701 Day 3 Rome Aquinas Weber no photo

Leisure As…: 

Leisure As… the goal of life, the basis of culture (Greeks) diversion the route to understanding God as bad, even evil as an inappropriate diversion from work rejuvenation for work an economic commodity the ultimate goal of history, the purpose of a utopian society An expression of freedom and self-determination

Questions From Greek Lecture: 

Questions From Greek Lecture Are some recreation activities the basis of culture? If so, does this mean that some activities are better than others? 2. Have the activities that define leisure changed since Aristotle’s time? 3. Does modern government educate for leisure? 4. What material things, if any, do we need to experience leisure?

Rome and Middle Ages: 

Rome and Middle Ages Stoics and Epicureans Thomas Aquinas Max Weber and the Protestant Work Ethic

Fall of the Roman Empire: 

Low price of foreign grain meant that Roman farmers lost their land and farms became slave-run aristocratic estates. Fall of the Roman Empire 149 BC, Rome destroyed Carthage and all Europe and Mediterranean fell to Rome. The effects, however, were not all positive

Fall of the Roman Empire: 

Low price of foreign grain meant that Roman farmers lost their land and farms became slave-run aristocratic estates. 2. With slaves, free labor (plebian) was so cheap that it wasn’t the non-slave labor force to work. Fall of the Roman Empire 149 BC, Rome destroyed Carthage and all Europe and Mediterranean fell to Rome. The effects, however, were not all positive

Fall of the Roman Empire: 

Low price of foreign grain meant that Roman farmers lost their land and farms became slave-run aristocratic estates. 2. With slaves, free labor (plebian) was so cheap that it wasn’t worth the non-slave labor force to work. 3. Government and military corruption Fall of the Roman Empire 149 BC, Rome destroyed Carthage and all Europe and Mediterranean fell to Rome. The effects, however, were not all positive

Fall of the Roman Empire: 

Low price of foreign grain meant that Roman farmers lost their land and farms became slave-run aristocratic estates. 2. With slaves, free labor (plebian) was so cheap that it wasn’t worth working. 3. Government and military corruption 4. To detract masses from collapse, a) foreign wars to unite Romans; and b) government-sponsored mass entertainment Fall of the Roman Empire 149 BC, Rome destroyed Carthage and all Europe and Mediterranean fell to Rome. The effects, however, were not all positive

Epicurus (Greek 342-270 BC): 

Epicurus (Greek 342-270 BC) state is in shambles, so individual should seek individual happiness

Epicurus (342-270 BC): 

Epicurus (342-270 BC) state is in shambles, so individual should seek individual happiness reject Platonic/Aristotelian notion that trying to advance the state has any value

Epicurus (342-270 BC): 

Epicurus (342-270 BC) state is in shambles, so individual should seek individual happiness reject Platonic/Aristotelian notion that trying to advance the state has any value concerned only with present (get through)

Epicurus (342-270 BC): 

Epicurus (342-270 BC) state is in shambles, so individual should seek individual happiness reject Platonic/Aristotelian notion that trying to advance the state has any value concerned only with present (get through) maximize pleasure, minimize pain

Epicurus (342-270 BC): 

Epicurus (342-270 BC) state is in shambles, so individual should seek individual happiness reject Platonic/Aristotelian notion that trying to advance the state has any value concerned only with present (get through) maximize pleasure, minimize pain first physical health, then mental health

Epicurus (342-270 BC): 

Epicurus (342-270 BC) state is in shambles, so individual should seek individual happiness reject Platonic/Aristotelian notion that trying to advance the state has any value concerned only with present (get through) maximize pleasure, minimize pain first physical health, then mental health not “Epicurean delights, ” but simple contemplative (even monastic) existence

Stoicism: 

Stoicism The Greek (Cypriot) Zeno and the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC): 

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC) City-state is corrupt, but don’t abandon it

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC): 

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC) City-state is corrupt, but don’t abandon it people rarely have control of their lives (i.e., bad things happen to good people)

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC): 

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC) City-state is corrupt, but don’t abandon it people rarely have control of their lives (i.e., bad things happen to good people) so “stoically” accept fate in world

