ICA

Shifting ICT to ICA- Towards Information and Communication Activity Navigation -: 

Shifting ICT to ICA - Towards Information and Communication Activity Navigation - Hideaki Takeda National Institute of Informatics & The Graduate University for Advanced Studies takeda@nii.ac.jp http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda/

Table of Contents: 

Table of Contents NMM:Re-configuration of personal human network Kmedia: Finding relationship via WWW bookmarks TelMeA: Expressive Media for Online Communities Community Navigator: Collaborative Scheduling Support System for Conferences Social Scheduler: Collaborative Scheduler for Personal Resources TelMeA for e-Kyoshitsu: Application to Distance Learning Introduction: Shifting ICT to ICA Our Research Topics Summary

Shifting ICT to ICA- Towards Information and Communication Activity Navigation -: 

H. Takeda Shifting ICT to ICA - Towards Information and Communication Activity Navigation -

From “old computing” to “new computing”: 

From “old computing” to “new computing” “The old computing was about what computers could do; the new computing is about what users can do. Successful technologies are those that are in harmony with users’ needs. They must support relationships and activities that enrich the users’ experiences.” Ben Shneiderman, Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies, MIT Press, 2002 Paradigm shift is needed Technology-centered approach Human-centered approach

ART(Activity-Relationship-Table): 

ART(Activity-Relationship-Table) Ben Shneiderman, Leonardo's Laptop: Human Needs and the New Computing Technologies, MIT Press, 2002

Information and Communication Activities: 

Information and Communication Activities Two layers for our activities

Information Activities: 

Information Activities A cycle of information exploitation Collect Find and retrieve information Create Process (classify, extract, combine, mix, …) information Generate new information Donate Publish and distribute information Create

Communication Activities: 

Communication Layer Communication Activities A cycle of human relationship exploitation Relate Find and contact people Collaborate Work with other people (organized work, teamwork, cooperation, …) Present Identify and contribute ourselves to communities

Information and Communication Activity Navigation (ICAN): 

Information and Communication Activity Navigation (ICAN) Support by computers for six categories of ICA NMM:Re-configuration of personal human network Kmedia: Finding relationship via WWW bookmarks TelMeA: Expressive Media for Online Communities Community Navigator: Collaborative Scheduling Support System for Conferences Social Scheduler: Collaborative Scheduler for Personal Resources TelMeA for e-kyoshitsu

Discovery of Shared Topics Networks among PeopleA Simple Approach to Find Community Knowledge from WWW Bookmarks: 

H. Takeda, M. Hamasaki, T. Matsuzuka, Y. Taniguchi Discovery of Shared Topics Networks among People A Simple Approach to Find Community Knowledge from WWW Bookmarks

Purpose: 

Purpose Generation of human network guiding individual information activities An example I want to watch sports programs on TV. What your recommendation? Who and What Shared Topics Network among Users (STN)

Bookmarks as Knowledge: 

Bookmarks as Knowledge A bookmark folder = A topic interested by the user URLs in a bookmark folder = Examples of the topic 2 1 4 3 e a b f c d z x User y Bookmark (person’s interest)

Discovery of topic relations: 

A C B Discovery of topic relations computer-related research-related search Information retrieval academia Common relations (search, IR), (academia, research-related) similar but words themselves are different Un-common relations …(Unix, academia) Speciality of the community

Discovery of relationship among people: 

Discovery of relationship among people computer-related research-related search Information retrieval academia What are common topics with others? Who is good at this topic? unix

Category Resemblance (1)Categorization Is Human Relation?: 

Category Resemblance (1) Categorization Is Human Relation? Human relation can be measured by resemblance of folder structure Folder structure is similar Not similar Cij : Category resemblance Nfij : No. of recommended folders Rfij : Folder relevance Npij : No. of recommended pages

Slide16: 

Better page recommendation results for new group made from category resemblance (CR) In-community Cross-community New groups All Page Recommendation Score Effects of Category Resemblance (4) for Page Recommendation

Summary: 

Summary Proposal of shared topic network to enhance user’s communication Proposal of algorithm of discovery of shared topic networks with WWW bookmark files Validity of our approach by an experiment Proposal of category resemblance as measurement for community effects

Re-configuration of personal networks by the neighborhood matchmaker method: 

M. Hamasaki, H. Takeda Re-configuration of personal networks by the neighborhood matchmaker method

Purpose: 

Purpose Personal network is usually “ad hoc” We may miss better friends nearby We need better network One Solution: Collect data for all people, then generate the “best” network Disadvantage: Scalability Privacy Our approach: Neighborhood Matchmaker Method (NMM)

Neighborhood Matchmaker Method (NMM): 

Neighborhood Matchmaker Method (NMM) A iterative approach to optimize the network Every node works as a matchmaker for neighborhood nodes to improve the network The basic idea In our real life, introducing new friends by the current friends is a practical way to optimize personal networks We can know persons who you have not known before Your friend can filter people for you Advantages No need for central servers Applicable to any size of community Less computational cost

Algorithm: 

Algorithm 1. A node calculates connection values between its neighbor nodes We call that node “matchmaker” 2. If the matchmaker finds a pair of nodes which has a good enough connection value, it selects this pair for recommendation. The matchmaker introduces both nodes of recommended pair to each other 3. The node that receives recommendation decides whether it accepts or not. If it accepts, it adds a path to the recommended node

