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Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Chap. 2 – Ancient Kingdoms of the Nile

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Ancient Egyptian culture was known for its architecture, arts, science, math, and medicine Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Architecture and arts includes the Great Sphinx and the pyramids, statues, and painted buildings Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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They developed a lunar calendar and later added five days to their calendar for holidays Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture Calendar at the Temple of Kom-Ombo

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Had a number system based on ten, used fractions, and used geometry to build the pyramids Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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The Egyptians used herbs and medicines to cure illness and learned to preserve bodies after death Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Scribes learned to read and write so that they could work for the government Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Religion was an important part of life and many gods were worshiped Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture The council of Re with the nine members: Osiris, Nut, Geb, Shu, Atum, Tefnut, Nephyhys, Isis and Set. Sometimes Horus and Thoth were added and the group belonged to the old solar cult of Heliopolis

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Gods covered all aspects of life and were symbolized by animals such as the cat, bull, crocodile, and scarab beetle Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Some of the most important gods were Amon, or Amon-re, the creator and king of the gods Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Osiris was king of the Underworld and god of the dead Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Isis was the wife of Osiris and the mother of Horus Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Horus was a god of the sky and most well-known as the protector of the pharaohs Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Anubis was the god of embalming and the dead Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Seth was the god of chaos representing everything that threatened harmony in Egypt Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Egyptians believed in an afterlife and preserved the body by a process called mummification Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture The liver, the lungs, the stomach, and the intestines were each placed in a separate Canopic Jars

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They placed the mummy in a tomb with clothing, food, tools and weapons needed in the afterlife Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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A scroll called the Book of the Dead was placed in tombs as a guide to the afterlife Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture This scene portrays the weighing of the royal scribe’s heart against a feather representing truth.

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Egyptian society was rigidly divided into classes Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Women were the equals of their husbands in social and business affairs and could own property Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture The nobleman Hunefer and his wife with arms raised in praise of the gods

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Farms were on large estates and grew wheat, barley, flax and cotton. Surplus food was traded with other peoples Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Caravans traveled to Asia and deep into Africa carrying trade goods Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture

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Egyptians were among the first people to build seagoing ships, trading along the Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, and the African coast Section 2: Egyptian Life and Culture