LAB CS training

Slide1: 

League of American Bicyclists Implementing a Complete Streets Policy

Slide2: 

Source: 2000 FHWA Infrastructure Survey Why Complete Streets? League of American Bicyclists

Transportation: 

Half of all trips are shorter than 3 miles - a 15 minute bike ride 40% of U.S. adults say they would commute by bike if safe facilities are available Gallup poll – 2002: Half of U.S. adults in favor of providing bicycle and pedestrian facilities even if it means less space for automobiles References: 2001 National Household Transportation Survey, League of American Bicyclists Press Release Transportation League of American Bicyclists

More opportunities: 

There are 56 million walking trips in the U. S. everyday One in ten households do not own an automobile 1/3 of the population do not drive an automobile About one in ten trips are made by foot or bicycle already References: 2001 National Household Transportation Survey, League of American Bicyclists Press Release More opportunities League of American Bicyclists

Example - SCDOT PolicyJanuary 14, 2003: 

Example - SCDOT Policy January 14, 2003 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that . . . bicycling and walking accommodations should be a routine part of the department’s planning, design, construction and operating activities, and will be included in the everyday operations of our transportation system; and League of American Bicyclists

Example - SCDOT PolicyJanuary 14, 2003: 

Example - SCDOT Policy January 14, 2003 THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the South Carolina Department of Transportation Commission requires South Carolina counties and municipalities to make bicycling and pedestrian improvements an integral part of their transportation planning and programming where State or Federal Highway funding is utilized. League of American Bicyclists

Disproportionate Deaths: 

Percent of all trips made on foot or by bicycle? 8.5% Percent of all traffic fatalities that are pedestrians and bicyclists? 13% References: 2005 NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts, 2001 National Household Transportation Survey Disproportionate Deaths League of American Bicyclists

Focus of this training: 

Focus of this training Review some successful treatments. Work on “real life” scenarios relevant to your work. Help you determine the right balance of modes within the right-of-way. League of American Bicyclists

So what does a complete street look like?: 

So what does a complete street look like? League of American Bicyclists

Slide10: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide11: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide12: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide13: 

Cambridge, MA League of American Bicyclists

Slide14: 

Arlington, VA League of American Bicyclists

Slide15: 

League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

Slide17: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide18: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide19: 

League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

Realities: 

Realities Constrained rights-of-way High volumes of motor vehicle traffic Tight budgets Trade-offs are necessary in order to achieve a balance Modal priorities League of American Bicyclists

Slide22: 

League of American Bicyclists

Existing Guidelines: 

Existing Guidelines National Manual On Uniform Traffic Control (MUTCD 2003) AASHTO Green Book (2004) AASHTO Bicycle Design Guide (1999) AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004) ADAAG State SCDOT Bicycle Facility Design Guidance League of American Bicyclists

Slide24: 

Existing Guidelines Guidance Specific to Bicyclists and Pedestrians League of American Bicyclists

Roadway Design:: 

Roadway Design: Focus on moving high volumes of motor vehicle traffic as quickly and efficiently as possible. League of American Bicyclists

What Pedestrians Need:: 

What Pedestrians Need: Lower volumes of motor vehicle traffic moving at slow speeds, sidewalks, separation from traffic. League of American Bicyclists

Slide27: 

90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Fatalities based on speed of vehicle A pedestrian’s chance of death if hit by a motor vehicle 20 mph 30 mph 40 mph Killing Speed and Saving Lives, UK Department of Transportation League of American Bicyclists

Slide28: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide29: 

Crosswalk Refuge Refuge with Traffic Calming League of American Bicyclists

Slide30: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide31: 

Crossing Islands League of American Bicyclists

Slide32: 

Road diet – Watch it happen League of American Bicyclists

Slide33: 

Road diet – Watch it happen League of American Bicyclists

Slide34: 

Road diet – Watch it happen League of American Bicyclists

Sidewalk Width –4 feet: 

Sidewalk Width –4 feet League of American Bicyclists

Sidewalk Width – 4’: 

Sidewalk Width – 4’ 4’ sidewalk, 3’ grass utility strip League of American Bicyclists

Sidewalk Width – Benefits of 5 foot: 

Sidewalk Width – Benefits of 5 foot 5’ sidewalk, 2’ grass utility strip Two adults can walk side-by-side League of American Bicyclists

Sidewalk Width/Design – Brick utility strip: 

Sidewalk Width/Design – Brick utility strip 4’ sidewalk, 3’ brick utility strip League of American Bicyclists

Intersection Design: 

Intersection Design League of American Bicyclists

Slide40: 

No right-turn-on-red League of American Bicyclists

Slide41: 

Countdown signals League of American Bicyclists

Pedestrian Half-Signal: 

Pedestrian Half-Signal League of American Bicyclists

In-street signing: 

In-street signing League of American Bicyclists

Not for every location . . .: 

Not for every location . . . League of American Bicyclists

Slide45: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide46: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide47: 

SPACE! Lack of adequate space creates hazards for bicyclists and motorists What Bicyclists Need: League of American Bicyclists

Slide48: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide49: 

Effective travel width for bicyclists On-street parking encroachments Volume of motor vehicles Speed of traffic Proportion of heavy vehicles Pavement surface condition Common Roadway and Traffic Conditions that Affect Bicyclists League of American Bicyclists

Slide50: 

Level-of-Service BLOS Score A 1.5 B > 1.5 2.5 C > 2.5 3.5 D > 3.5 4.5 E > 4.5 5.5 F 5.5 Bicycle Level of Service Categories > > and and and and > > > > League of American Bicyclists

