safety

High power GEO satellite to accommodate 3G handheld terminal RF characteristics: 

High power GEO satellite to accommodate 3G handheld terminal RF characteristics Satellite & Payload characteristics 15 years Lifetime Launch mass: up to 5900 Kg P/L DC power consumption: 12 kW Up to 6 beams per satellite EIRP (EOC): up to 76 dBW/beam over 1° Example of 1° Beams Satellite flexibility Coverage (beam selection and beam size) Power sharing among active beams Transparent architecture towards 3GPP air interface (e.g. W-CDMA & Beyond 3G waveform)

Terrestrial repeater: 

Terrestrial repeater Rx antenna dish  20-30 cm Ka band RF filter Power Amplifier * RF cable to Node B antenna (Signal is 3GPP TS 25.106 compliant in IMT2000 satellite band) Low Noise Block CellularModem Frequency conversion terrestrial repeater Block architecture O&M controller Typical installation in tri-sectorised site Site sharing with 2G/3G base station site * cost effective * environment friendly: - Antenna sharing with NodeB possible. - RF power ~ 10 W

S-DMB enabling features in 3G user equipment: 

S-DMB enabling features in 3G user equipment 3GPP & OMA features HW: Local memory storage SW MBMS (including Power saving management) Streaming service and related codecs Digital Right Management Mobile broadcast services (service discovery, service protection, electronic service guide, etc...) SDMB specific HW: Radio frequency agility extension to IMT2000 satellite band SW Reliable transport protocol (File FEC, Interleaving, Carrousel) Dual operation mode: SDMB reception while attached to UMTS or GSM network SDMB Service management

Conclusion : 

Conclusion S-DMB is designed as an open infrastructure providing efficient content delivery services to 3G mobile operators, to meet the Mobile Video challenge Viable positioning compared to DVB-H in the following situations: Coverage at low cost focusing on Mobile video business model rather than TV Regulations or competitive environment blocking the Broadcasters/Mobile operators co-operation Technological competition between DVB-H and UMTS MAESTRO is the cornerstone to demonstrate the SDMB value proposition toward mobile industry Need to implement appropriate regulatory framework for 3G satellite systems in Europe Paving the way for appropriate regulation in other part of the world