logging in or signing up personality Estelle Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3374 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: November 19, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: amar_zpc (14 month(s) ago) hi! its nice, pls mail me at amar_zpc@yahoo.co.in. thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ms69 (16 month(s) ago) hi its nice, pl mail me sekhar14au@gmail.com thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... 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See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Personality: Personality “Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.” Four major perspectives on Personality Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivations Trait - specific dimensions of personality Humanistic - inner capacity for growth Social-Cognitive - influence of environmentPsychoanalytic Perspective: Psychoanalytic Perspective “first comprehensive theory of personality” (1856-1939) University of Vienna 1873 Voracious Reader Medical School Graduate Specialized in Nervous Disorders Some patients’ disorders had no physical cause!Psychoanalytic Perspective: Psychoanalytic Perspective “first comprehensive theory of personality” Q: What caused neurological symptoms in patients with no neurological problems? UnconsciousThe Unconscious: The Unconscious Conscious Awareness small part above surface (Preconscious) Repression banishing unacceptable thoughts & passions to unconscious Dreams & SlipsFreud & Personality Structure: Freud & Personality Structure “Personality arises from conflict twixt agressive, pleasure-seeking impulses and social restraints”Freud & Personality Structure: Freud & Personality Structure Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle Super Ego - voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behaveFreud & Personality Development: Freud & Personality Development Psychosexual Stages Oral (0-18 mos) - centered on the mouth Anal (18-36 mos) - focus on bowel/bladder elim. Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus on genitals/“Oedipus Complex” (Identification & Gender Identity) Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is dormant Genital (puberty on) - sexual feelings toward others Strong conflict can fixate an individual at Stages 1,2 or 3Defense Mechanisms: Defense Mechanisms Id Super Ego Ego When the inner war gets out of hand, the result is Anxiety Ego protects itself via Defense Mechanisms Defense Mechanisms reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting realityDefense Mechanisms: Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelings from consciousness (underlies all other defense mechanisms) Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixated development Reaction Formation - ego makes unacceptable impulses appear as their opposites Projection - attributes threatening impulses to others Rationalization - generate self-justifying explanations to hide the real reasons for our actions Displacement - divert impulses toward a more acceptable object Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulse into something socially valued Defense MechanismsThe Unconscious & Assessment: Thematic Apperceptions Test (TAT) Rorschach Inkblot Test The Unconscious & Assessment How can we assess personality? (i.e., the unconscious) Objective Tests? No - tap the conscious Projective Tests? Yes - tap the unconsciousEvaluating the Psychoanalytic Perspective: Evaluating the Psychoanalytic Perspective Were Freud’s theories the “best of his time” or were they simply incorrect? Current research contradicts many of Freud’s specific ideasFreud’s Ideas as Scientific Theory: Freud’s Ideas as Scientific Theory Theories must explain observations and offer testable hypotheses Few Objective Observations Few Hypotheses (Freud’s theories based on his recollections & interpretations of patients’ free associations, dreams & slips o’ the tongue) Does Not PREDICT Behavior or TraitsTrait Perspective: Trait Perspective No hidden personality dynamics… just basic personality dimensions Traits - people’s characteristic behaviors & conscious motives How do we describe & classify different personalities? (Type A vs Type B or Depressed vs Cheerful?) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - classify people based upon responses to 126 questionsAre There “Basic” Traits?: Are There “Basic” Traits? What trait “dimensions” describe personality? Combination of 2 or 3 genetically determined dimensions Expanded set of factors “The Big 5” Extraversion/Introversion Emotional Stability/Instability The Big Five: The Big Five Emotional Stability Extraversion Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness Calm/Anxious Secure/Insecure Sociable/Retiring Fun Loving/Sober Imaginative/Practical Independent/Conforming Soft-Hearted/Ruthless Trusting/Suspicious Organized/Disorganized Careful/CarelessAssessing Traits: Assessing Traits How can we assess traits? (aim to simplify a person’s behavior patterns) Personality Inventories MMPI most widely used personality inventory assess psychological disorders (not normal traits) empirically derived - test items selected based upon how well they discriminate twixt groups of traitsThe Humanistic Perspective: The Humanistic Perspective Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective “Healthy” rather than “Sick” Individual as greater than the sum of test scoresMaslow & Self-Actualization: Maslow & Self-Actualization Self-Actualization the process of fufilling our potential Studied healthy, creative people Abe Lincoln, Tom Jefferson & Eleanor Roosevelt Self-Aware & Self-Accepting Open & Spontaneous Loving & Caring Problem-Centered not Self-CenteredRoger’s Person-Centered Perspective: Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective Given the right environmental conditions, we will develop to our full potentials Genuineness, Acceptance, Empathy Self Concept - central feature of personality (+ or -)Assessing & Evaluating the Self: Assessing & Evaluating the Self ? Primarily through questionnaires in which people report their self-concept. ? Also by understanding others’ subjective personal experiences during therapy X Concepts are vague & subjective. Assumptions are naïvely optimistic.Social-Cognitive Perspective: Social-Cognitive Perspective Behavior learned through conditioning & observation What we think about our situation affects our behavior Interaction of Environment & Intellect Reciprocal Determinism: Reciprocal Determinism Personal/ Cognitive Factors Behavior Environment FactorsPersonal Control: Personal Control Internal Locus of Control You pretty much control your own destiny External Locus of Control Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny Methods of Study Correlate feelings of control with behavior Experiment by raising/lowering people’s sense of control and noting effectsOutcomes of Personal Control: Outcomes of Personal Control Learned Helplessness Uncontrollable bad events Perceived lack of control Generalized helpless behavior Important Issue Nursing Homes Prisons Colleges You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
personality Estelle Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3374 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: November 19, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 4 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: amar_zpc (14 month(s) ago) hi! its nice, pls mail me at amar_zpc@yahoo.co.in. thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ms69 (16 month(s) ago) hi its nice, pl mail me sekhar14au@gmail.com thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: miltonhuggins (19 month(s) ago) Hi I would like to request you to please send me this presentation. It is really good. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: miltonhuggins (19 month(s) ago) Hi I would like to request you to please send me this presentation. It is really good. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: Parulgeete (19 month(s) ago) plz send me this one in need Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Personality: Personality “Characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting.” Four major perspectives on Personality Psychoanalytic - unconscious motivations Trait - specific dimensions of personality Humanistic - inner capacity for growth Social-Cognitive - influence of environmentPsychoanalytic Perspective: Psychoanalytic Perspective “first comprehensive theory of personality” (1856-1939) University of Vienna 1873 Voracious Reader Medical School Graduate Specialized in Nervous Disorders Some patients’ disorders had no physical cause!Psychoanalytic Perspective: Psychoanalytic Perspective “first comprehensive theory of personality” Q: What caused neurological symptoms in patients with no neurological problems? UnconsciousThe Unconscious: The Unconscious Conscious Awareness small part above surface (Preconscious) Repression banishing unacceptable thoughts & passions to unconscious Dreams & SlipsFreud & Personality Structure: Freud & Personality Structure “Personality arises from conflict twixt agressive, pleasure-seeking impulses and social restraints”Freud & Personality Structure: Freud & Personality Structure Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle Super Ego - voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behaveFreud & Personality Development: Freud & Personality Development Psychosexual Stages Oral (0-18 mos) - centered on the mouth Anal (18-36 mos) - focus on bowel/bladder elim. Phallic (3-6 yrs) - focus on genitals/“Oedipus Complex” (Identification & Gender Identity) Latency (6-puberty) - sexuality