LAB CS training

Slide1 : League of American Bicyclists Implementing a Complete Streets Policy


Slide2 : Source: 2000 FHWA Infrastructure Survey Why Complete Streets? League of American Bicyclists


Transportation : Half of all trips are shorter than 3 miles - a 15 minute bike ride 40% of U.S. adults say they would commute by bike if safe facilities are available Gallup poll – 2002: Half of U.S. adults in favor of providing bicycle and pedestrian facilities even if it means less space for automobiles References: 2001 National Household Transportation Survey, League of American Bicyclists Press Release Transportation League of American Bicyclists


More opportunities : There are 56 million walking trips in the U. S. everyday One in ten households do not own an automobile 1/3 of the population do not drive an automobile About one in ten trips are made by foot or bicycle already References: 2001 National Household Transportation Survey, League of American Bicyclists Press Release More opportunities League of American Bicyclists


Example - SCDOT PolicyJanuary 14, 2003 : Example - SCDOT Policy January 14, 2003 NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that . . . bicycling and walking accommodations should be a routine part of the department’s planning, design, construction and operating activities, and will be included in the everyday operations of our transportation system; and League of American Bicyclists


Example - SCDOT PolicyJanuary 14, 2003 : Example - SCDOT Policy January 14, 2003 THEREFORE, BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that the South Carolina Department of Transportation Commission requires South Carolina counties and municipalities to make bicycling and pedestrian improvements an integral part of their transportation planning and programming where State or Federal Highway funding is utilized. League of American Bicyclists


Disproportionate Deaths : Percent of all trips made on foot or by bicycle? 8.5% Percent of all traffic fatalities that are pedestrians and bicyclists? 13% References: 2005 NHTSA Traffic Safety Facts, 2001 National Household Transportation Survey Disproportionate Deaths League of American Bicyclists


Focus of this training : Focus of this training Review some successful treatments. Work on “real life” scenarios relevant to your work. Help you determine the right balance of modes within the right-of-way. League of American Bicyclists


So what does a complete street look like? : So what does a complete street look like? League of American Bicyclists


Slide10 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide11 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide12 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide13 : Cambridge, MA League of American Bicyclists


Slide14 : Arlington, VA League of American Bicyclists


Slide15 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide16 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide17 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide18 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide19 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide20 : League of American Bicyclists


Realities : Realities Constrained rights-of-way High volumes of motor vehicle traffic Tight budgets Trade-offs are necessary in order to achieve a balance Modal priorities League of American Bicyclists


Slide22 : League of American Bicyclists


Existing Guidelines : Existing Guidelines National Manual On Uniform Traffic Control (MUTCD 2003) AASHTO Green Book (2004) AASHTO Bicycle Design Guide (1999) AASHTO Pedestrian Design Guide (2004) ADAAG State SCDOT Bicycle Facility Design Guidance League of American Bicyclists


Slide24 : Existing Guidelines Guidance Specific to Bicyclists and Pedestrians League of American Bicyclists


Roadway Design: : Roadway Design: Focus on moving high volumes of motor vehicle traffic as quickly and efficiently as possible. League of American Bicyclists


What Pedestrians Need: : What Pedestrians Need: Lower volumes of motor vehicle traffic moving at slow speeds, sidewalks, separation from traffic. League of American Bicyclists


Slide27 : 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Fatalities based on speed of vehicle A pedestrian’s chance of death if hit by a motor vehicle 20 mph 30 mph 40 mph Killing Speed and Saving Lives, UK Department of Transportation League of American Bicyclists


Slide28 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide29 : Crosswalk Refuge Refuge with Traffic Calming League of American Bicyclists


Slide30 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide31 : Crossing Islands League of American Bicyclists


Slide32 : Road diet – Watch it happen League of American Bicyclists


Slide33 : Road diet – Watch it happen League of American Bicyclists


Slide34 : Road diet – Watch it happen League of American Bicyclists


Sidewalk Width –4 feet : Sidewalk Width –4 feet League of American Bicyclists


Sidewalk Width – 4’ : Sidewalk Width – 4’ 4’ sidewalk, 3’ grass utility strip League of American Bicyclists


Sidewalk Width – Benefits of 5 foot : Sidewalk Width – Benefits of 5 foot 5’ sidewalk, 2’ grass utility strip Two adults can walk side-by-side League of American Bicyclists


Sidewalk Width/Design – Brick utility strip : Sidewalk Width/Design – Brick utility strip 4’ sidewalk, 3’ brick utility strip League of American Bicyclists


Intersection Design : Intersection Design League of American Bicyclists


Slide40 : No right-turn-on-red League of American Bicyclists


Slide41 : Countdown signals League of American Bicyclists


Pedestrian Half-Signal : Pedestrian Half-Signal League of American Bicyclists


In-street signing : In-street signing League of American Bicyclists


Not for every location . . . : Not for every location . . . League of American Bicyclists


Slide45 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide46 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide47 : SPACE! Lack of adequate space creates hazards for bicyclists and motorists What Bicyclists Need: League of American Bicyclists


Slide48 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide49 : Effective travel width for bicyclists On-street parking encroachments Volume of motor vehicles Speed of traffic Proportion of heavy vehicles Pavement surface condition Common Roadway and Traffic Conditions that Affect Bicyclists League of American Bicyclists


Slide50 : Level-of-Service BLOS Score A 1.5 B > 1.5 2.5 C > 2.5 3.5 D > 3.5 4.5 E > 4.5 5.5 F 5.5 Bicycle Level of Service Categories > > and and and and > > > > League of American Bicyclists


Slide51 : Bicycle LOS A League of American Bicyclists


Slide52 : Bicycle LOS E - F Photo by SCI League of American Bicyclists


Slide53 : Bicycle LOS - Before Four-lane Road Average Daily Traffic Volume = 13,500 vpd Pavement Condition = Good Lane Widths = 12 feet wide Speed = 30 mph BLOS Evaluation: LOS score Category 3.58 D League of American Bicyclists


Slide54 : Bicycle LOS - After Two-lane Road with Center Turn Lane Average Daily Traffic Volume = 13,500 vpd Pavement Condition = Good Lane Widths = 12 feet, plus 5 foot bike lanes Speed = 30 mph BLOS Evaluation: LOS score Category 2.07 B League of American Bicyclists


Slide55 : Vol15 = volume of directional traffic in 15 minutes time period L = total number of through lanes SPt = effective speed limit (see below) SPt = 1.12ln(SPP -20) + 0.81 SPP = Posted speed limit HV = percentage of heavy vehicles PC5 = FHWA’s five point surface condition rating We = Average effective width of outside through lane For more info on suitability models, visit bicyclinginfo.org Online Calculator: http://www.bikelib.org/roads/blos/losform.htm Bicycle LOS = a1ln(Vol15/L) + a2SPt(1+10.38HV)2 + a3(1/PC5)2 - a4(We)2 + C Bicycle Level of Service Model League of American Bicyclists


Slide56 : Minimum width: 4’ “any additional shoulder is better than none at all” Paved Shoulders League of American Bicyclists


Wide Curb Lanes : Wide Curb Lanes 14' Wide League of American Bicyclists


Slide58 : Bike Lane Design League of American Bicyclists


Slide59 : Bike lanes: Min. 5’ wide adjacent to a curb or parking Min. 4’ wide on an open section 5’ League of American Bicyclists


Slide60 : OLD R3-17’s NEW R3-17 (2003 MUTCD) The BIKE LANE (R3-17) sign shall be used only in conjunction with marked bicycle lanes as described in Chapter 9C, and shall be placed at periodic intervals. League of American Bicyclists


Slide61 : Restriping to Create Bike Lanes 7’ parking lane 5’ bike lane 10’ travel lane League of American Bicyclists


Current Cross Section : Current Cross Section Total Width 68' League of American Bicyclists


Future Cross Section : Future Cross Section 5' 11' 11' 14' 11' 11' 5' Center Turn Total Width 68' League of American Bicyclists


Slide64 : Bicycle Level of Service Comparison League of American Bicyclists


Slide65 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide66 : MUTCD, Figure 9C-3 League of American Bicyclists


Slide67 : League of American Bicyclists


What lane should the bicyclist who is going straight use? : What lane should the bicyclist who is going straight use? League of American Bicyclists


Slide69 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide70 : League of American Bicyclists


Advanced Bike Box - Dimensions : Advanced Bike Box - Dimensions League of American Bicyclists


Accommodating Bicycles at Merge Areas : Accommodating Bicycles at Merge Areas League of American Bicyclists


Slide73 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide74 : Portland, OR League of American Bicyclists


Slide75 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide76 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide77 : Photo by Andy Clarke League of American Bicyclists


Slide78 : Signalized Intersections League of American Bicyclists


Slide79 : Bicycle Detection League of American Bicyclists


Slide80 : Signal Minimum Green Time v w + l g + y + r clear > t cross = tr + + 2a v Provides a bicyclist with adequate time to react, accelerate and cross the intersection, for actuated signals when the green time is short (i.e. during periods of low traffic flow). League of American Bicyclists


Slide81 : Signal Total Clearance Interval v w + l y + r clear > tr + + 2b v League of American Bicyclists


Slide82 : Angled Parking League of American Bicyclists


Slide83 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide84 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide85 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide86 : League of American Bicyclists


Shared-Use Paths ("Sidepaths") : Shared-Use Paths ("Sidepaths") League of American Bicyclists


Slide88 : League of American Bicyclists


Over half (58%) of all bicycle crashes occur at intersections : Over half (58%) of all bicycle crashes occur at intersections -Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996 League of American Bicyclists


Slide90 : Motorist failed to yield crashes (Right on red light) -Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996 League of American Bicyclists


Slide91 : Motorist failed to yield crashes (Driveway or Alley) -Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, FHWA 1996 League of American Bicyclists


Slide92 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide93 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide94 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide95 : League of American Bicyclists


Facilitating movements between bike lanes and a trail : Facilitating movements between bike lanes and a trail League of American Bicyclists


Slide97 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide98 : League of American Bicyclists


Bridge Design : Bridge Design League of American Bicyclists


Slide100 : 10’ League of American Bicyclists


Slide101 : 10’ League of American Bicyclists


Slide102 : League of American Bicyclists


Shared Lane Markings : Shared Lane Markings League of American Bicyclists


Skewed Railroad Crossings : Skewed Railroad Crossings League of American Bicyclists


Slide105 : League of American Bicyclists


Slide106 : League of American Bicyclists


Road Maintenance : Road Maintenance Surface sweeping and repair Utility cuts Keep sidewalks, shoulder and bike lanes free from ridges Pavement overlays - opportunity to restripe with bike lanes Concrete sidewalks – root control League of American Bicyclists


Need more info? : Need more info? Join the Association of Pedestrian and Bicycle Professionals (www.apbp.org) Go to www.bicyclinginfo.org or www.walkinginfo.org Get copies of AASHTO’s Pedestrian and Bicycle Guides, keep them handy Familiarize yourself with the new provisions for pedestrians and bicyclists in the latest edition of the MUTCD Visit www.completestreets.org League of American Bicyclists