Slide51: 

Bicycle LOS A League of American Bicyclists

Slide52: 

Bicycle LOS E - F Photo by SCI League of American Bicyclists

Slide53: 

Bicycle LOS - Before Four-lane Road Average Daily Traffic Volume = 13,500 vpd Pavement Condition = Good Lane Widths = 12 feet wide Speed = 30 mph BLOS Evaluation: LOS score Category 3.58 D League of American Bicyclists

Slide54: 

Bicycle LOS - After Two-lane Road with Center Turn Lane Average Daily Traffic Volume = 13,500 vpd Pavement Condition = Good Lane Widths = 12 feet, plus 5 foot bike lanes Speed = 30 mph BLOS Evaluation: LOS score Category 2.07 B League of American Bicyclists

Slide55: 

Vol15 = volume of directional traffic in 15 minutes time period L = total number of through lanes SPt = effective speed limit (see below) SPt = 1.12ln(SPP -20) + 0.81 SPP = Posted speed limit HV = percentage of heavy vehicles PC5 = FHWA’s five point surface condition rating We = Average effective width of outside through lane For more info on suitability models, visit bicyclinginfo.org Online Calculator: http://www.bikelib.org/roads/blos/losform.htm Bicycle LOS = a1ln(Vol15/L) + a2SPt(1+10.38HV)2 + a3(1/PC5)2 - a4(We)2 + C Bicycle Level of Service Model League of American Bicyclists

Slide56: 

Minimum width: 4’ “any additional shoulder is better than none at all” Paved Shoulders League of American Bicyclists

Wide Curb Lanes: 

Wide Curb Lanes 14' Wide League of American Bicyclists

Slide58: 

Bike Lane Design League of American Bicyclists

Slide59: 

Bike lanes: Min. 5’ wide adjacent to a curb or parking Min. 4’ wide on an open section 5’ League of American Bicyclists

Slide60: 

OLD R3-17’s NEW R3-17 (2003 MUTCD) The BIKE LANE (R3-17) sign shall be used only in conjunction with marked bicycle lanes as described in Chapter 9C, and shall be placed at periodic intervals. League of American Bicyclists

Slide61: 

Restriping to Create Bike Lanes 7’ parking lane 5’ bike lane 10’ travel lane League of American Bicyclists

Current Cross Section: 

Current Cross Section Total Width 68' League of American Bicyclists

Future Cross Section: 

Future Cross Section 5' 11' 11' 14' 11' 11' 5' Center Turn Total Width 68' League of American Bicyclists

Slide64: 

Bicycle Level of Service Comparison League of American Bicyclists

Slide65: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide66: 

MUTCD, Figure 9C-3 League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

What lane should the bicyclist who is going straight use?: 

What lane should the bicyclist who is going straight use? League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

Advanced Bike Box - Dimensions: 

Advanced Bike Box - Dimensions League of American Bicyclists

Accommodating Bicycles at Merge Areas: 

Accommodating Bicycles at Merge Areas League of American Bicyclists

Slide73: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide74: 

Portland, OR League of American Bicyclists

Slide75: 

League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

Slide77: 

Photo by Andy Clarke League of American Bicyclists

Slide78: 

Signalized Intersections League of American Bicyclists

Slide79: 

Bicycle Detection League of American Bicyclists

Slide80: 

Signal Minimum Green Time v w + l g + y + r clear > t cross = tr + + 2a v Provides a bicyclist with adequate time to react, accelerate and cross the intersection, for actuated signals when the green time is short (i.e. during periods of low traffic flow). League of American Bicyclists

Slide81: 

Signal Total Clearance Interval v w + l y + r clear > tr + + 2b v League of American Bicyclists

Slide82: 

Angled Parking League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

Shared-Use Paths ("Sidepaths"): 

Shared-Use Paths ("Sidepaths") League of American Bicyclists

Slide88: 

League of American Bicyclists

Over half (58%) of all bicycle crashes occur at intersections: 

Over half (58%) of all bicycle crashes occur at intersections -Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996 League of American Bicyclists

Slide90: 

Motorist failed to yield crashes (Right on red light) -Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996 League of American Bicyclists

Slide91: 

Motorist failed to yield crashes (Driveway or Alley) -Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996 League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

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League of American Bicyclists

Facilitating movements between bike lanes and a trail: 

Facilitating movements between bike lanes and a trail League of American Bicyclists

Slide97: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide98: 

League of American Bicyclists

Bridge Design: 

Bridge Design League of American Bicyclists

Slide100: 

10’ League of American Bicyclists

Slide101: 

10’ League of American Bicyclists

Slide102: 

League of American Bicyclists

Shared Lane Markings: 

Shared Lane Markings League of American Bicyclists

Skewed Railroad Crossings: 

Skewed Railroad Crossings League of American Bicyclists

Slide105: 

League of American Bicyclists

Slide106: 

League of American Bicyclists

Road Maintenance: 

Road Maintenance Surface sweeping and repair Utility cuts Keep sidewalks, shoulder and bike lanes free from ridges Pavement overlays - opportunity to restripe with bike lanes Concrete sidewalks – root control League of American Bicyclists

Need more info?: 

Need more info? Join the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals (www.apbp.org) Go to www.bicyclinginfo.org or www.walkinginfo.org Get copies of AASHTO’s Pedestrian and Bicycle Guides, keep them handy Familiarize yourself with the new provisions for pedestrians and bicyclists in the latest edition of the MUTCD Visit www.completestreets.org League of American Bicyclists