Childhood Obesity info

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Less Active Lifestyles Info From Mr. Idris J. Al-Oboudi On Childhood obesity Data and Photos provided By: Mr. Richard J. Jackson, MD, MPH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces andamp; Mr. Glen Schmidt gschmidt@schmidtdesign.com Thank you

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Less Active Lifestyles

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Televisions are on more than 71/2 hours a day in the typical home   The average American spends over 4 hours per day watching TV Nielsen Media Research 2000

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Technology Indoor activities, highly stimulating Entertainment

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 1990 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

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Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001 Source: Mokdad A H, et al. J Am Med Assoc 1999;282:16, 2001;286:10.

Prevalence (%) of overweight among children and adolescents ages 6-19 years: 

Prevalence (%) of overweight among children and adolescents ages 6-19 years Source: 1999-2000 NHANES Average 11 y.o. boy today is 11 pounds heavier than in 1973

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Distribution of Modifiable Risk Factors and Relative Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among 84,941 Women in the Nurses’ Health Study, 1980 to 1996 Body-mass index andlt;23.0 23.0-24.9 25.0-29.9 30.0-34.9 andgt;35.0 121 202 884 885 759 1.00 2.67 7.59 20.10 38.80 No. of Cases Relative Risk Source: The New England Journal of Medicine, Sept. 13, 2001

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Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1993-94 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).

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Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1995-96 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).

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Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1997-98 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).

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Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1999 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).

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Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends Among Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 2001 Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).

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Conclusions:  'Increased body weight was associated with increased death rates for all cancers combined and for cancers at multiple specific sites.'

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Technology / Urban Environments = Stress Disconnect from Nature

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Depression Depressive Disorders 19 million American adults Leading cause of disability in the U.S. and worldwide Source: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 2001

Surgeon General’s Report: 

Surgeon General’s Report 21 percent of U.S. children ages nine to 17 have a diagnosable mental or addictive disorder associated with at least minimum impairment US DHHS 1999

Antidepressant Rx in US: 

Antidepressant Rx in US

Parks and open space counter these trends in two equally important ways: 

Parks and open space counter these trends in two equally important ways

Parks and Open Space: 

Parks and Open Space Provide a place for activities and exercise Lure people outdoors and in contact with nature

Parks and Open Space: 

Parks and Open Space Providing a place for activities and exercise

Physical Activity Decreases Cancer Risk: 

Physical Activity Decreases Cancer Risk Regular Physical Activity Decreases the risk of colon (~50%) and breast cancer (~25%) Probably decreases the risk of prostate cancer May reduce the risk of lung and endometrial cancer Friedenreich CM, J Nutr 2002 Hardman AE, Proc Nutr Soc 2001

Daylight: 

Melatonin Lower levels in Daylight and when alert. Higher levels with darkness and sleepiness. Daylight

Exercise: 

Serotonin—Higher levels with exercise. Low levels associated with depression. Prevention and treatment of depression Exercise

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Americans Would Prefer to Walk More Walk More Drive N.A. Source: Belden, Russonello andamp; Stewart national telephone survey, Oct. 30, 2002

Parks and Open Space: 

Parks and Open Space Lure people outdoors and in contact with nature

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Fredrick Law Olmsted 'The beauty of rural scenery is a restorative antidote to the artificiality and oppression of urban conditions'

Restorative Benefits of Nature: 

Restorative Benefits of Nature Following gallbladder surgery, patients with views of nature recovered quicker, required less pain medication, had less complaints about their care and more…. Ulrich, R.S. 1984. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery. Science 224:420-421.

Children’s Contact with Nature: 

Children’s Contact with Nature School age children with ADHD who had higher contact with nature showed better concentration, task completion, and following of directions. Coping with ADD: The Surprising Connection to Green Play Settings' Environment and Behavior, 33 (1), 54-77 AF Taylor, FE Kuo, WC Sullivan, 2001

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Public park facilities need to provide a balance of both…. ACTIVE (Physical) and PASSIVE (Restorative) …recreational opportunities

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Regional Open Space Parks Retain large amounts of high value habitat Can provide opportunities to immerse visitors in a natural setting (nature) Provide important buffers from development Elfin Forest Open Space Preserve, Escondido, CA

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Sports Parks Exercise through highly programmed athletic activities Large geographic draw Highly represented with large organizations, pressure to expand Space intensive, large flat open space