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC): 

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC) City-state is corrupt, but don’t abandon it people rarely have control of their lives (i.e., bad things happen to good people) so “stoically” accept fate in world happiness comes with the peace of accepting the way things are

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC): 

Stoicism (Zeno, 300BC) City-state is corrupt, but don’t abandon it people rarely have control of their lives (i.e., bad things happen to good people) so “stoically” accept fate in world happiness comes with the peace of accepting the way things are the only thing we have control over is our own morality and virtue, so happiness comes with doing the right thing

Marcus Aurelius A.D. 121-180: 

Marcus Aurelius A.D. 121-180 “That which does not make a man worse, how can it make a man’s life worse?” “Nothing happens to any man which he is not formed by nature to bear.” “Accept everything that happens, even if it seems disagreeable, because it leads to the health of the universe” There are things beyond our control

Marcus Aurelius (con’t): 

Marcus Aurelius (con’t) “ A man when he has done a good act, does not call out for others to come and see, but goes onto another act.” A person cannot have a life of happiness if he cannot think and act in the right way. A person’s worth is in accordance with the way he busies himself. So a person must act right to be happy, regardless of surroundings

Marcus Aurelius (con’t): 

Marcus Aurelius (con’t) A person might not have leisure for pleasure and relaxation, but will have leisure to: Check arrogance To be superior to pleasure and pain To be superior to love of fame Not be vexed by stupid and ungrateful people

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 AD.: 

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 AD. Aristotle is not inconsistent with Christianity (found a place for God in Aristotle’s scheme) (truth through faith and truth through reason) (supreme law and natural law)

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 AD.: 

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 AD. Aristotle is not inconsistent with Christianity (found a place for God in Aristotle’s scheme) (truth through faith and truth through reason) (supreme law and natural law) Aristotle explained what things are; Aquinas explained how they got that way (God did it)

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 AD.: 

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 AD. Aristotle is not inconsistent with Christianity (found a place for God in Aristotle’s scheme) (truth through faith and truth through reason) (supreme law and natural law) Aristotle explained what things are; Aquinas explained how they got that way (God did it) Four-part soul

Aquinas (continued): 

Aquinas (continued) first seeds of Christian work ethic in “will”

Aquinas (continued): 

Aquinas (continued) first seeds of Christian work ethic in “will” to be human is to know God, so to contemplate on God is a most human act. Contemplation has two forms; 1. Contemplation of the divine 2. Contemplation of nature (creation of God) knowledge has two forms 1. Theoretical (to gain truth) 2. Practical (to achieve a good) (Transcendentalism????)

Max Weber (1864-1920) and the Protestant Work Ethic: 

Max Weber (1864-1920) and the Protestant Work Ethic a calling (Luther) divine providence a calling that may be the spirit of capitalism (Calvin) the spirit of capitalism

Max Weber (1864-1920) and the Protestant Work Ethic: 

Max Weber (1864-1920) and the Protestant Work Ethic The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (originally published in 1904) This is Weber’s writing about what happened, not his opinions of what is right

Spirit of Capitalism: 

Spirit of Capitalism Acquisition of money is purpose of life.

Spirit of Capitalism: 

Spirit of Capitalism Time is money. (time spent idly is not only money spent, but also the loss of money that could have been earned working). Acquisition of money is purpose of life.

Spirit of Capitalism: 

Spirit of Capitalism Time is money. (time spent idly is not only money spent, but also the loss of money that could have been earned working). Credit is money. (if you owe someone money, let him see you working, not playing). Acquisition of money is purpose of life.

Spirit of Capitalism: 

Spirit of Capitalism Time is money. (time spent idly is not only money spent, but also the loss of money that could have been earned working). Credit is money. (if you owe someone money, let him see you working, not playing). Utilitarian ethics. (honesty and virtue are attributes in that they are good for business). Acquisition of money is purpose of life.

Spirit of Capitalism: 

Spirit of Capitalism Time is money. (time spent idly is not only money spent, but also the loss of money that could have been earned working). Credit is money. (if you owe someone money, let him see you working, not playing). Utilitarian ethics. (honest and virtue are attributes that they are good for business). Acquisition of money is purpose of life. Not the friendly, laid back neighborhood grocer, but a person who exists for the sake of his/her business

Spirit of Capitalism: 

Spirit of Capitalism Time is money. (time spent idly is not only money spent, but also the loss of money that could have been earned working). Credit is money. (if you owe someone money, let him see you working, not playing). Utilitarian ethics. (honest and virtue are attributes that they are good for business). Acquisition of money is purpose of life. Not the friendly, laid back neighborhood grocer, but a person who exists for the sake of his/her business Capitalism serves humanity by providing them with goods and with jobs

Overcome Traditionalism(Greed is Not Natural): 

Overcome Traditionalism (Greed is Not Natural) The Dilemma of Piece-rate Work (money cannot get people to work harder)

Overcome Traditionalism(Greed in Not Natural): 

Overcome Traditionalism (Greed in Not Natural) The Dilemma of Piece-rate Work (money cannot get people to work harder) 2. Money-making as an end in itself isn’t right

Overcome Traditionalism(Greed in Not Natural): 

Overcome Traditionalism (Greed in Not Natural) The Dilemma of Piece-rate Work (money cannot get people to work harder) 3. Only educated people work hard in their jobs??? 2. Money-making as an end in itself isn’t right

Overcome Traditionalism(Greed in Not Natural): 

Overcome Traditionalism (Greed in Not Natural) The Dilemma of Piece-rate Work (money cannot get people to work harder) 3. Only educated people work hard in their jobs??? 4. Leisure is bad, at least diversion from important work 2. Money-making as an end in itself isn’t right

Fear of Leisure (Hunnicutt): 

Fear of Leisure (Hunnicutt) Free time = a stagnant economy Free time leads to evil Leisure thwarts personal success “Nothing breeds radicalism more quickly than unhappiness unless it is leisure” Decline in the importance of work = future decline in economic growth

Fear of Leisure (Hunnicutt): 

Fear of Leisure (Hunnicutt) Free time leads to evil Leisure thwarts personal success “Nothing breeds radicalism more quickly than unhappiness unless it is leisure” Decline in the importance of work = future decline in economic growth Free time = a stagnant economy

Salvation of Consumerism (Hunnicutt): 

Salvation of Consumerism (Hunnicutt) Aren’t making too much, but consuming too little If wages continue to go up, need reasons to not stop working So there is the job of promoting consumption

Leisure as Consumption (Hunnicutt): 

Leisure as Consumption (Hunnicutt) Make leisure a consumer product Leisure is not as an alternative to work, but a new reason to work.

Luther’s Calling (1483-1546): 

Luther’s Calling (1483-1546) God does not want all of us to lead lives of contemplation, but to fulfill obligations of our place in the world (our calling)

Luther’s Calling: 

Luther’s Calling God does not want all of us to lead lives of contemplation, but to fulfill obligations of our place in the world (our calling) All callings have equal worth in eyes of God

Luther’s Calling: 

Luther’s Calling God does not want all of us to lead lives of contemplation, but to fulfill obligations of our place in the world (our calling) All callings have equal worth in eyes of God Divine providence: God has role for each of us;our job is to discover that role and stay there. By good acts, humility, trust in God – we get to heaven

Calvinism: 

Calvinism Predestination John Calvin (1509-1564)

Calvinism: 

Calvinism Predestination Cannot know whether chosen, but act as if you are. Not humility (as with Luther), but push to glorify God (be a tool of God’s will).

Calvinism: 

Calvinism Life work is not to make money, but carry out God’s work constantly. Rewards, however, will come. Predestination Cannot know whether chosen, but act as if you are.Not humility (as with Luther), but push to glorify God (be a tool of God’s will).

So What?: 

So What? To what extent is your current society a reflection of the fall of the Roman Empire? Is recreation a diversion? An Epicurean escape? For you, to what extent is your leisure linked to your spirituality? 3. To what extent are you a product of the Protestant Work Ethic? Is leisure and idleness bad? Does leisure need to be earned? What is more important to you, work or leisure?