IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry UNFCCC Workshop on the Preparation of National Communications from non-Annex I Parties April 26-30, 2004, Manila Leandro Buendia Programme Officer, IPCC-NGGIP-TSU (lbuendia@iges.or.jp) : IPCC Good Practice Guidance for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry UNFCCC Workshop on the Preparation of National Communications from non-Annex I Parties April 26-30, 2004, Manila Leandro Buendia Programme Officer, IPCC-NGGIP-TSU (lbuendia@iges.or.jp)
Decision 17/CP.8 : Decision 17/CP.8 Objectives
Para 1b. To encourage the presentation of information in a consistent, transparent and comparable, as well as flexible, manner, taking into account specific national circumstances.
Methodologies
Para 11. Non-Annex 1 Parties are encouraged to apply the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, taking into account the need to improve transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy in inventories.
Para 12. Non-Annex I Parties are also encouraged, to the extent possible, to undertake any key source analysis as indicated in the IPCC good practice guidance to assist in developing inventories that better reflect their national circumstances.
Reporting
Para 24. Non-Annex I Parties are encouraged to provide information on the level of uncertainty associated with inventory data and their underlying assumptions, and to describe the methodologies used, if any, for estimating these uncertainties.
Contents : Contents Background Information
What is good practice guidance?
Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000
Contents of the Report
Policy Relevance
Conclusion
Background Information : Background Information GPG2000 did not cover the land-use change and forestry (LUCF) activities described in Chapter 5 of the GL96:
to avoid the risk of inconsistency with SR-LULUCF
Kyoto Protocol sink negotiations weren’t concluded in 2000
Background Information : Background Information August 2001: Expert Group Planning Mtg. to develop the work programme
March 2002 – July 2003: Conducted 5 Authors/Experts Meetings to draft and finalize the Report
First government/expert review in December 2002 to January 2003
Second governments/experts review in May to June 2003
November 2003: IPCC XXI adopted/accepted the Report
December 2003: COP9 welcomed the Report
April 2004: published the GPG-LULUCF Report
What is good practice guidance? : What is good practice guidance? GPG2000 defines inventories consistent with good practice as those which contain neither over- nor underestimates so far as can be judged, and in which uncertainties are reduced as far as is practicable given national circumstances.
When applied to LULUCF, this definition should ensure the bona fide estimates of:
emissions by sources and removal by sinks
carbon stock changes
Good practice aims to satisfy the definition by providing guidance on: : Good practice aims to satisfy the definition by providing guidance on: Choice of estimation method within the context of the IPCC Guidelines
QA/QC procedures to provide cross-checks during inventory compilation
Data and information to be documented, archived and reported to facilitate review and assessment of inventory estimates
Quantification of uncertainties at the source or sink category level and for the inventory as a whole, so that resources available can be directed toward reducing uncertainties over time, and the improvement can be tracked
Good practice guidance further supports the development of inventories that are: : transparent
documented
consistent over time
complete
comparable
assessed for uncertainties
subject quality control and assurance
efficient in the use of resources available to inventory agencies
uncertainties are reduced as better information becomes available Good practice guidance further supports the development of inventories that are:
Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 : Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 GPG-LULUCF is consistent with GL96:
specific source or sink categories it addressed can be traced back to categories in GL96
it uses the same functional forms for the equations that are used in GL96, or their equivalent
it allows corrections of any errors or deficiencies that have been identified in GL96.
Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 : Relationship to GL96 and GPG2000 GPG-LULUCF, following conclusion from SBSTA15, used some flexibilities in handling of categories while ensuring consistency with Chapter 5 of GL96.
GPG-LULUCF has some interlinkages with GPG2000 in estimation of agricultural emissions (i.e. N2O from soils), and must maintain consistency with the advice already agreed upon.
