chp 01 ts done

Chapter 1Discovering the Night Sky: 

Chapter 1 Discovering the Night Sky

Course Announcements: 

Course Announcements Evening Lecture Series Dates To receive credit (5% of your grade), take at least one page of notes and ask the host, Dr. Flemming to put the official stamp on your notes after the talk. Observatory Signup List (across from room 204) Maximum of ten people in each 45 minute block Make a list of each item you observe and, if appropriate, a sketch and have your work signed or stamped by the observatory personnel. You need to purchase both DISCOVERING THE UNIVERSE and Prather/Slater course notes at the bookstore.

What do you think?: 

What do you think? How bright is the North Star, Polaris, compared to other stars? Are constellations just mythic figures in the sky? What causes the seasons? How many zodiac constellations are there? When, if ever, is the Moon visible during the daytime?

Constellations make locating stars easy: 

Constellations make locating stars easy

Constellations - 88 semi-rectanglular regions in the sky: 

Constellations - 88 semi-rectanglular regions in the sky Northern constellations have Latinized Greek-mythology names: Orion, Cygnus, Leo, Ursa Major, Canis Major, Canis Minor Southern constellations have Latin names: Telescopium, Sextans, Pyxsis Official constellation names come from the IAU (International Astronomical Union)

Asterisms: 

Asterisms are familiar shapes in the sky - but are not constellations examples of asterisms: square of Pegasus keystone of Hercules Big Dipper Northern Cross Summer Triangle

Stars are officially named in one of two ways:: 

Stars are officially named in one of two ways: Greek letters from brightest to dimmest (usually) (alpha Leonis, beta Leoni, delta Leonis) Arabic names such as Betelgeuse, Algol, and Polaris IAU Committee - International Astronomical Union

International Star Registry: 

International Star Registry Tim’s Star

Let’s Look at the Sky Facing South Tonight: 

Let’s Look at the Sky Facing South Tonight Anyone recognize any shapes here?

Star Names: 

Star Names Alpha Canis Major DOG STAR - SIRIUS Betelgeuse Aldebaran Rigel

Star Names: 

Star Names Sirius Aldebaran

Slide13: 

Pleiades Seven Sisters Subaru

Use the winter triangle to find southern constellations during winter evenings: 

Use the winter triangle to find southern constellations during winter evenings

Remember: Constellations are boundaries: 

Remember: Constellations are boundaries Canis Major Orion Taurus

Remember: ASTERISMS are familiar shapes: 

Remember: ASTERISMS are familiar shapes Orion

Zodiac - The 13 constellations that our Sun covers in the course of one year (used to be only 12): 

Zodiac - The 13 constellations that our Sun covers in the course of one year (used to be only 12) Aquarius Pisces Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Libra Virgo Scorpius Ophiuchus Sagittarius Capricornus

Astrology: The belief that the positions of the stars and planets as seen from Earth impact human events.: 

Astrology: The belief that the positions of the stars and planets as seen from Earth impact human events. Your Birth Sign ROUGHLY, it is the constellation that the Sun is covering up during the day you are born if you were born 2000 years ago.

Nightly Motion of the Stars: 

Nightly Motion of the Stars Looking South: All stars rise in the eastern sky, move east to west and set in the western sky. How long does it take for a star to rise and set? Why?

Use the Big Dipper in the northern sky as a way to find other groups of stars: 

Use the Big Dipper in the northern sky as a way to find other groups of stars

Use the Summer Triangle to find southern constellations during summer evenings: 

Use the Summer Triangle to find southern constellations during summer evenings

Angular distances between stars in the sky are measured in degrees: 

Angular distances between stars in the sky are measured in degrees

Angular distances between stars in the sky are measured in degrees: 

Angular distances between stars in the sky are measured in degrees

Chapter 1Discovering the Night Sky: 

Chapter 1 Discovering the Night Sky

Course Announcements: 

Course Announcements Evening Lecture Series Dates To receive credit (5% of your grade), take at least one page of notes and ask the host, Dr. Flemming to put the official stamp on your notes after the talk. Observatory Signup List (across from room 204) Maximum of ten people in each 45 minute block Make a list of each item you observe and, if appropriate, a sketch and have your work signed or stamped by the observatory personnel. You need to purchase both DISCOVERING THE UNIVERSE and Prather/Slater course notes at the bookstore – AND we need you to bring a pencil to class

Use the winter triangle to find southern constellations during winter evenings: 

Use the winter triangle to find southern constellations during winter evenings

Zodiac - The 13 constellations that our Sun covers (from west to east) in the course of one year (used to be only 12): 

Zodiac - The 13 constellations that our Sun covers (from west to east) in the course of one year (used to be only 12) Aquarius Pisces Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Libra Virgo Scorpius Ophiuchus Sagittarius Capricornus

Nightly Motion of the Stars: 