Results: Cover-Rate w.r.t. Nodes: 

Results: Cover-Rate w.r.t. Nodes The path size is fixed as three times as the node size All cases were converged The average of cover-rate and the turn of convergence vary with the node size Cover-Rate Turn 100node 80node 20node 40node 60node

Results: Average of Convergence Turn: 

Results: Average of Convergence Turn The number of convergence turn is linearly increased with the node size Computational cost NMM: O(N) Central Server Model: O(N2) Convergence Turn The node size 1path/node 5path/node 2path/node 4path/node 3path/node

Conclusion: 

Conclusion Proposal of optimization of “ad hoc” network Good news for the Internet communities No need for central servers Applicable to any size of community Anytime Algorithm

Community Navigator:Collaborative Scheduling Support System for Conferences : 

H. Takeda, M. Hamasaki In cooperation with Yutaka Matsuo and Takuichi Nishimura Community Navigator: Collaborative Scheduling Support System for Conferences

Purpose: 

Purpose System Aim: Support people to find their friends in a specific group Research Theme: Investigate different human networks in the same group Three human networks Human network in the activity: I worked with him Human network by communication: I know him Human network by behavior: I meet him Scheduling on conferences Plan and Action “I know him” “I worked with him” “I meet him” Planning action

System Functions: 

System Functions Easy-to-use scheduling system for the conference Just add presentations what you want to watch Can refer schedules of other people Manually collaborative scheduling Can only see schedules of who know you Can recommend schedules collaborative scheduling On-site support of schedules Small communication device with sensors Takuichi Nishimura, Hideo Itoh, Yoshinobu Yamamoto and Hideyuki Nakashima. ``A compact battery-less information terminal (CoBIT) for location-based support systems," In Proceeding of SPIE, number 4863B-12, 2002. Cobit

Outlook: 

Outlook

Recommendation: 

Recommendation Recommendation by pattern similarity Naïve collaborative filtering Paper recommendation Person recommendation Recommendation by personal network Reply on selection by friends Paper recommendation Person recommendation

Recommendation: 

Recommendation

Social Scheduler: Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler: 

Ikki Ohmukai, H. Takeda Social Scheduler: Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler

Social Scheduler: Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler: 

Social Scheduler: Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler Mobile Task Scheduler for Daily Life Everyone belongs several groups and communities Some groups were built emergently and have ambiguous boundaries No one cannot manage “my” schedule Collaborative Model of Personal Scheduling Based on information sharing with one’s friends Access control and filtering according to each group Cell-phone application

Social SchedulerCollaborative Personal Task Scheduler: 

Social Scheduler Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler Create friends network by authorization Task conditions become viewable and updatable by each other Server merges all friends network into alliance network The system considers partial complete graphs as emerging groups (unit of information sharing/filtering)

Social Scheduler: Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler: 

Social Scheduler: Collaborative Personal Task Scheduler Experiment 12 subjects from various communities 3 weeks in use 41.9 tasks/person 76 collaborative tasks Social Network The system can find multiple communities around the user Distance of each friend can be measured by the number of groups they share

TelMeAShow Me What You Mean -Expressive Media for Online Communities: 

Toru Takahashi, Yasuhiro Katagiri, H. Takeda TelMeA Show Me What You Mean - Expressive Media for Online Communities

TelMeA2002: 

TelMeA2002

Conversation Process in TelMeA2002: 

Conversation Process in TelMeA2002 3. The massage is accumulated in the conversation log Participant of a TelMeA Community Hello! 6. The message is asynchronously enacted Hello!

Our Goal: 

Our Goal Find pragmatic rules of social and nonverbal interactions Supporting social and nonverbal interactions Archiving the logs of long-term community activities Analyzing usages and effects of nonverbal expressivity Make a model of multimodal social interaction Calculate social evaluations for involved information Summarize or make reutilize the involved information

e-kyoshitu(e-classroom) Project: 

Toru Takahashi, Yasuhiro Katagiri, H. Takeda e-kyoshitu(e-classroom) Project

Trial Use: e-教室(e-classroom) Project: 

Trial Use: e-教室(e-classroom) Project e-教室(e-classroom) Project: Run by NPO Distance learning for children (mainly junior-high school, 12-15yrs) Several classrooms (math, economics, CG, etc) TelMeA for e-教室 Experimental use of TelMeA Classroom for Leaning “agent” as new technologies by using Communicating to each other (“BBS” for participants) (demo)

TelMeA for e-教室: 

TelMeA for e-教室

The current status of “TelMeA for e-教室”: 

The current status of “TelMeA for e-教室” Period: c.a. 4 month (2003.1.16-) Login users: 64 Posted users: 24 Post No.: 297, Post thread No.: 22

Summary: 

Summary Information technologies, in particular AI can offer new opportunities for communities Reducing constraints of the real world Time, space, etc new communication ways Knowing new related people, communication via agents etc They will change meaning or roles of communities e.g, Very weak communities Quick life cycle of communities Belonging so many communities

Summary : 

Summary Challenges Support of life cycle of communities Create, maintain, diverse, merge, disappear Trust Trust is very difficult Trust may be more complicated than the real world…