JanConrad mar10 06

The AMANDA neutrino telescope: Results from GRB and dark matter searches: 

The AMANDA neutrino telescope: Results from GRB and dark matter searches Jan Conrad (KTH, Stockholm)

Content: 

Content AMANDA/IceCube. AMANDA results on neutrinos from Dark Matter candidates AMANDA results on neutrinos from GRBs I’ll keep it really simple …..

Slide3: 

USA (14) Europe (15) Japan New Zealand Alabama University, USA Bartol Research Institute, Delaware, USA Pennsylvania State University, USA UC Berkeley, USA UC Irvine, USA Clark-Atlanta University, USA University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA Univ. of Maryland, USA IAS, Princeton, USA University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA University of Wisconsin-River Falls, USA LBNL, Berkeley, USA University of Kansas, USA Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, USA Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Université de Mons-Hainaut, Belgium Universiteit Gent, Belgium Humboldt Universität, Germany Universität Mainz, Germany DESY Zeuthen, Germany Universität Dortmund, Germany Universität Wuppertal, Germany MPI Heidelberg, Germany Uppsala University, Sweden Stockholm University, Sweden Imperial College, London, UK Oxford University, UK Utrecht University, Netherlands Chiba University, Japan University of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ ANTARCTICA The IceCube Collaboration (formerly known as AMANDA)

South Pole: 

South Pole AMANDA B-10: 10 strings, 302 Optical Modules (1997-1999) AMANDA-II: 19 Strings, 677 Optical Modules (2000-2004) Trigger rate: ~60 Hz (mostly downgoing muons) Angular resolution: δθ ~ 3° (most probable for GRB search) South Pole

Detection principle: 

Detection principle O(10m) Cascades, ne , nt and Neutral Current O(km) muons from nm ~10-20 m Optical module

Slide6: 

IceCube Neutrino Observatory IceTop air shower array 80 pair of ice Cherenkov tanks IceCube 80 strings with 60 optical modules 17 m between optical modules 125 m between strings 1 Gton detector! Present status: 9 strings deployed !

Physics Motivations and Goals: 

Physics Motivations and Goals Attractive astronomical messengers: Transparent Universe (≠γ) Travel in straight line (≠p) Produced in hadronic accelerators ? Study of: Sources: AGNs, SNRs, GRBs... neutrino-physics: oscillations, cross-sections.. “new” physics: WIMPS, monopoles...

Steady point source: progress in sensitivity (ego slide): 

optimized for E-2, (*) E-2, 3 signal * lim  0.68·10-8 cm-2s-1 Preliminary Steady point source: progress in sensitivity (ego slide) time >10 GeV 1999b: Jan’s analysis Jan’s model, still not excluded 

Since I am among friends ..some words on 1ES 1955+650: 

Since I am among friends ..some words on 1ES 1955+650 AMANDA II sees 5 neutrinos during a period of 4 years The expected background is 3.7 It turns out 3 out of the 5 events are detected within a period of 66 days (which happens to be while 1ES1955 is in a flaring state) I calculate significance of: 3.2 σ (no trial factors) 66 days ? Would I bet on it ? Well, yes .....

Neutralino as dark matter candidate(in one minute): 

Neutralino as dark matter candidate (in one minute) Cosmological observations m ~ 0.30 b ~ 0.05 Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model R- parity conserved  LSP stable = neutralino  interacts weakly  = GeV-TeV mass = dark matter??? stable $ dark, non-baryonic matter What is it ?

MSSM: presentation: 

MSSM: presentation Bosons  Fermions ( ~double the particle content, and introduce many new couplings)  106 free parameters Each star represents a particular model All other parameters fixed Exclusion/Inclusion limit

Slide12: 

Neutralino capture Higher density  appreciable rates

Slide13: 

“down” “up” Neutralino signals

Slide14: 

Earth 1997-1999 (paper in preparation) Sun 2001 (submitted to Astrop. Phys.) Analysis Cuts, ANN Cuts, ANN

Slide15: 

Earth 1997-1999 (paper in preparation) Sun 2001 (Astropart.Phys.24:459-466,2006 ) Results Cos Θ

Results cont’d: 

Limits on muon flux from Earth center Limits on muon flux from Sun Results cont’d Submitted for publication Published in Astrpart. Phys. Low mass  high BR into tautau  nu can play role Disfavored by direct search (CDMS II)

And now to something else....: 

And now to something else....

