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Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript The Mote Revolution:Low Power Wireless Sensor Network Devices: The Mote Revolution: Low Power Wireless Sensor Network Devices University of California, Berkeley Joseph Polastre Robert Szewczyk Cory Sharp David Culler Outline: Outline Trends and Applications Mote History and Evolution Design Principles Telos Faster, Smaller, Numerous: Faster, Smaller, Numerous Moore’s Law 'Stuff' (transistors, etc) doubling every 1-2 years Bell’s Law New computing class every 10 years year log (people per computer) Streaming Data to/from the Physical World Applications: Applications Environmental Monitoring Habitat Monitoring Integrated Biology Structural Monitoring Interactive and Control Pursuer-Evader Intrusion Detection Automation Density andamp; Scale Sample Rate andamp; Precision Mobility Low Latency Disconnection andamp; Lifetime Open Experimental Platform: Networking Open Experimental Platform TinyOS Services Commercial Off The Shelf Components (COTS) Slide6: Mote Evolution Low Power Operation: Low Power Operation Efficient Hardware Integration and Isolation Complementary functionality (DMA, USART, etc) Selectable Power States (Off, Sleep, Standby) Operate at low voltages and low current Run to cut-off voltage of power source Efficient Software Fine grained control of hardware Utilize wireless broadcast medium Aggregate Typical WSN Application: Typical WSN Application Periodic Data Collection Network Maintenance Majority of operation Triggered Events Detection/Notification Infrequently occurs But… must be reported quickly and reliably Long Lifetime Months to Years without changing batteries Power management is the key to WSN success sleep wakeup processing data acquisition communication Power Time Design Principles: Design Principles Key to Low Duty Cycle Operation: Sleep – majority of the time Wakeup – quickly start processing Active – minimize work andamp; return to sleep Sleep: Sleep Majority of time, node is asleep andgt;99% Minimize sleep current through Isolating and shutting down individual circuits Using low power hardware Need RAM retention Run auxiliary hardware components from low speed oscillators (typically 32kHz) Perform ADC conversions, DMA transfers, and bus operations while microcontroller core is stopped Wakeup: Overhead of switching from Sleep to Active Mode Wakeup Microcontroller Radio (FSK) 10ns – 4ms typical 1– 10 ms typical 2.5 ms 292 ns Active: Active Microcontroller Fast processing, low active power Avoid external oscillators Radio High data rate, low power tradeoffs Narrowband radios Low power, lower data rate, simple channel encoding, faster startup Wideband radios More robust to noise, higher power, high data rates External Flash (stable storage) Data logging, network code reprogramming, aggregation High power consumption Long writes Radio vs. Flash 250kbps radio sending 1 byte Energy : 1.5mJ Duration : 32ms Atmel flash writing 1 byte Energy : 3mJ Duration : 78ms Telos Platform: Telos Platform A new platform for low power research Monitoring applications: Environmental Building Tracking Long lifetime, low power, low cost Built from application experiences and low duty cycle design principles Robustness Integrated antenna Integrated sensors Soldered connections Standards Based IEEE 802.15.4 USB IEEE 802.15.4 CC2420 radio 250kbps 2.4GHz ISM band TI MSP430 Ultra low power 1.6mA sleep 460mA active 1.8V operation Open embedded platform with open source tools, operating system (TinyOS), and designs. Low Power Operation: Low Power Operation TI MSP430 -- Advantages over previous motes 16-bit core 12-bit ADC 16 conversion store registers Sequence and repeat sequence programmable andlt; 50nA port leakage (vs. 1mA for Atmels) Double buffered data buses Interrupt priorities Calibrated DCO Buffers and Transistors Switch on/off each sensor and component subsystem Minimize Power Consumption: Minimize Power Consumption Compare to MicaZ: a Mica2 mote with AVR mcu and 802.15.4 radio Sleep Majority of the time Telos: 2.4mA MicaZ: 30mA Wakeup As quickly as possible to process and return to sleep Telos: 290ns typical, 6ms max MicaZ: 60ms max internal oscillator, 4ms external Active Get your work done and get back to sleep Telos: 4-8MHz 16-bit MicaZ: 8MHz 8-bit CC2420 RadioIEEE 802.15.4 Compliant: CC2420 Radio IEEE 802.15.4 Compliant CC2420 Fast data rate, robust signal 250kbps : 2Mchip/s : DSSS 2.4GHz : Offset QPSK : 5MHz 16 channels in 802.15.4 -94dBm sensitivity Low Voltage Operation 1.8V minimum supply Software Assistance for Low Power Microcontrollers 128byte TX/RX buffers for full packet support Automatic address decoding and automatic acknowledgements Hardware encryption/authentication Link quality indicator (assist software link estimation) samples error rate of first 8 chips of packet (8 chips/bit) Power Calculation ComparisonDesign for low power: Mica2 (AVR) 0.2 ms wakeup 30 mW sleep 33 mW active 21 mW radio 19 kbps 2.5V min 2/3 of AA capacity Power Calculation Comparison Design for low power MicaZ (AVR) 0.2 ms wakeup 30 mW sleep 33 mW active 45 mW radio 250 kbps 2.5V min 2/3 of AA capacity Telos (TI MSP) 0.006 ms wakeup 2 mW sleep 3 mW active 45 mW radio 250 kbps 1.8V min 8/8 of AA capacity Supporting mesh networking with a pair of AA batteries reporting data once every 3 minutes using synchronization (andlt;1% duty cycle) 328 days 945 days 453 days Integrated AntennaInverted-F Microstrip Antenna and SMA Connector: Integrated Antenna Inverted-F Microstrip Antenna and SMA Connector Inverted-F Psuedo Omnidirectional 50m range indoors 125m range outdoors Optimum at 2400-2460MHz SMA Connector Enabled by moving a capacitor andgt; 125m range Optimum at 2430-2483MHz Sensors: Sensors Integrated Sensors Sensirion SHT11 Humidity (3.5%) Temperature (0.5oC) Digital sensor Hamamatsu S1087 Photosynthetically active light Silicon diode Hamamatsu S1337-BQ Total solar light Silicon diode Expansion 6 ADC channels 4 digital I/O Existing sensor boards Magnetometer Ultrasound Accelerometer 4 PIR sensors Microphone Buzzer Conclusions: Conclusions New design approach derived from our experience with resource constrained wireless sensor networks Active mode needs to run quickly to completion Wakeup time is crucial for low power operation Wakeup time and sleep current set the minimal energy consumption for an application Sleep most of the time Tradeoffs between complexity/robustness and low power radios Careful integration of hardware and peripherals You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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hotchips 2004 motes FunSchool Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 737 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: June 18, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: rahulksonkhiya (16 month(s) ago) hey plz i need this ppt... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: thabetamer (41 month(s) ago) i need to download this file Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript The Mote Revolution:Low Power Wireless Sensor Network Devices: The Mote Revolution: Low Power Wireless Sensor Network Devices University of California, Berkeley Joseph Polastre Robert Szewczyk Cory Sharp David Culler Outline: Outline Trends and Applications Mote History and Evolution Design Principles Telos Faster, Smaller, Numerous: Faster, Smaller, Numerous Moore’s Law 'Stuff' (transistors, etc) doubling every 1-2 years Bell’s Law New computing class every 10 years year log (people per computer) Streaming Data to/from the Physical World Applications: Applications Environmental Monitoring Habitat Monitoring Integrated Biology Structural Monitoring Interactive and Control Pursuer-Evader Intrusion Detection Automation Density andamp; Scale Sample Rate andamp; Precision Mobility Low Latency Disconnection andamp; Lifetime Open Experimental Platform: Networking Open Experimental Platform TinyOS Services Commercial Off The Shelf Components (COTS) Slide6: Mote Evolution Low Power Operation: Low Power Operation Efficient Hardware Integration and Isolation Complementary functionality (DMA, USART, etc) Selectable Power States (Off, Sleep, Standby) Operate at low voltages and low current Run to cut-off voltage of power source Efficient Software Fine grained control of hardware Utilize wireless broadcast medium Aggregate Typical WSN Application: Typical WSN Application Periodic Data Collection Network Maintenance Majority of operation Triggered Events Detection/Notification Infrequently occurs But… must be reported quickly and reliably Long Lifetime Months to Years without changing batteries Power management is the key to WSN success sleep wakeup processing data acquisition communication Power Time Design Principles: Design Principles Key to Low Duty Cycle Operation: Sleep – majority of the time Wakeup – quickly start processing Active – minimize work andamp; return to sleep Sleep: Sleep Majority of time, node is asleep andgt;99% Minimize sleep current through Isolating and shutting down individual circuits Using low power hardware Need RAM retention Run auxiliary hardware components from low speed oscillators (typically 32kHz) Perform ADC conversions, DMA transfers, and bus operations while microcontroller core is stopped Wakeup: Overhead of switching from Sleep to Active Mode Wakeup Microcontroller Radio (FSK) 10ns – 4ms typical 1– 10 ms typical 2.5 ms 292 ns Active: Active Microcontroller Fast processing, low active power Avoid external oscillators Radio High data rate, low power tradeoffs Narrowband radios Low power, lower data rate, simple channel encoding, faster startup Wideband radios More robust to noise, higher power, high data rates External Flash (stable storage) Data logging, network code reprogramming, aggregation High power consumption Long writes Radio vs. Flash 250kbps radio sending 1 byte Energy : 1.5mJ Duration : 32ms Atmel flash writing 1 byte Energy : 3mJ Duration : 78ms Telos Platform: Telos Platform A new platform for low power research Monitoring applications: Environmental Building Tracking Long lifetime, low power, low cost Built from application experiences and low duty cycle design principles Robustness Integrated antenna Integrated sensors Soldered connections Standards Based IEEE 802.15.4 USB IEEE 802.15.4 CC2420 radio 250kbps 2.4GHz ISM band TI MSP430 Ultra low power 1.6mA sleep 460mA active 1.8V operation Open embedded platform with open source tools, operating system (TinyOS), and designs. Low Power Operation: Low Power Operation TI MSP430 -- Advantages over previous motes 16-bit core 12-bit ADC 16 conversion store registers Sequence and repeat sequence programmable andlt; 50nA port leakage (vs. 1mA for Atmels) Double buffered data buses Interrupt priorities Calibrated DCO Buffers and Transistors Switch on/off each sensor and component subsystem Minimize Power Consumption: Minimize Power Consumption Compare to MicaZ: a Mica2 mote with AVR mcu and 802.15.4 radio Sleep Majority of the time Telos: 2.4mA MicaZ: 30mA Wakeup As quickly as possible to process and return to sleep Telos: 290ns typical, 6ms max MicaZ: 60ms max internal oscillator, 4ms external Active Get your work done and get back to sleep Telos: 4-8MHz 16-bit MicaZ: 8MHz 8-bit CC2420 RadioIEEE 802.15.4 Compliant: CC2420 Radio IEEE 802.15.4 Compliant CC2420 Fast data rate, robust signal 250kbps : 2Mchip/s : DSSS 2.4GHz : Offset QPSK : 5MHz 16 channels in 802.15.4 -94dBm sensitivity Low Voltage Operation 1.8V minimum supply Software Assistance for Low Power Microcontrollers 128byte TX/RX buffers for full packet support Automatic address decoding and automatic acknowledgements Hardware encryption/authentication Link quality indicator (assist software link estimation) samples error rate of first 8 chips of packet (8 chips/bit) Power Calculation ComparisonDesign for low power: Mica2 (AVR) 0.2 ms wakeup 30 mW sleep 33 mW active 21 mW radio 19 kbps 2.5V min 2/3 of AA capacity Power Calculation Comparison Design for low power MicaZ (AVR) 0.2 ms wakeup 30 mW sleep 33 mW active 45 mW radio 250 kbps 2.5V min 2/3 of AA capacity Telos (TI MSP) 0.006 ms wakeup 2 mW sleep 3 mW active 45 mW radio 250 kbps 1.8V min 8/8 of AA capacity Supporting mesh networking with a pair of AA batteries reporting data once every 3 minutes using synchronization (andlt;1% duty cycle) 328 days 945 days 453 days Integrated AntennaInverted-F Microstrip Antenna and SMA Connector: Integrated Antenna Inverted-F Microstrip Antenna and SMA Connector Inverted-F Psuedo Omnidirectional 50m range indoors 125m range outdoors Optimum at 2400-2460MHz SMA Connector Enabled by moving a capacitor andgt; 125m range Optimum at 2430-2483MHz Sensors: Sensors Integrated Sensors Sensirion SHT11 Humidity (3.5%) Temperature (0.5oC) Digital sensor Hamamatsu S1087 Photosynthetically active light Silicon diode Hamamatsu S1337-BQ Total solar light Silicon diode Expansion 6 ADC channels 4 digital I/O Existing sensor boards Magnetometer Ultrasound Accelerometer 4 PIR sensors Microphone Buzzer Conclusions: Conclusions New design approach derived from our experience with resource constrained wireless sensor networks Active mode needs to run quickly to completion Wakeup time is crucial for low power operation Wakeup time and sleep current set the minimal energy consumption for an application Sleep most of the time Tradeoffs between complexity/robustness and low power radios Careful integration of hardware and peripherals