blackholes6 luther

Title Page : Title Page


What is a Black Hole? : What is a Black Hole? Definition: a place where the escape velocity is faster than the speed of light.


Close-up Picture of a Black Hole : Close-up Picture of a Black Hole


Escape Velocity : Escape Velocity Definition: the velocity at which something must travel away from an object such that the gravity of the object cannot stop it.


Escape Velocity (2) : Escape Velocity (2) Escape velocity depends on the gravity of the object


Escape Velocity (3) : Escape Velocity (3) Low mass Medium mass High mass Very high mass for a given radius ^


Escape Velocity (4) : Escape Velocity (4) radius decreases increases


What is a Black Hole? : What is a Black Hole? It’s an object of high enough mass and small enough radius such that the escape velocity is faster than light. Nothing can escape.


The First Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The First Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in


Down the Drain : Down the Drain


Forcing the Issue : Forcing the Issue The force of gravity from an object depends on 1) the mass of the object 2) your distance from it Black holes are really massive, And you can get really, really close But this means…. So if it’s really massive, or you’re really close, the force is high.


Forcing the Issue (2) : Forcing the Issue (2) The force you feel CHANGES as you get closer. Something closer to the black hole feels MORE force. If you fall in feet first, you have a problem. STRETTTTTCH!


There is a Tide : There is a Tide The change in force is called a TIDE Tides on surface of Earth (distance = 6400 km) : 1/1,000,000th of a g BLACK HOLE TIDES (for a 3 solar mass black hole)


The Second Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Second Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification


Why the long face? : Why the long face?


Why the long face? : Why the long face?


The Third Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Third Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification Be near one when it’s born Be near one when it’s born


Cold War, Hot Topic : Cold War, Hot Topic Vela Satellites flown to detect nuclear explosions on Earth in 1960s and 1970s by looking for gamma rays Over their lifetime, they detected 73 events. NOT ONE WAS OF THIS EARTH


Gamma Ray Bursts : Gamma Ray Bursts GRBs happen every day, somewhere in the Universe


The Birth of a Black Hole : The Birth of a Black Hole Hypernova! Coalescing neutron stars


Birth Pangs : Birth Pangs Energy generated in a GRB = 1052 ergs This is 10x the Sun’s total energy over its entire lifetime. Enough energy to vaporize the Earth 100 billion times over.


Pfffssssst! : Pfffssssst!


NASA’s Swift Response : NASA’s Swift Response Swift will detect >100 GRBs per year Due for launch in spring 2004


The Fourth Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Fourth Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification Be near one when it’s born Be near one when it dies


Pare Production : Pare Production Particles created here Buh bye! Free at last! Black hole Hawking Radiation: 2 particles created, one particle leaves Net Effect: Black holes radiate away energy


Size Does Matter : Size Does Matter Hawking radiation depends on size/mass of the black hole: smaller holes radiate faster! In fact, radiation emitted goes as 1/mass3 Stellar black hole lives for 1067 years A mini black hole (mass =1012 kg) would be exploding now Emits higher energy radiation faster as size shrinks. KABOOM!


The Fifth Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Fifth Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification Be near one when it’s born Just passing through Be near one when it dies


not It’s a Wonderful Day in the Neighborhood : not It’s a Wonderful Day in the Neighborhood


Orbit Simulation : Orbit Simulation Go to orbit animation


The Sixth Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Sixth Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification Be near one when it’s born Just passing through Be nearby when they merge Be near one when it dies


When Galaxies Collide : When Galaxies Collide


Wave Bye Bye : Wave Bye Bye Gravitational waves expand and contract space itself


The Long and the Short of It : The Long and the Short of It


ESA’s Response: LISA : ESA’s Response: LISA 3 “Wagon wheels” That will detect passing gravitational waves Target launch: 2011


The Seventh Way A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Seventh Way A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification Be near one when it’s born Just passing through Be nearby when they merge Be near one when it dies Fried by the light


Traveling Companion : Traveling Companion HD 226868: just your typical bloated supergiant star… but it has a secret HD 226868 in X-rays (100,000x energy of Sun!) Cygnus X-1 Hey, where is it?


The Hideous Vortex : The Hideous Vortex


Disks and Fields and Jets, Oh My : Disks and Fields and Jets, Oh My


The Sky by Eye : The Sky by Eye


DIRBE’s Milky Way : DIRBE’s Milky Way


EXTREME Close up : EXTREME Close up


The Monster in the Middle : The Monster in the Middle


Not-so-compact Disk : Not-so-compact Disk


Video Disk : Video Disk


Angry Neighbors : Angry Neighbors Cygnus A M 87 (600 million light years) (60 million light years)


Blast from the Past : Blast from the Past


Our GLAST Resort : Our GLAST Resort Gamma-Ray Large Area Space Telescope Launch in 2006 GLAST will see thousands of active galaxies


The Seven Ways A Black Hole Can Kill You : The Seven Ways A Black Hole Can Kill You 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Falling in Spaghettification Be near one when it’s born Just passing through Be nearby when they merge Fried by the light Be near one when it dies


What’s on the other side…? : What’s on the other side…?