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Creativity and Leadership: : Creativity and Leadership: How Much Are They the Same? How Much Are They Different?


Why is this question important?: Why is this question important? The significance of creativity and leadership in both the workplace and the world at large, and thus the need to understand how creativity and leadership actually operate in domains, organizations, and the general society to enhance, whenever possible and necessary, the amount of creativity and leadership manifested in a domain, organization or society


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is leadership? The traditional answer: Charisma, magnetism, dynamism, etc., etc. The scientific answer: Impact That is, that member of a group whose influence on group performance appreciably exceeds that of the average group member Group performance = productivity and/or decision-making


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity?


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements To be creative is to be original


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements To be creative is to be original To be creative is to be useful


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements Three manifestations


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements Three manifestations The product


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements Three manifestations The product The process


What are creativity and leadership?: What are creativity and leadership? What is creativity? Two requirements Three manifestations The product The process The person


How might these definitions be integrated?: How might these definitions be integrated? Impact through products - innovative ideas, inventions, solutions, policies, programs, strategies, tactics, reforms, initiatives, laws, regulations, etc. Examples: Creativity and leadership in Small problem-solving groups (R andamp; D units, research laboratories) Professional domains, economic systems, and political institutions


How can creativity and leadership be compared?: How can creativity and leadership be compared? Differential psychology: How do people differ? Developmental psychology: How do people develop? Social psychology: How are people affected by the social context?


Differential psychology: Differential psychology Behavior: How much do people vary? Cognition: How does the person think? Personality: What is the person like?


Behavior: Behavior Distribution of influential products Normal or 'bell-shaped' curve? No  The Elitism of Impact Leadership Pareto’s Law: 20%  80% Creativity Lokta’s Law: f(n) = c/n2 Price’s Law: k1/2  50%


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Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact


Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact: Positive correlation (r  .25)


Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact: But ...


Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact Creativity


Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact Creativity: The 120 Threshold


Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact Creativity Leadership


Cognition: Cognition IQ and impact Creativity Leadership: The 120 Optimum


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Cognition: Cognition Cognitive complexity: IC measures Leadership Performance (decision-making) Ideology (ideologues vs. moderates) Creativity Performance (productivity) Orientation (natural vs. human sciences)


Cognition: Cognition


Cognition: Cognition Imagination


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process')


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process') Primordial thinking ('primary process')


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process') Primordial thinking ('primary process') Measurement


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process') Primordial thinking ('primary process') Measurement: Regressive Imagery Dictionary


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process') Primordial thinking ('primary process') Measurement: Regressive Imagery Dictionary Drives (drink, kiss, smell, lick, sex, etc.)


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process') Primordial thinking ('primary process') Measurement: Regressive Imagery Dictionary Drives (drink, kiss, smell, lick, sex, etc.) Sensations (touch, taste, hear, see, etc.)


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Conceptual thinking ('secondary process') Primordial thinking ('primary process') Measurement: Regressive Imagery Dictionary Drives (drink, kiss, smell, lick, sex, etc.) Sensations (touch, taste, hear, see, etc.) Experiences (dream, smell, fly, fall, wake, etc.)


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Measurement Consequences


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Measurement Consequences Creativity


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Measurement Consequences Creativity Aesthetics


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Measurement Consequences Creativity Aesthetics Leadership


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Measurement Consequences Creativity Aesthetics Leadership Charisma


Cognition: Cognition Imagination Distinction Measurement Consequences Correlation: Charisma and Creativity


Cognition: Cognition Correlation: Charisma and Creativity Former: 'is charismatic,' 'finds dealing with the press challenging and enjoyable,' 'consciously refines his own public image,' 'has flair for the dramatic,' 'enjoys the ceremonial aspects of the office,' 'conveys clear-cut, highly visible personality,' 'skilled and self-confident negotiator,' 'uses rhetoric effectively, 'dynamo of energy and determination,' 'characterized by others as a world figure,' 'keeps in contact with the American public and its moods', 'has ability to maintain popularity,' 'exhibits artistry in manipulation,' 'views the presidency as a vehicle for self-expression,' but 'rarely shy, awkward in public.'


Cognition: Cognition Correlation: Charisma and Creativity Latter: 'initiates new legislation and programs,' 'is innovative in his role as an executive,' but rarely 'is a middle-of-the-roader.'


Cognition: Cognition Correlation: Creativity and Charisma r = .78


Personality: Personality Motivation Psychopathology


Personality: Personality Motivation


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad: Power - Concern with impact, control or influence on others; with arousing strong emotions in others; with prestige.


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad: Power Achievement - Concern with excellence, success in competition, or unique unprecedented accomplishment.


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad: Power Achievement Affiliation - Concern with friendship, love, or companionate activity; nurturance.


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad The consequences


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad The consequences: Leadership


Personality: Personality Motivation The triad The consequences: Leadership Creativity


Personality: Personality Psychopathology Creativity versus leadership Artistic versus scientific creativity Formal versus expressive artistic creativity Status quo versus revolutionary leadership


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Genetic endowment Birth order Childhood trauma Formal education Career development


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Genetic endowment Family pedigrees Psychopathological families


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Birth order Artistic versus scientific creators Revolutionary versus normal scientists Revolutionary versus status quo politicians


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Childhood trauma Creators versus leaders Artistic versus scientific creators Revolutionary versus normal scientists Revolutionary versus status quo leaders


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Formal education Scholastic success Creativity Leadership Level of training Creativity Leadership


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Career development Becoming an expert Leadership Creativity Age and achievement The curve


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Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Career development Becoming an expert Leadership Creativity Age and achievement The curve The contrasts


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Career development Becoming an expert Leadership Creativity Age and achievement The curve The contrasts Creativity


Developmental psychology: Developmental psychology Career development Becoming an expert Leadership Creativity Age and achievement The curve The contrasts Creativity Leadership


Social psychology: Social psychology Interpersonal Relationships Group dynamics Group decision making Groupthink phenomenon Group problem solving Creative research units Situational influences Creativity Leadership


Conclusion: Creativity and Leadership: Conclusion: Creativity and Leadership Conceptual commonality: Impact Often dependent on the same underlying psychological factors Yet also diverge in subtle ways Hence, the rarity of an often much needed phenomenon: Creative leadership


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