XLM A

Intro to MIS – MGS351Computer Hardwareand Software: 

Intro to MIS – MGS351 Computer Hardware and Software Extended Learning Module A

Chapter Overview: 

Chapter Overview Digital Communications Hardware CPU, Memory, Storage Devices, Input Devices, Output Devices Categories of Computers Software Operating Systems, Application Software, Programming Languages

Digital Communications: 

Digital Communications bit Represents smallest unit of data in the form of either 0 or 1 byte String of bits, usually eight Stores one number or character

Digital Communications: 

Digital Communications

CPU (processor): 

CPU (processor) Interprets and carries out basic instructions that operate a computer. Controls other parts of the computer system.

Memory (Primary Storage): 

Memory (Primary Storage) Temporarily stores software program(s) being executed, data used by the programs and other instructions. RAM - Random Access Memory ROM - Read Only Memory Volatile versus non-volatile www.crucial.com

CPU and Primary Storage: 

CPU and Primary Storage

Storage Devices: 

Storage Devices Sequential versus direct access Magnetic disk: Floppy disk, Hard disk Optical disks: CD-ROM, DVDs Magnetic tape: Inexpensive, older secondary-storage medium

Input Devices: 

Input Devices Keyboard Mouse Touch Screen Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Pen Based input and Audio Input Digital Scanner

Input Devices - Keyboard: 

Input Devices - Keyboard

Output Devices: 

Output Devices Monitor (CRT, LCD, plasma) Printer (inkjet, laser) Audio Output Microfilm and Microfiche

Categories of Computers: 

Categories of Computers

Categories of Computers: 

Categories of Computers Mobile Laptop, handheld or tablet Personal Desktop or Tower model Workstations Network computers

Categories of Computers: 

Categories of Computers Minicomputer Mainframe Supercomputer UB Center for Computational Research http://www.ccr.buffalo.edu/

Software: 

Software Software program: Series of statements or instructions to the computer System software: Generalized programs, manages computer’s resources Application software: Programs written to perform functions specified by end users

Major Types of Software: 

Major Types of Software

What is an Operating System?: 

What is an Operating System? A set of programs that manages the operations of a computer and functions as an interface between the user, the application programs and the computer hardware. Win 9x, Win 2000, Win XP, Mac OS, DOS, UNIX, Linux, OS/2, MVS and more!

Role of the Operating System: 

Role of the Operating System

Operating System Functions: 

Operating System Functions Allocates and assigns system resources Schedules use of computer resources Monitors computer system activities Provides locations in primary memory for data and programs Controls the input and output devices

Linux: 

Linux Consumers Love It. Linux represents a best-of-breed UNIX, that is trusted in mission critical applications, and - due to it's open source code - has a long term credibility which exceeds many other competitive OS's. Linux has been deployed in mission critical, commercial environments with an excellent pool of public testimonials. Linux's (real and perceived) virtues over Windows NT include: Customization, Availability/Reliability, Scaleability Performance and Interoperability Source: Microsoft! The infamous Halloween documents: www.opensource.org/halloween.html

Application Software: 

Application Software Software designed to perform people-related tasks such as payroll, inventory, and sales analysis. Proprietary versus Off-the-shelf (build or buy decision)

Programming Languages: 

Programming Languages Machine language: Consists of 1s and 0s of binary code Assembly language: Resembles machine language, substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes Third-generation languages: FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, and C

Programming Languages: 

Programming Languages Fourth-generation language: Employed directly by end users - nonprocedural Natural languages: A type of 4th generation language that is similar to human language Query languages: Used to retrieve data stored in databases or files

Programming Languages: 

Programming Languages Machine code 010010 001010 111010 001011 Assembly language AR 5,3 FORTRAN READ (5,100) ID, QUANT, PRICE TOTAL = QUANT * PRICE COBOL MULTIPLY QUANT-SOLD BY UNIT-PRICE GIVING SALES-TOTAL

Language Translation Software: 

Language Translation Software Translates high-level language programs into machine language (1s and 0s) binary executables Compilers Interpreters

Quote: 

Quote “We should be impressed by technology, but we shouldn’t be distracted by it or fooled into thinking that technology, unto itself, is the solution to anything.” -Lou Gerstner