Nightly Motion of the Stars Looking South: All stars rise in the eastern sky, move east to west and set in the western sky. Looking North: Stars seem to move counter-clockwise around the stationary North Star The altitude of the North Star depends on your latitude on Earth

Looking North: Circumpolar Stars: 

Looking North: Circumpolar Stars constellations and stars that are visible any night of the year in the NORTHERN sky e.g., Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cepheus, and Cassiopeia Circumpolar stars seem to move counter clockwise around the stationary north star

Use the Big Dipper in the northern sky as a way to find other groups of stars: 

Use the Big Dipper in the northern sky as a way to find other groups of stars

A spinning imaginary Celestial Sphere surrounding Earth aids in navigating the sky: 

A spinning imaginary Celestial Sphere surrounding Earth aids in navigating the sky

Elements of the equatorial coordinate system on the celestial sphere: 

Elements of the equatorial coordinate system on the celestial sphere Vernal Equinox: The position of the Sun on the first day of spring Right Ascension: How far east of the Vernal Equinox an object is located Celestial Equator: The line separating the celestial sphere into northern and southern halves. Declination: How far above or below the celestial equator an object is located.

Earth’s rotation causes the Sun and stars to appear to move: 

Earth’s rotation causes the Sun and stars to appear to move

Motion of Stars at the North Pole: 

Motion of Stars at the North Pole

Motion of Stars at the Equator: 

Motion of Stars at the Equator

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it): 

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it) Please use a #2 pencil and please do not discuss the answer with your neighbor. You get points for an honest effort, not for getting the right answer.

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it): 

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it) Please use a #2 pencil and please do not discuss the answer with your neighbor. You get points for an honest effort, not for getting the right answer.

Tutorial #1: POSITION: 

Tutorial #1: POSITION Turn to the person next to you and introduce yourself, tell them where you are from, and what you are studying at U of A Working in pairs, complete the POSITION tutorial. You should discuss each question and be sure you are each using the same reasoning. If you get stuck, feel free to ask the pair of people next to you. It won’t help you if you just get the answer from them—you need the reasoning!! You won’t turn this in – however, it is important to write complete answers as you’ll use this for studying for the exams. You have 10 minutes.

Tutorial #2: MOTION: 

Tutorial #2: MOTION Turn to the person next to you and introduce yourself, tell them where you are from, and what you are studying at U of A Working in pairs, complete the MOTION tutorial. You should discuss each question and be sure you are each using the same reasoning. If you get stuck, feel free to ask the pair of people next to you. It won’t help you if you just get the answer from them—you need the reasoning!! You won’t turn this in – however, it is important to write complete answers as you’ll use this for studying for the exams. You have 10 minutes.

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it): 

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it) Please use a #2 pencil and please do not discuss the answer with your neighbor. You get points for an honest effort, not for getting the right answer.

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it): 

Put your ID number on the bubble sheet (please, do NOT put your name on it) Please use a #2 pencil and please do not discuss the answer with your neighbor. You get points for an honest effort, not for getting the right answer.

Seasonal Stars: 

Seasonal Stars Stars that are only visible during certain parts of the year. summer stars winter stars Circumpolar stars

What about the Sun? It seems to move across the celestial sphere on a path called the ecliptic.: 

What about the Sun? It seems to move across the celestial sphere on a path called the ecliptic.

Position of the “noon-time” Sun when photographed every two weeks over a year: 

Position of the “noon-time” Sun when photographed every two weeks over a year

The “altitude” of the Sun impacts how much energy is received on Earth resulting in seasons.: 

The “altitude” of the Sun impacts how much energy is received on Earth resulting in seasons.

The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation: 

The seasons are caused by the tilt of the Earth’s axis of rotation

In other words ...: 

In other words ... The Earth’s rotation on its axis determines the length of the day The Earth’s orbit around the Sun (revolution) determines the length of the year The Earth’s tilt with respect to the ecliptic causes the seasons.

Precession is a slow, circular motion of the Earth’s axis of rotation: 

Precession is a slow, circular motion of the Earth’s axis of rotation

Precession causes the position of the NCP to change over a period of 26,000 years. : 

Precession causes the position of the NCP to change over a period of 26,000 years.

Chapter 1Discovering the Night Sky: 

Chapter 1 Discovering the Night Sky Last names N-Z should be over at the Flandrau Planetarium right now (across Cherry Street) Test Review Tuesday 3:30-4:30 in room 204

The changing phases of the Moon originally inspired the concept of the month: 

The changing phases of the Moon originally inspired the concept of the month

Moon Phase Names: 

Moon Phase Names New Moon Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter Waning Crescent New Moon

Slide56: 

Although the Moon is always  lit from the Sun, we see different amounts of the lit portion from Earth depending on where the Moon is located in its month-long orbit.

Slide57: 

How long does it take to go from new moon to new moon? 27.3 days 29.5 days How long does it take the Moon to orbit Earth?