Slide18: 

Observations indicate: synchrotron radiation or inverse compton as source of prompt emission GRBs are unique, varying from burst to burst and class to class (short, long, X-ray strong). Durations: .1-100s, 0.1-1Mev gammas relativistic expansion from a compact object R ≤ 2Γ2cDt (compact explains rapid variability, relativistic expansions lets high energy gammas escape) (Isotropic) GRBs in a minute

Neutrinos from GRBS: 

Neutrinos from GRBS Hadron Acceleration ?! - COSMIC RAYS ?

Slide20: 

A Distant GRB CGRO IceCube AMANDA γ, ν ν IPN Satellites (HETE, Swift, etc.) GRB timing/localization information from correlations among satellites

Analysis strategies: 

Background region is approximately ±60 minutes surrounding each GRB (determined by BATSE/IPN) Omit ±5 minutes surrounding GRB trigger time Analyse large number of BATSE GRBs assuming average neutrino spectrum (“mass search”) OR look at individual GRB: model neutrino spectrum from e.-m. observations (“individual search”) Analysis strategies

Event quality selection: 

Cuts based on: event time relative to BATSE trigger reconstructed track direction relative to burst position uniformity of hits along reconstructed track event-wise angular resolution of reconstructed track  Optimize with respect to figure of merit Event quality selection

Results: Mass search: 

Assuming prediction from Waxman&Bahcall Phys.Rev.D59:023002,1999 Eν2Φν < 4x10-8 GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 Results: Mass search Note: O(10) times the WB bound

Results: individual search, example: GRB030329: 

Close: z ~ 0.17 Among top 0.2 % of the 2700 BATSE GRBS (Fluence) Peak flux 100 x Crab [Razzaque et al., PRD 69 023001 (2004)] Results: individual search, example: GRB030329

General strategy: 

General strategy Fit photon-spectrum with empirical ”Band function” get redshift from observations of optical afterglow calculate expected neutrino spectrum from photon spectrum under certain assumptions For example: Photon meson production (protons accelerated in the shock, photons are synchrotron photons in the jet) See Guetta et a,l Astropart.Phys.20:429-455,2004

Band spectrum: 

Band spectrum Ag, a, b, egb, egP Spectral Fit Parameters

Neutrino spectrum: 

Neutrino spectrum is expected to trace the photon spectrum. Is function of : fluence, T90, redshift, gamma luminosity Traces gammas (low) Traces gamma (high) Pions loose energy in sync radiation Neutrino spectrum

Individual vs. Average (GRB 030329): 

Individual vs. Average (GRB 030329)

Conclusions: 

Conclusions Dark matter search: no dark matter found, ICECUBE might be sensitive to class of models which are not allerady excluded by CDMS, looking at the sun GRBs: no neutrinos from GRBs found IceCube will have order of magnitude larger effective area Detection likely to come from one exceptional (high fluence) burst, rather than average burst

References: 

References http://icecube.wisc.edu/ Wimps in AMANDA: D. Hubert, talk given at DM 2006 (Marina del Rey) AMANDA collab: Astropart.Phys.24:459-466,2006 (solar) AMANDA collab: Phys.Rev.D66:032006,2002 (terrestrial) GRBs in AMANDA: M.Stamatikos : to appear in SWIFT symposium IceCube collab: M. Stamatikos: ICRC 2005, Puna, India Guetta et. al: Astropart.Phys.20:429-455,2004 E. Waxman & J. Bahcall: Phys.Rev.D59:023002,1999 IceCube collab: K. Kuehn: ICRC 2005, Puna, India