BRITAIN 1850 � 1914 imperialism - option

BRITAIN 1840 – 1918: IMPERIALISM : 

BRITAIN 1840 – 1918: IMPERIALISM THE WHITE MAN’S BURDEN AND THE SCRAMBLE FOR THE WORLD

DEFINITION : 

DEFINITION Control by one group of people over other group beyond its borders. Takes a wide range of forms, from outright occupation and enslavement to the exercise of hidden and subtle influence.

THEORIES : 

THEORIES J. A. Hobson V. Lenin Attacked the system of overseas explotation as a depraved choice of national life, impossed by self-seeking interests. Suggested that the system had grown out of the maldistribution of profits from industry He viewed imperialism as the inevitable last state of capitalism He declared that profits flowed overseas because they produced a higher rate of return there. Only in a colony, under formal political control investments yielded maximum return

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY : 

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY ECONOMY: great demand for natural resources and products not found in Western countries. Instead of just trading for these products, european investors advocated direct control of the areas where the raw materials were found

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY : 

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY NATIONAL POWER AND PRESTIGE: the new nationalism of the late 19th century, tied to conservatism, was loud and chauvinistic. The pride and effort that go into achieving self-determination for a nation (NATIONALISM) can lead easily to the desire to control other nations and peoples (IMPERIALISM)

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY : 

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY : 

CAUSES FOR IMPERIALISM IN THE XIX CENTURY SOCIAL DARWINISM AND RACISM: in the struggle between nations, the fit are victorious and survive. Superior races must dominate by military force to show how strong and virile they are

WHITE MAN’S BURDEN : 

WHITE MAN’S BURDEN A more religious – humanitarian approach was taken when some europeans argued that they had a moral resposibility to civilize ignorant peoples. This notion helped the more idealistic individuals to rationalize imperialism in their own minds. Nevertheless, the believe that the superiority of their civilization obligated them to impose modern cities and medicines on supposedly primitive nonwhites was yet another form of racism.

STANLEY - LIVINGSTONE AND THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA : 

STANLEY - LIVINGSTONE AND THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA Henry Stanley David LivingstonE

INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS:INDIA : 

INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS:INDIA

INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS: INDIA : 

The British government was in control of India since 1858, after crushing a major revolt. Under Parliament’s supervision, a small group of British civil servants directed the affairs of almost 300 million people. British manufactured goods destroyed local industries, and Indian wealth was used to pay British officials and a large army. British rule was degrading. By 1883, when the Indian national congress was formed, educated Indians were beginning to seek self-government. By 1919, Indians were demanding complete independence, which they achieved in 1947. INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTS: INDIA

INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTSAUSTRALIA - NEW ZEALAND : 

After the explorations of Australia by Captain James Cook, Britain took an active interest in it. The availability of land for grazing sheep and the discovery of gold led to an influx of free settlers who slaughtered many of the indigeonous inhabitants. In 1850, the British government granted the various Australian colonies virtually complete self-government, and in 1901 all the colonies were unified into a Commonwealth of Australia. New Zealand, which the British had declared colony in 1840 was also granted dominion status in 1907 INDEPENDENT MOVEMENTSAUSTRALIA - NEW ZEALAND

IMPERIALISM WARS1840 - 1918 : 

IMPERIALISM WARS1840 - 1918

OPIUM WARS1839 - 1842 and 1856 - 1860 : 

OPIUM WARS1839 - 1842 and 1856 - 1860 FIRST WAR BELLIGERENTS: United Kingdom - China CAUSES: - To protect the british trade of opium from India to China RESULTS: - Chinese Government had to accept the opium trade into their country - Britain was given the possesion of Hong Kong SECOND WAR BELLIGERENTS: United Kingdom _ China French Empire CAUSES: - Chinese boarding of a private hongkonger vessel without permission RESULTS: - The Chinese had to pay 8 million taels to Britain and France. - Britain acquired Kowloon (next to Hong Kong). - The opium trade was legalized - Christians were granted full civil rights, including the right to own property, and the right to evangelize.

