wisconsin0906

Occupant Injury Patterns in Side Pole Crashes: 

Occupant Injury Patterns in Side Pole Crashes Frank A. Pintar, PhD N. Yoganandan, PhD Dennis J. Maiman, MD, PhD Dale Halloway, MA Wisconsin CIREN Center

Narrow-Object Side Impacts: 

Narrow-Object Side Impacts Single vehicle crash Potential for severe trauma Greater / concentrated levels of intrusion Ways to reduce injury? What can side airbags do?

Narrow-Object Side ImpactsCIREN Analysis: 

Narrow-Object Side Impacts CIREN Analysis Query CIREN database Near side 8-10 or 2-4 pole/tree crashes Apply Biomechanics Tab coding Characterize Injury Patterns

NASS DataNarrow-object versus Car-to-car: 

NASS Data Narrow-object versus Car-to-car

Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis 49 analyzed Of the 49: 25 males, 24 females 15 age 10-18 YO; 34 age 19-63 YO 35 drivers; 14 passengers Belt use: 38 yes, 11 no CIREN inclusion Late-model vehicles 1990 – 2004 AIS=3+ or multiple AIS=2 injuries

Narrow-Object CIREN Cases: 

Narrow-Object CIREN Cases

Narrow-Object CIREN CasesNumber of Cases by Vehicle Model Year: 

Narrow-Object CIREN Cases Number of Cases by Vehicle Model Year

Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis 26 of 49 with Thorax Injury 26 of 49 with Head Injury 17 of 49 with Pelvic Injury 16 of 49 with Lower Extremity Injury 12 of 49 with Abdomen Injury 5 of 49 with Cervical Spine Injury 4 of 49 with Upper Extremity Injury

Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case AnalysisNumber of Occupants with Trauma to Body Region: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Number of Occupants with Trauma to Body Region

Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case AnalysisNumber of Occupants with Associated Head Trauma: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Number of Occupants with Associated Head Trauma

Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case AnalysisNumber of Occupants with Associated Lo Extremity Trauma: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Number of Occupants with Associated Lo Extremity Trauma

Slide12: 

Narrow Object Side Impact Location Forward of 25 cm Center of Wheelbase Rearward of 25 cm 25 cm Forward 25 cm Rearward Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4

Slide13: 

Narrow Object Side Impact Location Class 1 17 Total Class 1 Cases Percent of occupants with injury

Slide14: 

Narrow Object Side Impact Location 18 Total Class 1 Cases Percent of occupants with injury Class 2

Slide15: 

Narrow Object Side Impact Location 11 Total Class 1 Cases Percent of occupants with injury Class 3

Slide16: 

Narrow Object Side Impact Location Class 4 Less than 5 cases

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis 26 of 49 cases had Head injury 10 had skull fractures; 8 were skull base 17 had hemorrhage; subdural, subarachnoid… 4 had LOC; 3 had DAI 4 had isolated head injuries 19 had associated chest trauma 8 had associated abdomen trauma 5 had associated C-spine trauma 9 had associated pelvis trauma 4 had associated low extremity trauma

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case AnalysisPercent of Head-Injured Occupants with Associated Trauma: 

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Percent of Head-Injured Occupants with Associated Trauma

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsInvolved Physical Component using Bio-Tab: 

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts Involved Physical Component using Bio-Tab Object intrusion location Class 2, 3 13 / 26 contacted object (pole, tree) 9 / 26 A-, B-pillar, or roof side rail 3 / 26 contacted door

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsEffect of Stature: 

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts Effect of Stature 3 with door contact 11 year old male, 152 cm 17 year old female, 160 cm 18 year old male, 157 cm Small stature occupants

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsInvolved Physical ComponentEffect of Stature: 

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts Involved Physical Component Effect of Stature 9 with A-, B-Pillar, Roof Rail contact 3 Roof side rail contact Occupants 183, 185, 188 cm height 4 B-pillar contact Occupants 163, 168, 168, 183 cm height Class 1, 2, 3, 4 PDOF; kinematics; seat position 1 A-pillar contact Occupant 196 cm; Class 1 impact 1 Roof contact with intrusion

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsInvolved Physical ComponentEffect of Stature: 

Head Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts Involved Physical Component Effect of Stature 13 with Pole / Tree contact 3 in Class 1 Occupants 163, 168, 188 cm height 7 in Class 2 Occupants 152 to 178 cm height 3 in Class 3 Occupants 163, 165, 183 cm height

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis 26 of 49 cases had Thorax injury 17 had lung contusion 19 had rib fractures 4 had isolated thorax injuries 19 had associated head trauma 10 had associated abdomen trauma 5 had associated C-spine trauma 9 had associated pelvis trauma 2 had associated low extremity trauma

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case AnalysisPercent of Chest-Injured Occupants with Associated Trauma: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Percent of Chest-Injured Occupants with Associated Trauma

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsInvolved Physical Component: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts Involved Physical Component 25 / 26 contact with intruding door Object intrusion location Class 2, 3 Oblique door load antero-lateral ?

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Multiple Rib Fractures Unilateral (left) With hemo-pneumothorax Spleen laceration Torqued Seat Class-2

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Unilateral (left) rib fracture Unilateral (left) lung contusion With hemo-pneumothorax Torqued Seat Class-2

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Unilateral (left) Multiple rib fractures Spleen laceration Torqued Seat Class-3

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis Unilateral (right) Rib Fractures Right flail chest With hemo-pneumothorax Lung contusions Liver laceration Aortic injury Torqued Seat Class-2

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Case Analysis SUMMARY: 

Chest Trauma in Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Case Analysis SUMMARY Chest injuries associated with other injuries Head predominantly Abdomen Less with pelvis Not with low extremity Unilateral rib fractures Torqued seatback in 11 / 15 cases Oblique load to chest from door Object intrusion class 2 and 3

Narrow Object Side ImpactsCIREN Analysis: Side Airbags: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts CIREN Analysis: Side Airbags 2002, 45 km/h, 9-o’clock, class 1 Combo thorax-head bag Lung contusions; pelvis fractures 2004, 24 km/h, 9-o’clock, class 3 Combo thorax-head bag Spleen laceration AIS=3 2000, 34 km/h, 11-o’clock, class 1 Combo thorax-head bag Bilateral femur fractures AIS=3

CIREN Case Example: 

CIREN Case Example Right front passenger 22-year-old male 191 cm (6’ 3”), 102 kg (225 lb) Belted, right curtain and torso side air bags deployed MAIS = 5 Head, Chest Injuries ISS = 42

2001 Volkswagen: 

2001 Volkswagen 20 mph BES

2001 Volkswagen: 

2001 Volkswagen

Case Occupant: 

Case Occupant

2001 Volkswagen: 

2001 Volkswagen Note: Case Occupant Seat Torqued

Case Occupant: 

Case Occupant

Case Occupant: 

Case Occupant

Narrow Object Side Impacts Summary of 49 CIREN Cases: 

Narrow Object Side Impacts Summary of 49 CIREN Cases Location of impact influences injury patterns Head injuries influenced by stature Chest injuries influenced by oblique door loading Torqued seat may be indicator Limited data on side airbags

Slide40: 

This research was supported in part by US Dept. of Transportation NHTSA Dept. of Veterans Affairs Medical Research Thanks to: Jonathan Rupp, PhD from University of Michigan CIREN Center Joel D. Stitzel, PhD from Wake Forest Toyota CIREN Center Patricia Dischinger, PhD from Maryland CIREN Center Chris Sherwood, MS from Honda Inova Fairfax Virginia CIREN Center For conducting biomechanical investigations on individual cases Acknowledgment