Contents of the Report : Contents of the Report Preface
Chapter 1 Overview
Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas
Chapter 3 LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance
Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol
Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues
Glossary
Basic Information
Abbreviations and Acronyms
List of Reviewers
Overview of the GPG-LULUCF : Overview of the GPG-LULUCF
Chapter 1 Overview : Chapter 1 Overview sets out the mandate for GPG for LULUCF
defines and describes the history of IPCC good practice guidance and its relationship to the IPCC Guidelines
summarises the practical advice provided to inventory agencies
discusses policy relevance
Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas : Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas 2.1 Introduction
2.2 Land-Use Categories
2.3 Representing Land Areas
Annexes and Appendices : Annexes and Appendices Chapter 2:
Annex 2A.1 Examples of Approaches in Individual Countries
Annex 2A.2 Examples of International Land Cover Datasets
Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas : Chapter 2 Basis for Consistent Representation of Land Areas provides advice on different approaches for representing land area depending on the data available
provides 3 approaches for representing land areas (not hierarchical) six broad categories of land use that provide the basis for more detailed discussion in the chapters that follow
advice on the development of land-use databases and some examples on their usage to approaches Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data
Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change
Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Forest land
Cropland
Grassland
Wetlands
Settlements
Other land
Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data : Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data most common approach
uses area datasets likely to have been prepared for other purposes such as forestry or agricultural statistics
Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data : Approach 1 – Basic Land-Use data
Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change : Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change include more information on changes between categories
more data intensive than Approach 1 but can account for all land-use transitions
Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change : Approach 2 – Survey of land use and land-use change Initial Final
Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data : Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Requires spatially explicit data of land use and land-use change (location, boundaries)
Subdivide area into spatial units (e.g. grid cells) appropriate to the scale of land-use variation
Requires sampling sufficient for spatial interpolation
Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data : Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data 2000 2001 Complete Coverage of all grid cells
Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data : Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Regular sampling grid 2000 2001
Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data : Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Irregular sampling grid 2000 2001
Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data : Approach 3 – Geographically explicit land use data Grid cells can also be aggregated into polygons 2000 2001 F
Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance : Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance 3.1 Introduction
3.2 Forest Land
3.3 Cropland
3.4 Grassland
3.5 Wetlands
3.6 Settlements
3.7 Other land
Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance : Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance organised using six land-use categories, broad carbon pools and non-CO2 gases, and by tier LU Categories
Forest land
Cropland
Grassland
Wetlands
Settlements
Other land C Pools
Living biomass
Dead organic matter
Soils Non-CO2
CH4
N2O
NOx
CO Tiers
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Slide28 : Carbon pools
Land-Use Categories and C-Pools (“X” denotes that methodologies are provided in the GPG-LULUCF) : Land-Use Categories and C-Pools (“X” denotes that methodologies are provided in the GPG-LULUCF)
Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance : Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance provides advice on the estimation of emissions and removals of CO2 and non-CO2 greenhouse gases
decision trees guide the choice of method according to national circumstances Methodological Issues
Choice of Method
Choice of EF
Choice of AD
Completeness
Developing a consistent time series
Reporting and Documentation
Inventory QA/QC
Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance : Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance default values of emission factors/parameters and activity data
Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance : Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance simple tables are provided to assist countries with the linkage to the IPCC Guidelines and good practices on the default methods in the IPCC Guidelines are clearly identified Table 3.1.1 - mapping between GL96 categories and GPG-LULUCF categories ……
Forest land : Forest land
Cropland : Cropland
Grassland : Grassland
Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance : Chapter 3: LUCF Sector Good Practice Guidance also provides appendices covering wetlands and settlements, for which the IPCC Guidelines provide only limited advice and harvested wood products (HWP), which remain under consideration by the UNFCCC.
Annexes and Appendices : Annexes and Appendices Chapter 3:
Annex 3A.1 Biomass Default Tables for Section 3.2 Forest Land
Annex 3A.2 Reporting Tables and Worksheets
Appendix 3a.1 Harvested wood products: Basis for future methodological development
Appendix 3a.2 Non-CO2 Emissions from drainage and rewetting of forest soils: Basis for future methodological development
Appendix 3a.3 Wetlands remaining wetlands: Basis for future methodological development
Appendix 3a.4 Settlements: Basis for future methodological development
Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol : Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol 4.1 Introduction
4.2 Methods for Estimation, Measurement, Monitoring and Reporting of LULUCF Activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4
4.3 LULUCF Projects
Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol : Chapter 4 Supplementary methods and good practice guidance arising from the Kyoto Protocol Generally apply to Annex B Parties (emission cap)
Provisions are fixed in the Kyoto Protocol and the Marrakesh Accords of the UNFCCC
Additional classification of land areas
Parties need to
choose certain parameters (e.g. thresholds in the definition of forest)
apply additional methods
report annually on lands subject to:
Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4) : Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4)
Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4) : Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4)
Slide43 : Kyoto Protocol Issues (Chapter 4) GPG-LULUCF gives guidance on
how to identify land areas that are subject to Article 3.3 and Article 3.4 activities
which pools are to be reported
For which years C-stock changes and GHG emission are to be reported
For each Article 3.3 and 3.4 activity GPG-LULUCF gives guidance on:
Activity-specific issues relating to identifying land areas and reporting requirements
The choice of method for estimating carbon stock changes and non-CO2 emissions
Projects (CDM & JI) (Section 4.3) : Projects (CDM & JI) (Section 4.3) GPG-LULUCF is mostly about national inventories
Section 4.3 is exceptional (and new compared to the 1996 IPCC Guidelines):
gives guidance on inventorying LULUCF projects (typically recommends the use of higher tiers)
gives guidance on defining project boundaries (for JI), measuring, monitoring and estimating changes in carbon stocks and non-CO2 GHGs
gives detailed guidance on sampling design and statistical methods
Projects (CDM & JI) (Section 4.3) : Projects (CDM & JI) (Section 4.3)
GPG-LULUCF does not address CDM-specific issues, such as baseline, non-permanence, additionality, leakage, uncertainties, and socio-economic and environmental impacts (these were negotiated at COP9 of the UNFCCC)
Annexes and Appendices : Annexes and Appendices Chapter 4:
Annex 4A.1 Tool for estimation of changes in soil carbon stocks associated with management changes in croplands and grazing lands based on IPCC default data
Annex 4A.2Examples of allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass and belowground biomass of trees
Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues : Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues 5.1 Introduction
5.2 Identifying and Quantifying Uncertainties
5.3 Sampling
5.4 Methodological Choice -Identification of Key Categories
5.5 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
5.6 Time Series Consistency and Recalculations
5.7 Verification
Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues : Chapter 5 Cross-Cutting Issues provides advice on applying the key category concept in GPG2000 to cover sinks
provides advice on:
quality assurance and quality control
reconstruction of missing data
time series consistency
collecting and analysing data by sampling
quantification and combination of uncertainties
verification by means of comparison with inventories in other countries, independently compiled datasets, modelling approaches and direct measurements on land and/or atmosphere.
PART 2 - KEY CATEGORIES ANALYSIS WITH LULUCF (GPG-LULUCF) : PART 2 - KEY CATEGORIES ANALYSIS WITH LULUCF (GPG-LULUCF) GPG2000
the concept was named “key source categories” and dealt with the inventory excluding the LULUCF sector. GPG-LULUCF
the term "key category" is used to better reflect that both sources and sinks are included.
GPG2000 vs. GPG-LULUCF : GPG2000 vs. GPG-LULUCF Both provide Quantitative and Qualitative approaches
Same decision tree to identify key categories
Same equations (format), spreadsheet, and threshold value
Due to inclusion of sinks, some parameters have to be modified to reflect absolute values
Quantitative Approach -Tier 1 Method Level Assessment : Quantitative Approach -Tier 1 Method Level Assessment
Equation 5.4.1
Key Category Level Assessment =
│Source or Sink Category Estimate│ / Total Contribution
Lx,t *= Ex,t */ Et*
Where:
Lx,t * = level assessment for source or sink x in year t (The asterisk * indicates that contributions from all categories (including LULUCF categories) are entered as absolute values.
Ex,t *= │Ex,t│= absolute value of emission or removal estimate of source or sink category x in year t
Et* = │Ex,t│= total contribution, which is the sum of the absolute values of emissions and removals in year t. The asterisk (*) indicates that contributions from all categories (including LULUFC categories) enter as absolute values.
Trend Assessment (Tier 1) : Trend Assessment (Tier 1) Equation 5.4.2
Source or Sink Category Trend Assessment = (Source or Sink Category Level Assessment) • | (Source or Sink Category Trend – Total Trend) |
Tx,t* = Ex,t* / Et • | [( Ex,t – Ex,0 ) / Ex,t ] –
[ ( Et – E0 ) / Et] |
Where:
Tx,t* = trend assessment, which is the contribution of the source or sink category trend to the overall inventory trend. The Trend Assessment is always recorded as an absolute value, i.e., a negative value is always recorded as the equivalent positive value. The asterisk (*) indicates that, in contrast to Equation 7.2, in Chapter 7 of the GPG2000, LULUCF sources and sinks can be evaluated using this equation.
Ex,t* = Ex,t absolute value of emission or removal estimate of source or sink category x in year t
Ex,t and Ex,0 = real values of estimates of source or sink category x in years t and 0, respectively
Et and E0 = and total inventory estimates in years t and 0, respectivelyEt and E0 differ from Et* and E0* in Equation 5.4.1 in that removals are not entered as absolute values.
Tier 2 Method – Level Assessment : Tier 2 Method – Level Assessment Equation 5.4.4
Level Assessment, with Uncertainty =
Tier 1 Level Assessment ● Relative Source Uncertainty
LUx,t = Lx,t ● Ux,t
Note: The key categories are identified by accounting for those that add up to 90% of the total value of the total LUx,t (Rypdal & Flugsrud, 2001).
Qualitative Consideration : Qualitative Consideration Mitigation techniques and technologies
High expected growth of emissions or removals
High uncertainty
Unexpectedly high or low emissions or removals
Large stocks
Deforestation
Completeness
Policy Relevance : Policy Relevance Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 5 are relevant to all countries to estimate emissions/removals from LULUCF Sector, whether or not KP is ratified
First 2 sections of Chapter 4 provide supplementary information to that in Chapters 2, 3 and 5, which is relevant only to Annex I countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol.
Section 4.3 (LULUCF Projects) is relevant to all countries that will undertake projects under the Articles 6 or 12 of the Kyoto Protocol.
Policy Relevance : Policy Relevance some issues remain under consideration for some emission/removal categories are put in the appendix:
harvested wood products (the material provided is in an appendix rather than part of the main text, since SBSTA is still considering this issue)
Settlements and wetlands are land-use categories for which limited methodological guidance was provided in the IPCC Guidelines, but a great deal of scientific work has been done since GL96.
This applies also to non-CO2 emissions from drainage and rewetting of forests soils.
Policy Relevance : Policy Relevance Countries do not have to prepare estimates for categories contained in appendices, although they can do so if they desire.
The IPCC Guidelines do not explicitly include losses from natural disturbances in managed forests (omitting the effect of these disturbances would overestimate C uptakes). GPG therefore provides guidance on how to account for them.
For Kyoto Protocol reporting, Chapter 4 is intended to provide policy-neutral scientific operationalisation of the COP7 agreement in terms of annual reporting.
Conclusions : Conclusions
Steps in LULUCF inventory preparation : Steps in LULUCF inventory preparation Use the 3 approaches (Chapter 2) to estimate land areas for each land-use category relevant to your country
Follow the good practice guidance (Chapter 3) to estimate the emissions and removals of GHGs for each land use, land-use change and pool relevant to your country. Perform key category analysis. If necessary collect additional data to improve data quality.
Estimate uncertainties, report emissions/removals, and implement Quality assurance/quality control procedures (Chapter 5).
(if required: prepare supplementary information for Kyoto Protocol reporting (follow Chapter 4))
Conclusions : Conclusions it is through good practice guidance and uncertainty management that a sound basis can be provided to produce more reliable estimates of the magnitude of absolute and trend uncertainties in GHG inventories than has been achieved previously
whatever the level of complexity of the inventory, good practice provides improved understanding of how uncertainties may be managed to produce emissions estimates that are acceptable for the purposes of the UNFCCC (i.e. transparency, consistency, comparability, completeness and accuracy in inventories), and for the scientific work associated with GHG inventories.
Conclusions : Conclusions The development of Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF is a step in the IPCC’s on-going programme of inventory development and will also support future revisions of the IPCC Guidelines themselves….
Slide63 : http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp