logging in or signing up 10 31 05 chaps 15 16 FunSchool Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 109 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 02, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Physics 55 Monday, October 31, 2005: Physics 55 Monday, October 31, 2005 Some elementary nuclear physics. Fusion reactions produce the Sun’s energy How do we know what we know.Cloud Chamber Demo of Nuclear Decays: Cloud Chamber Demo of Nuclear DecaysAstronomical Junk Food for Halloween: Astronomical Junk Food for HalloweenWater on Mars: Water on MarsPRS: Quarter-Day on October 31: PRS: Quarter-Day on October 31 What is the approximate RA and dec of the Sun on October 31, which is about half-way between the fall equinox and winter solstice? 3h +11.3o 9h +11.3o 15h -11.3o 21h -11.3o Some other values.Notation for Nuclei: Notation for Nuclei Example: carbon 12 with Z=6, A=12, N=6 126C Proton p has Z=A=1, N=0 Neutron n has Z=0, A=1, N=1Nuclear Reactions and Conservation Laws: Nuclear Reactions and Conservation Laws Conservation laws: Electrical charge Number of nucleons (baryon number) Momentum Angular momentum Mass-energyPRS Question: How to Balance a Nuclear Reaction: PRS Question: How to Balance a Nuclear Reaction What are values of x, y, z? x=3, y=2, z=3 x=3, y=3, z=2 x=11, y=3, z=2 x=11, y=2, z=3 x=10, y=3, z=2 x=10, y=2, z=3E=mc2: Mass and Energy Are Interchangeable: E=mc2: Mass and Energy Are Interchangeable Albert Einstein: 1879-1955 How Einstein Discovered His Formula: How Einstein Discovered His FormulaSmall Amount of Mass Can Release Enormous Amount of Energy: Small Amount of Mass Can Release Enormous Amount of Energy Energy from one grain of salt (0.1 mg) could lift the space shuttle of 2,000,000 kg how high? Equate gravitational energy mgh (valid near Earth’s surface) to mass energy E=mc2. Energy From Chemical or Nuclear Reactions: Final Mass is Less Than Initial Mass: Energy From Chemical or Nuclear Reactions: Final Mass is Less Than Initial Mass Any chemical reaction, here Br and P gives PBr3 + heat One-millionth of mass is converted Any nuclear reaction, here fission n + 235U yields smaller nuclei plus lots of energy. About 1% of mass is convertedImportant Point: Nuclear Energy Greater than Chemical Energy Because of Strong Interaction, Not Because of E=mc2.: Important Point: Nuclear Energy Greater than Chemical Energy Because of Strong Interaction, Not Because of E=mc2. Four ways that quantum particles interact with each other: Gravity Weak interaction Electrical interaction Strong interactionPRS Question: PRS Question If one squeezes a spring as shown, the mass m of the spring increases. decreases. remains unchanged.Creation of Matter Out of Energy: Creation of Matter Out of Energy Particle Tracks in Bubble Chamber circa 1950sEnergy to Mass Conversion in 2005 RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: Energy to Mass Conversion in 2005 RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderHow To Convert All of Mass into Energy? Antimatter!: How To Convert All of Mass into Energy? Antimatter! Watch out for trails of .511 MeV photons in space!Antimatter is Not Science Fiction Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scan: Antimatter is Not Science Fiction Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scan Healthy AlzheimerA Cosmological Mystery: Where is All the Antimatter?: A Cosmological Mystery: Where is All the Antimatter? When humans create antimatter at CERN or RHIC, we always see equal amounts of matter and antimatter being created. So why does observable universe just made of matter?Source of Energy: Fusion of Nuclei: Source of Energy: Fusion of Nuclei Solution required many radical discoveries and new theories: Discovery of radioactivity (Becquerel, 1900) Discovery of atomic and nuclear structure (1900-1920) Discovery of antimatter Einstein’s theory of special relativity, E=mc2 (1905) Invention of quantum mechanics (1905-1930)Fusion Occurs Only at High Temperatures: Fusion Occurs Only at High Temperatures Strong interaction Quantum tunneling helpsThe Proton-Proton Chain in the Sun’s Core: The Proton-Proton Chain in the Sun’s Core Simultaneous multiparticle collisions quite unlikely, proceed by pairwise collisions. Weak interaction, one of four fundamental forces, plays key role in fusion reactions. Chapter S4 has more info. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
