logging in or signing up Chapter 15 Knee Conditions Esteban Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2016 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: November 28, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ranjithanumasa (11 month(s) ago) good collection, could u please send me this video. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rahman_555 (45 month(s) ago) thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Knee Conditions: Knee Conditions Chapter 15Anatomy: Anatomy Large synovial joint Two condylar articulations Medial tibiofemoral joint Lateral tibiofemoral joint Gliding joint Patellofemoral jointBones: Bones Femur Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Linea aspera Tibia Medial tibial plateau Lateral tibial plateau FibulaTibiofemoral Joint: Tibiofemoral Joint Modified hinge joint allowing some lateral and rotational motions to occur as well. Lateral epicondyle is larger than medial. Because of size difference there is a screwing home mechanism to bring the knee into full extension.Menisci: Menisci Semilunar fibrocartilage (half moon shapes) Attach to the superior plateaus of the tibia. Absorption and dissipation of force Lubrication Medial meniscus is semicircular and attaches to the medial collateral ligament Lateral meniscus is almost a complete circle and attaches to the posterior cruciate ligamentBursae: Bursae Suprapatellar bursa, lies between the femur and quadriceps femoris tendon Subpopliteal bursa, lies between the femur and the popliteal muscle Semimembranosus bursa, lies between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon. Prepatellar bursa, lies between the skin and the anterior surface of the patellaBursae continued: Bursae continued Superficial infrapatellar bursa is located between the skin and the patellar tendon. Deep infrapatellar bursa is located between the tibial tubercle and the infrapatellar tendon.Ligaments: Ligaments Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), attaches anteriorly on the tibia, and to the posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle. Prevents: Anterior translation of the tibia on a fixed femur Posterior translation of the femur on a fixed tibia Internal and external rotation of the tibia on the femur Hyperextension of the tibiaLigaments continued: Ligaments continued Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), attaches posteriorly to the tibia, and to the anterior surface of the lateral medial condyle of the femur. Prevents: Posterior displacement of the tibia on a fixed femur. Ligaments continued: Ligaments continued Medial collateral ligament (MCL) connects from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial tibia through the medial meniscus. Prevents: Medially directed shear forces (valgus) Rotational forcesLigaments continued: Ligaments continued Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) connects from the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Prevents: Laterally directed shear forces (Varus) External rotation of the tibiaLigaments continued: Ligaments continued Arcuate-popliteal complex composed of the semimembranosus tendon and the popliteal ligament connects the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Prevents: Anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Hyperextension of the knee Hyperflexion of the kneePatellofemoral joint: Patellofemoral joint Triangular bone (Patella) rests between the femoral condyle to form the patellofemoral joint. Three distinct facets Increases angle of pull on the patellar tendon Glides between the femoral Trochlear groovePatellofemoral joint cont.: Patellofemoral joint cont. Greatest compressive forces occur when the knee is in 30 deg. Of flexion. Patellar positioning is maintained by: Lateral retinaculum Medial retinaculum Medial patellofemoral ligament Lateral patellofemoral ligamentMuscles of the Knee: Muscles of the Knee Rectus femoris (ext) Vastus lateralis (ext) Vastus intermedius (ext) Vastus medialis (ext) Semitendinosis (flex) Semimembranosus (flx) Biceps femoris (flex) Sartorius (flex) Gracilis (flex) Popliteus (flex) Gastrocnemius (flex) Plantaris (flex)Nerves: Nerves L4 L5 S1 S2 S3Kinematics: Kinematics Flexion primarily carried out by the hamstrings assisted by gastroc, popliteus, gracilis, and sartorius. Secondary responsibility of these muscles is to rotate the tibia Extension primarily carried out by the quadriceps group.Contusions: Contusions Fat Pad Contusion Peroneal Nerve Contusion Bursitis: Bursitis Prepatellar Deep infrapatellar bursitis Pes anserine bursitis Tibial collateral bursitis Ligamentous Injuries: Ligamentous Injuries Straight valgus Straight varus Straight anterior Straight posterior Anteromedial rotary Anterolateral rotary Posteromedial rotary Posteroladeral rotaryKnee Dislocations: Knee Dislocations Meniscal Injuries: Meniscal Injuries Longitudinal Bucket-handle Horizontal Parrot-beakPatellar and Related injuries: Patellar and Related injuries Patellofemoral stress syndrome Chondromalacia Patellae Patellar Instability and Dislocations Patella Plica Syndrome Patellar Tendinitis Osgood-Schlatter Disease Sinding-Larsen-Johansson’s Disease Extensor Tendon RuptureIT Band Friction Syndrome: IT Band Friction Syndrome Fractures: Fractures Avulsion Epiphyseal and Apophyseal Tibial Tubercle Distal Femoral Epiphyseal Stress Fractures Chondral and Osteochondral Fractures Osteochondritis Dissecans Patellar Fractures You do not have the permission to view this presentation. 