CRIMEAN WAR1854 - 1856 : 

CRIMEAN WAR1854 - 1856 BELLIGERENTS: * CAUSES: French Empire - Russian invasion of the British Empire __ Russian Empire Christian provinces on Ottoman Empire Bulgarian Volunteers the Danube of the Kingdom of Sardinia Turkish Empire RESULTS: - Except for temporarily checking Russia’s ambitions, the war achieved nothing at all - Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole came to prominence for their contributions in the field of nursing.

BOER WARS1880 – 1881 and 1899 - 1902 : 

BOER WARS1880 – 1881 and 1899 - 1902 .

BOER WARS1880 – 1881 and 1899 - 1902 : 

BOER WARS1880 – 1881 and 1899 - 1902 FIRST WAR BELLIGERENTS: United Kingdom – Transvaal CAUSES: - Boers were able to give voice to the growing resentment against the 1877 British annexation of the Transvaal RESULTS: - In the final peace treaty the British agreed to Boer self-government in the Transvaal under a theoretical British oversight - the Boers accepted the Queen’s nominal rule and British control over African affairs and native districts. - A three-man Royal Commission drew up the Pretoria Convention. This led to the withdrawal of the last British troops SECOND WAR BELLIGERENTS: British Empire - Orange Free Republic South African Republic Foreign Volunteers CAUSES: - When in 1896 massive deposits of gold were discovered in the Transvaal, a huge inflow of uitlanders (foreigners), mainly from Britain, came to the region in search of employment and fortune. - The number of uitlanders in the Transvaal eventually exceeded the number of Boers and confrontations over uitlander political and economic rights, culminated in the failed Jameson Raid of 1895 - Chamberlain (the British Colonial Secretary) sent an ultimatum to the Boers, demanding full equality for those uitlanders resident in the Transvaal. - Given the number of British uitlanders already resident and the ongoing inflow, the Boers recognised that this would ultimately lead to a change of government and the Transvaal being de facto absorbed into the British Empire. - President Kruger, seeing no other option than war, issued his own ultimatum giving the British 48 hours to withdraw all their troops from the border of the Transvaal, failing which the Transvaal, allied with the Orange Free State, would declare war against the British. - The rejection of the ultimatum followed and war was declared. RESULTS: - The war, known as the last British imperial war, was the longest (almost three years), the most expensive (over £200 million), and the most disastrous of all wars for Britain between 1815 and 1914.

BOXER REBELLION1899 - 1901 : 

BOXER REBELLION1899 - 1901 BELLIGERENTS: *Eight Nation Alliance: - Japan - United Kingdom - France - Russia - United States - Germany - Italy - Austria-Hungary * Society of Harmonious Fists (boxers) - China CAUSES: - uprising by members of the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists against foreign influence in areas such as trade, politics, religion and technology. RESULTS: - the Imperial examination system for government service was eliminated - the classical system of education was replaced with a Westernized system that led to a university degree - Chinese Imperial Government was badly shaken

FIRST WORLD WAR1914 - 1918 : 

FIRST WORLD WAR1914 - 1918 BELLIGERENTS: * Triple Entente Russia France Great Britain (Australia – New Zealand) * Triple Alliance Germany Austria Hungary Italy (later joined the Entente) Japan CAUSES: Independent movements in Europe (especially in the Balkans) The fall of the Turkish-Ottoman Empire Assassination of the Austro-Hungarian Prince, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie Chotek, in Sarajevo (Serbia – 28th June 1914) RESULTS: Fall of the German Empire and the creation of the Weimar Republic Mass destruction of cities in Europe Great poverty and unrest in all Europe High inflation in Germany Treaty of Versailles Creation of the League of Nations Over 40 million casualties Beginning of the independent movements in the British colonies

APPLAUSES, PLEASE… : 

APPLAUSES, PLEASE… * Subject: * Teacher: * Members: * Year: