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Usefulness of GIS in Strategic Planning: 

Usefulness of GIS in Strategic Planning Markus M. Hedorfer Venice University of Architecture — Department of Urban Planning Venice, 6th July 1999

Introduction: 

Introduction What Is ? What Are ? ?

What Is Geospatial Information?: 

What Is Geospatial Information? Information that can be located on the Earth’s surface. The Concept:

What Is Geospatial Information?: 

Class: “Residential Building” Height: 14.50 m Volume: 10,600.00 m3 Ground-Floor Height: 3.00 m Number of Floors: 3 Number of Basement Floors: 1 Attic Height: 2.50 m Number of Apartments: 12 Inhabitants: 38 Residential Volume: 27,000.00 m3 Commercial Area: 750.00 m2 What Is Geospatial Information? Locational Data The Concept: Attribute Data Boundings: Vertex 1 at (30;20) Vertex 2 at (20;40) Vertex 3 at (60;60) Vertex 4 at (70;40) Area: 800.00 m2 Perimeter: 120.00 m

What Is Geospatial Information?: 

What Is Geospatial Information? Topological Data And In Addition: Building 3-1 borders with building 2-1, paved area 2-2, paved area 3-2, paved area 4-2, building 4-1, building 5-1, garden area 5-3, and garden area 3-3.

What Is Geospatial Information?: 

What Is Geospatial Information? Where — What? (Combined) Q: Where is the railway station? A: It’s about 500 meters from here moving to south west. Q: Where is the City of Venice? A: It’s approximately at 12.33° East and 45.41° North. Q: What area has the Veneto Region? A: It has an area of about 18,364 km2. Some Examples:

What Is Geospatial Information?: 

What Is Geospatial Information? Where — What? (Combined) Q: By which Provinces is composed the Veneto Region? A: It’s composed by the Provinces of Venice, Padua, Vicenza, Verona, Rovigo, Treviso, and Belluno. Q: With which Regions does the Veneto Region share its border line? A: It shares its border line with the Regions of Emilia-Romagna, Lombardy, Trentino-South Tyrol, Tyrol (Austria), Carinthia (Austria), and Friuli-Julian Veneto. Q: Which Regions does the River Po cross? A: It crosses the Regions of Piedmont, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, and Veneto. But Also:

What Is Geospatial Information?: 

What Is Geospatial Information? Where — What? (Combined) Q: Which Townships are located completely or partially inside the 30-minutes isochronal of the Venice railway station using the public transportation system? A: The Townships of Venice, Mira, Dolo, Pianiga, Vigonza, Padua, Spinea, Mirano, Martellago, Salzano, Noale, Mogliano Veneto, Preganziol, Treviso, Marcon, Quarto d’Altino, and Roncade. Q: Is there a place in the Venice Township where can be located a factory of at least 100,000 m2, that produces some noise, and that needs to be connected by industrial railways? A: Yes, there is such a place. It can be found in the southern part of the Porto Marghera industrial area. And Some More Complex Queries:

What Are Geospatial Information Systems?: 

What Are Geospatial Information Systems? Geospatial Information Systems are those Computer-Aided Data Management Systems that are able to perform the previously mentioned spatial queries in a completely automated way. A Very Simple Definition:

What Are Geospatial Information Systems?: 

What Are Geospatial Information Systems? 1. GIS Software Software that makes you able to perform geospatial analysis 2. Geospatial Data Data to be analysed and to be used to produce other data 3. Geospatial Data Handling Procedures Procedural encoding to perform geospatial analysis Components of a Geospatial Information System:

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How To Manage Correctly Geospatial Information? 1. Layer-Based Model Geospatial information is splitted into several graphics-oriented geometrically independent object assemblage 2. Attribute-Based Model Geospatial information is stored as a two-dimensional continuum of geometrically dependent feature classes Two Contrasting Management Techniques:

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Layer-Based vs. Attribute-Based Venice-Mestre General Programme of Urban Planning (Piano Regolatore Generale) Courtesy of the Venice Township Administration (1998) Example #1:

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Layer-Based vs. Attribute-Based Layer-Based Model

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Layer “Zoning” Layer “Action Plans” Layer “Urban Renewal Areas” Layer “Woodland Residues”

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Layer-Based vs. Attribute-Based Attribute-Based Model

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Topology-Oriented Attribute-Based Data Encoding The Venice Lagoon Taken from the SISALV — Experimental Geospatial Information System at the IUAV for the Venice Lagoon (1996-1998) Example #2:

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TIPO Surface Descriptor (Numeric) VALLE Fishery Number LAGUNA Inside/Outside Lagoon Delimitation Polygon Attribute Table: Attributes LP_TIPO Left-Polygon “TIPO” RP_TIPO Right-Polygon “TIPO” LP_VALLE Left-Polygon “VALLE” RP_VALLE Right-Polygon “VALLE” LP_LAGUNA Left-Polygon “LAGUNA” RP_LAGUNA Right-Polygon “LAGUNA” Line Attribute Table (Related to Polygon Attribute Table):

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TIPO >= 10 AND TIPO <= 19 Polygon Attribute Table: Dry Land

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TIPO >= 60 AND TIPO <= 79 Polygon Attribute Table: Low Waters

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TIPO >= 80 AND TIPO <= 89 Polygon Attribute Table: Lagoon Canals

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TIPO >= 90 AND TIPO <= 99 Polygon Attribute Table: Open Sea

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(LP_TIPO >= 10 AND LP_TIPO <= 19) XOR (RP_TIPO >= 10 XOR RP_TIPO <= 19) Line Attribute Table Related to Polygon Attribute Table: Dry Land Limits

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((LP_TIPO >= 80 AND LP_TIPO <= 89) XOR (RP_TIPO >= 80 XOR RP_TIPO <= 89)) AND NOT ((LP_TIPO >= 10 AND LP_TIPO <= 19) XOR (RP_TIPO >= 10 XOR RP_TIPO <= 19)) Line Attribute Table Related to Polygon Attribute Table: Lagoon Canal Limits (Without Dry Land Limits)

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LP_VALLE <> RP_VALLE Line Attribute Table Related to Polygon Attribute Table: Fishery Limits

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LP_LAGUNA <> RP_LAGUNA Line Attribute Table Related to Polygon Attribute Table: 1990 Lagoon Delimitation

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Attribute-Based Geospatial Analysis Castelfranco Veneto (Province of Treviso) Settlement and Population Distribution Taken from the Preliminary Analysis Chapter for the General Programme of Urban Planning (1998) Example #3:

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Purpose

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Problem: How To Recognise Proto-Villages?

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Data Lack: There Are No Detailed Geospatial Data About Population Distribution!

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Population Distribution Model To each residential building is attached a reference to the census tract to which it belongs 1. For each census tract the total built-up area is calculated 2. Population is distributed between (attached to) residential buildings in order to each building’s “weight” (area percentage of total built-up area) 3. An appropriated buffer around each building is generated in order to simulate contiguous urbanised areas 4. For each contiguous urbanised area the total population is calculated 5. Geospatial information is displayed adopting appropriated population value ranges 6. Contiguous Urbanised Surface Simulation