Dillon

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What are Alternative Media? Formerly 'the dissident press' 'Anyone can be a publisher' Heavy use by 'Generation Y'

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Why Study Alternative Media? Increased consumer preference Influence on socio-cultural views Political effect

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Sampling Frame: How Derived? Recommendation by Chris Atton Newspaper / Magazine reviews Current-event-oriented agencies Longevity andamp; relative popularity

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Sites Evaluated: www.alternet.org http://counterpunch.com www.dailykos.com www.drudgereport.com www.indymedia.org www.instapundit.com

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Sites Evaluated: www.mediachannel.org www.motherjones.com www.moveon.org www.nationalreview.com www.oneworld.net www.papertiger.org

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Sites Evaluated: www.progressive.com www.rense.com www.schnews.org.uk http://slate.msn.com www.squall.co.uk www.villagevoice.com

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Content analysis of 18 Alt Media sites Procedures Timeframe: June 7 – June 19, 2004 Unit of analysis: Entire site w/'index' focus Coders visited each site 4 times Secondary coder checked reliability Most variables coded on 7-point Likert scale Analyses performed with SPSS software

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Alt Media defy easy classification Assessment Difficulties Revenue andamp; circulation goals differ Non-traditional marketing Difficulty applying quantitative measures

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Self-presentation Key Variables Political Ideology Journalistic Diversity andamp; Objectivity Degree of Professionalism Use of graphics Update schedule Iraqi War / President Bush / Reagan death

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78% do not self-brand as radical / extreme Results Almost all sites were irreverent of existing social order, using punditry andamp; humor Exception: OneWorld.net Revenue generation greatly varied Most sites were liberal in tone Non-advertiser supported … liberal Exception: Drudge, National Review, Slate

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80% advocated liberalized social change Results Traditional editorial objectivity - LOW 4 sites had responsible fact-sourcing The most non-objective produced with 'horizontal' production model Mostly 'anti-big-media' Non-advertiser supported … liberal Most are polarizing – not uniting

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Half of the sites featured news, information andamp; opinion on Iraqi War War in Iraq Info usually atop Index page / very visible Most weren’t concerned with hourly news

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War Views vs. Editorial Diversity

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All but 5 sites engaged in 'Bush-bashing' 'Bush-bashing' 13 of 18 sites proffered no alternative candidate or preferred party stance Notable: MoveOn.org 14 sites – 'Anybody but Bush'

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'Bush-bashing' Source: Rense.com

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'Bush-bashing' Source: Squall.co.uk

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When used as a dependent variable in a one-way ANOVA…'Bush-bashing' largely explained by… 'Bush-bashing' Sites’ anti-war sentiment (p andlt; .001) Liberalness of political rhetoric (p andlt; .01)

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What’s the alternative? Conclusions Eager to change society…few state how Quick to differentiate themselves from traditional media Strive to embolden social consciousness Demographics of new media users suggests the importance of alt media Future research: End user effects

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Vitriolic Semantic Touchstones Indulgent Insurgent Activist Adversarial Cynical Anti-sites Resistance Anti-Partisan Provocative Rhetoric to Sting