10 31 05 chaps 15 16 FunSchool Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 109 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: November 02, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Physics 55 Monday, October 31, 2005: Physics 55 Monday, October 31, 2005 Some elementary nuclear physics. Fusion reactions produce the Sun’s energy How do we know what we know.Cloud Chamber Demo of Nuclear Decays: Cloud Chamber Demo of Nuclear DecaysAstronomical Junk Food for Halloween: Astronomical Junk Food for HalloweenWater on Mars: Water on MarsPRS: Quarter-Day on October 31: PRS: Quarter-Day on October 31 What is the approximate RA and dec of the Sun on October 31, which is about half-way between the fall equinox and winter solstice? 3h +11.3o 9h +11.3o 15h -11.3o 21h -11.3o Some other values.Notation for Nuclei: Notation for Nuclei Example: carbon 12 with Z=6, A=12, N=6 126C Proton p has Z=A=1, N=0 Neutron n has Z=0, A=1, N=1Nuclear Reactions and Conservation Laws: Nuclear Reactions and Conservation Laws Conservation laws: Electrical charge Number of nucleons (baryon number) Momentum Angular momentum Mass-energyPRS Question: How to Balance a Nuclear Reaction: PRS Question: How to Balance a Nuclear Reaction What are values of x, y, z? x=3, y=2, z=3 x=3, y=3, z=2 x=11, y=3, z=2 x=11, y=2, z=3 x=10, y=3, z=2 x=10, y=2, z=3E=mc2: Mass and Energy Are Interchangeable: E=mc2: Mass and Energy Are Interchangeable Albert Einstein: 1879-1955 How Einstein Discovered His Formula: How Einstein Discovered His FormulaSmall Amount of Mass Can Release Enormous Amount of Energy: Small Amount of Mass Can Release Enormous Amount of Energy Energy from one grain of salt (0.1 mg) could lift the space shuttle of 2,000,000 kg how high? Equate gravitational energy mgh (valid near Earth’s surface) to mass energy E=mc2. Energy From Chemical or Nuclear Reactions: Final Mass is Less Than Initial Mass: Energy From Chemical or Nuclear Reactions: Final Mass is Less Than Initial Mass Any chemical reaction, here Br and P gives PBr3 + heat One-millionth of mass is converted Any nuclear reaction, here fission n + 235U yields smaller nuclei plus lots of energy. About 1% of mass is convertedImportant Point: Nuclear Energy Greater than Chemical Energy Because of Strong Interaction, Not Because of E=mc2.: Important Point: Nuclear Energy Greater than Chemical Energy Because of Strong Interaction, Not Because of E=mc2. Four ways that quantum particles interact with each other: Gravity Weak interaction Electrical interaction Strong interactionPRS Question: PRS Question If one squeezes a spring as shown, the mass m of the spring increases. decreases. remains unchanged.Creation of Matter Out of Energy: Creation of Matter Out of Energy Particle Tracks in Bubble Chamber circa 1950sEnergy to Mass Conversion in 2005 RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: Energy to Mass Conversion in 2005 RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion ColliderHow To Convert All of Mass into Energy? Antimatter!: How To Convert All of Mass into Energy? Antimatter! Watch out for trails of .511 MeV photons in space!Antimatter is Not Science Fiction Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scan: Antimatter is Not Science Fiction Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scan Healthy AlzheimerA Cosmological Mystery: Where is All the Antimatter?: A Cosmological Mystery: Where is All the Antimatter? When humans create antimatter at CERN or RHIC, we always see equal amounts of matter and antimatter being created. So why does observable universe just made of matter?Source of Energy: Fusion of Nuclei: Source of Energy: Fusion of Nuclei Solution required many radical discoveries and new theories: Discovery of radioactivity (Becquerel, 1900) Discovery of atomic and nuclear structure (1900-1920) Discovery of antimatter Einstein’s theory of special relativity, E=mc2 (1905) Invention of quantum mechanics (1905-1930)Fusion Occurs Only at High Temperatures: Fusion Occurs Only at High Temperatures Strong interaction Quantum tunneling helpsThe Proton-Proton Chain in the Sun’s Core: The Proton-Proton Chain in the Sun’s Core Simultaneous multiparticle collisions quite unlikely, proceed by pairwise collisions. Weak interaction, one of four fundamental forces, plays key role in fusion reactions. Chapter S4 has more info.