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Chapter 15 Knee Conditions Esteban Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINTLite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2016 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (1) Dislike it (0) Added: November 28, 2007 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: ranjithanumasa (11 month(s) ago) good collection, could u please send me this video. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: rahman_555 (45 month(s) ago) thanks Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript Knee Conditions: Knee Conditions Chapter 15Anatomy: Anatomy Large synovial joint Two condylar articulations Medial tibiofemoral joint Lateral tibiofemoral joint Gliding joint Patellofemoral jointBones: Bones Femur Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Linea aspera Tibia Medial tibial plateau Lateral tibial plateau FibulaTibiofemoral Joint: Tibiofemoral Joint Modified hinge joint allowing some lateral and rotational motions to occur as well. Lateral epicondyle is larger than medial. Because of size difference there is a screwing home mechanism to bring the knee into full extension.Menisci: Menisci Semilunar fibrocartilage (half moon shapes) Attach to the superior plateaus of the tibia. Absorption and dissipation of force Lubrication Medial meniscus is semicircular and attaches to the medial collateral ligament Lateral meniscus is almost a complete circle and attaches to the posterior cruciate ligamentBursae: Bursae Suprapatellar bursa, lies between the femur and quadriceps femoris tendon Subpopliteal bursa, lies between the femur and the popliteal muscle Semimembranosus bursa, lies between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the semimembranosus tendon. Prepatellar bursa, lies between the skin and the anterior surface of the patellaBursae continued: Bursae continued Superficial infrapatellar bursa is located between the skin and the patellar tendon. Deep infrapatellar bursa is located between the tibial tubercle and the infrapatellar tendon.Ligaments: Ligaments Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), attaches anteriorly on the tibia, and to the posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle. Prevents: Anterior translation of the tibia on a fixed femur Posterior translation of the femur on a fixed tibia Internal and external rotation of the tibia on the femur Hyperextension of the tibiaLigaments continued: Ligaments continued Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL), attaches posteriorly to the tibia, and to the anterior surface of the lateral medial condyle of the femur. Prevents: Posterior displacement of the tibia on a fixed femur. Ligaments continued: Ligaments continued Medial collateral ligament (MCL) connects from the medial condyle of the femur to the medial tibia through the medial meniscus. Prevents: Medially directed shear forces (valgus) Rotational forcesLigaments continued: Ligaments continued Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) connects from the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Prevents: Laterally directed shear forces (Varus) External rotation of the tibiaLigaments continued: Ligaments continued Arcuate-popliteal complex composed of the semimembranosus tendon and the popliteal ligament connects the lateral condyle of the femur to the head of the fibula. Prevents: Anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Hyperextension of the knee Hyperflexion of the kneePatellofemoral joint: Patellofemoral joint Triangular bone (Patella) rests between the femoral condyle to form the patellofemoral joint. Three distinct facets Increases angle of pull on the patellar tendon Glides between the femoral Trochlear groovePatellofemoral joint cont.: Patellofemoral joint cont. Greatest compressive forces occur when the knee is in 30 deg. Of flexion. Patellar positioning is maintained by: Lateral retinaculum Medial retinaculum Medial patellofemoral ligament Lateral patellofemoral ligamentMuscles of the Knee: Muscles of the Knee Rectus femoris (ext) Vastus lateralis (ext) Vastus intermedius (ext) Vastus medialis (ext) Semitendinosis (flex) Semimembranosus (flx) Biceps femoris (flex) Sartorius (flex) Gracilis (flex) Popliteus (flex) Gastrocnemius (flex) Plantaris (flex)Nerves: Nerves L4 L5 S1 S2 S3Kinematics: Kinematics Flexion primarily carried out by the hamstrings assisted by gastroc, popliteus, gracilis, and sartorius. Secondary responsibility of these muscles is to rotate the tibia Extension primarily carried out by the quadriceps group.Contusions: Contusions Fat Pad Contusion Peroneal Nerve Contusion Bursitis: Bursitis Prepatellar Deep infrapatellar bursitis Pes anserine bursitis Tibial collateral bursitis Ligamentous Injuries: Ligamentous Injuries Straight valgus Straight varus Straight anterior Straight posterior Anteromedial rotary Anterolateral rotary Posteromedial rotary Posteroladeral rotaryKnee Dislocations: Knee Dislocations Meniscal Injuries: Meniscal Injuries Longitudinal Bucket-handle Horizontal Parrot-beakPatellar and Related injuries: Patellar and Related injuries Patellofemoral stress syndrome Chondromalacia Patellae Patellar Instability and Dislocations Patella Plica Syndrome Patellar Tendinitis Osgood-Schlatter Disease Sinding-Larsen-Johansson’s Disease Extensor Tendon RuptureIT Band Friction Syndrome: IT Band Friction Syndrome Fractures: Fractures Avulsion Epiphyseal and Apophyseal Tibial Tubercle Distal Femoral Epiphyseal Stress Fractures Chondral and Osteochondral Fractures Osteochondritis Dissecans Patellar Fractures