Eclipses occur only when the Moon crosses the ecliptic AND during the new or full phase: 

Eclipses occur only when the Moon crosses the ecliptic AND during the new or full phase

Slide59: 

Types of Lunar Eclipses total eclipse penumbral eclipse partial eclipse

Solar Eclipse: 

Solar Eclipse

Seasonal Stars: 

Seasonal Stars Stars that are only visible during certain parts of the year. summer stars winter stars Circumpolar stars

Slide65: 

25. The diagram below shows Earth and the Sun as well as five different possible positions for the Moon. Which position of the Moon best corresponds with the phase of the Moon shown in the figure at the right?                                

Slide66: 

26. When the Moon appears to completely cover the Sun (a solar eclipse), the Moon must be at which phase? a)      full b)      new c)      first quarter d)      last quarter e)      at no particular phase 

Slide67: 

27. Which phase of the Moon is represented in the figure at the right? a)      waxing crescent b)      first quarter c)      waning crescent d)      full moon e)      waning gibbous 28.  You observe a full moon rising in the east. Which image shown below best represents how the Moon will appear when it sets?

Foundations I and Chapter 1Discovering the Night Sky: 

Foundations I and Chapter 1 Discovering the Night Sky Thursday’s exam on text pages 2-40, LT’s 1-3, 6-9, and lecture notes Test Review TODAY 3:30-4:30 in room 204

Slide69: 

Horizon View Facing East at sunset

How To Use a Circular Star Chart: 

How To Use a Circular Star Chart Spin the chart until the label for the direction you are looking is “right side up” Hold the chart up at roughly a 45° angle The dark black line represents the horizon

Slide71: 

January

Slide72: 

February

Slide73: 

8. You go out tonight and see the brightest star in the constellation Orion rise at about 10 PM. One week from now this star will rise at about a)      9:30 PM. b)      10:00 PM. (i.e., any change will not be noticeable) c)      10:30 PM. d)      10 AM. 9. One night, you see the star Sirius rise at exactly 7:36 PM. The following night it will rise at a)      7:36 PM. b)      7:40 PM. c)      7:32 PM. d)      8:36 PM.

Slide74: 

10. One evening at midnight you observe Leo high in the southern sky. Virgo is to the east of Leo and Cancer is to the west. One month earlier, which of these constellations was high in the southern sky at midnight? a)      Leo b)      Virgo c)      Cancer

Slide75: 

E

Slide76: 

23. Consider the star map for July 1 at midnight, shown above. What is the name of the star group that will appear highest in the sky? a)      Scorpius b)      Corona Borealis c)      Draco d)      Ursa Minor e)      Auriga 24. Using the same star map as the previous question, what is the name of the star group that will be directly overhead when looking to the east on July 1 at midnight? a)      Crater b)      Ursa Major c)      Draco d)      Cygnus e)      Equuleus

What did you think?: 

What did you think? How bright is the North Star, Polaris, compared to other stars? Polaris is a star of medium brightness compared to other stars visible to the naked eye. Are constellations just mythic figures in the sky? A constellation is an entire region on the celestial sphere and all that stars in it. What causes the seasons? The tilt of Earth’s rotational axis causes the seasons. How many zodiac constellations are there? There are 13 zodiac constellations, the “unknown one is Ophiuchus. When, if ever, is the Moon visible during the daytime? The Moon is visible during the day for half of the lunar cycle of phases.

Self-Check: 

Self-Check 1. Describe the nature and value of constellations. 2. Define the elements of the equatorial coordinate system on the celestial sphere. 3. Define two solstices and two equinoxes; explain the orientation of the ecliptic on the celestial sphere and how it produces seasons on the Earth. 4. Describe what precession is, what effect it has on our observations of stars, and why it occurs. 5. Explain by drawing a diagram showing how lunar phases are controlled by the relative positions of the Sun and the Moon. 6. Explain when and why solar and lunar eclipses occur and why there are not such eclipses every month.

Self-Checkfrom Foundations #1: 

Self-Check from Foundations #1 1.Explain the process of the scientific method. 2.Discuss the importance of using physical laws and laboratory measurements in astronomy to investigate remote objects. 3.State the values of numbers expressed in powers-of-ten notation and compare the relative magnitudes of such numbers. 4.Define the major units used by astronomers to express distances and explain the value of using these different systems of units.

North: 

North

South: 

South

East: 

East

West: 

West

Jupiter: 

Jupiter

Sirius in Canis Major: 

Sirius in Canis Major

Betelgeuse in Orion: 

Betelgeuse in Orion

Rigel in Orion: 

Rigel in Orion

Aldebaran in Taurus: 

Aldebaran in Taurus

Pleiades Cluster: 

Pleiades Cluster

Polaris The North Star: 

Polaris The North Star

Big Dipper: 

Big Dipper

Little Dipper: 

Little Dipper

Casseopia: 

Casseopia

Mars: 

Mars

Mercury: 

Mercury

Saturn: 

Saturn