is dormant Genital (puberty on) - sexual feelings toward others Strong conflict can fixate an individual at Stages 1,2 or 3Defense Mechanisms: Defense Mechanisms Id Super Ego Ego When the inner war gets out of hand, the result is Anxiety Ego protects itself via Defense Mechanisms Defense Mechanisms reduce/redirect anxiety by distorting realityDefense Mechanisms: Repression - banishes certain thoughts/feelings from consciousness (underlies all other defense mechanisms) Regression - retreating to earlier stage of fixated development Reaction Formation - ego makes unacceptable impulses appear as their opposites Projection - attributes threatening impulses to others Rationalization - generate self-justifying explanations to hide the real reasons for our actions Displacement - divert impulses toward a more acceptable object Sublimation - transform unacceptable impulse into something socially valued Defense MechanismsThe Unconscious & Assessment: Thematic Apperceptions Test (TAT) Rorschach Inkblot Test The Unconscious & Assessment How can we assess personality? (i.e., the unconscious) Objective Tests? No - tap the conscious Projective Tests? Yes - tap the unconsciousEvaluating the Psychoanalytic Perspective: Evaluating the Psychoanalytic Perspective Were Freud’s theories the “best of his time” or were they simply incorrect? Current research contradicts many of Freud’s specific ideasFreud’s Ideas as Scientific Theory: Freud’s Ideas as Scientific Theory Theories must explain observations and offer testable hypotheses Few Objective Observations Few Hypotheses (Freud’s theories based on his recollections & interpretations of patients’ free associations, dreams & slips o’ the tongue) Does Not PREDICT Behavior or TraitsTrait Perspective: Trait Perspective No hidden personality dynamics… just basic personality dimensions Traits - people’s characteristic behaviors & conscious motives How do we describe & classify different personalities? (Type A vs Type B or Depressed vs Cheerful?) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - classify people based upon responses to 126 questionsAre There “Basic” Traits?: Are There “Basic” Traits? What trait “dimensions” describe personality? Combination of 2 or 3 genetically determined dimensions Expanded set of factors “The Big 5” Extraversion/Introversion Emotional Stability/Instability The Big Five: The Big Five Emotional Stability Extraversion Openness Agreeableness Conscientiousness Calm/Anxious Secure/Insecure Sociable/Retiring Fun Loving/Sober Imaginative/Practical Independent/Conforming Soft-Hearted/Ruthless Trusting/Suspicious Organized/Disorganized Careful/CarelessAssessing Traits: Assessing Traits How can we assess traits? (aim to simplify a person’s behavior patterns) Personality Inventories MMPI most widely used personality inventory assess psychological disorders (not normal traits) empirically derived - test items selected based upon how well they discriminate twixt groups of traitsThe Humanistic Perspective: The Humanistic Perspective Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective “Healthy” rather than “Sick” Individual as greater than the sum of test scoresMaslow & Self-Actualization: Maslow & Self-Actualization Self-Actualization the process of fufilling our potential Studied healthy, creative people Abe Lincoln, Tom Jefferson & Eleanor Roosevelt Self-Aware & Self-Accepting Open & Spontaneous Loving & Caring Problem-Centered not Self-CenteredRoger’s Person-Centered Perspective: Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective Given the right environmental conditions, we will develop to our full potentials Genuineness, Acceptance, Empathy Self Concept - central feature of personality (+ or -)Assessing & Evaluating the Self: Assessing & Evaluating the Self ? Primarily through questionnaires in which people report their self-concept. ? Also by understanding others’ subjective personal experiences during therapy X Concepts are vague & subjective. Assumptions are naïvely optimistic.Social-Cognitive Perspective: Social-Cognitive Perspective Behavior learned through conditioning & observation What we think about our situation affects our behavior Interaction of Environment & Intellect Reciprocal Determinism: Reciprocal Determinism Personal/ Cognitive Factors Behavior Environment FactorsPersonal Control: Personal Control Internal Locus of Control You pretty much control your own destiny External Locus of Control Luck, fate and/or powerful others control your destiny Methods of Study Correlate feelings of control with behavior Experiment by raising/lowering people’s sense of control and noting effectsOutcomes of Personal Control: Outcomes of Personal Control Learned Helplessness Uncontrollable bad events Perceived lack of control Generalized helpless behavior Important Issue Nursing Homes Prisons Colleges