stages-of-the-holocaust

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Anti-Semitism / Stages of the Holocaust:

Anti-Semitism / Stages of the Holocaust World History

History of Anti-Semitism:

History of Anti-Semitism Cultural differences made the Jews standout Jews generally lived in close-knit communities Have been demonized, discriminated against by Christians for 2000 years Christianity needed Judaism as a contrast - to make Christianity look better, to act as a scapegoat

History of Anti-Semitism:

History of Anti-Semitism 30 CE - Christ is killed. 325 CE - Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire. Jews negatively portrayed. 5th-7th Centuries - Violence escalates Middle Ages - Jews less than human, killed in the Crusades, demonized, blamed for Black Death

History of Anti-Semitism:

History of Anti-Semitism Renaissance/Reformation - Jews had to wear badges or cones on head, in Italy and Germany they were separated into ghettos Spanish Inquisition 17th-18th Century tensions eased

Anti-Semitism in Germany:

Anti-Semitism in Germany .08% of population (~500,000) Fully integrated into Germany society Supported WWI and the German Empire Mostly lived in large cities

Anti-Semitism in Germany:

Anti-Semitism in Germany Hitler blamed Jews/Marxists for loss of WWI The Aryan Race - “Pure Germans” superior Incorrectly names Jews as a race Struggle for world domination History and biology changed to match anti-Semitic views

Boycott of Jewish Businesses:

Boycott of Jewish Businesses 1933 - Germany Sets up idea that Jews are not Germans and isolates them

Slide 8:

SA pickets, wearing boycott signs, block the entrance to a Jewish-owned shop. The signs read: "Germans, defend yourselves against the Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops!" and "Germans, defend yourselves, buy only at German shops!"

Slide 9:

Two Nazi stormtroopers stand guard in front of the H. L. Heimann store in Bopfingen, to prevent would-be shoppers from violating the Nazi boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.

Nuremberg Laws:

Nuremberg Laws Germany - 1935 Defined who was a Jew Deprived Jews of political rights

Kristallnacht:

Kristallnacht 1938 - Germany “Night of the Broken Glass” Organized violence against Jews throughout Germany and Austria

Slide 15:

The fire department only made sure the fire did not spread to the building next to the synagogue

Slide 16:

View of the interior of the Essenweinstrasse synagogue in Nuremberg following its destruction during Kristallnacht.

Ghettos:

Ghettos 1939-45 - German occupied territories Small areas of a city where Jews were isolated

Einsatzgruppen:

Einsatzgruppen 1941 - Poland and Russia Mobile Killing Squads

Deportations:

Deportations 1939-1945 - Throughout Europe Movement of Jews to ghettos and then to camps

Slide 27:

Jews board a deportation train at the railroad station in Würzburg.

Slide 28:

Hundreds of Jews wait to board deportation trains at the railroad station in Würzburg. Their luggage and bed rolls are piled in the center of the platform.

Slide 29:

Jews from the Lodz ghetto board deportation trains for the Chelmno death camp

Camps:

Camps 1939-1945 - Throughout Europe Different types: labor camps, concentration camps, and death camps

Slide 33:

“Work makes one free”

Slide 34:

Human remains found in the Dachau concentration camp crematorium after liberation. Germany, April 1945.

Liberation:

Liberation 1944-45 - Throughout Europe Allies liberate camps