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Slide5: 

Photo Credit: Ability First

Slide6: 

“Photo courtesy of Rex Geissler, GCI http://greatcommission.com

Eliminating the Stigma of Differences: 

Eliminating the Stigma of Differences © Mental Health Connection of Tarrant County and Community Solutions of Fort Worth (2005)

Slide8: 

What were your reactions to each of these pictures?

Slide9: 

Why did you have those reactions? When we see someone we might like, what do we see? What about someone we don’t think we’ll like?

Slide10: 

Do we judge people by: The way they look? The clothes they wear? The way they wear their hair? Their reactions to us? Anything else?

Stigma: 

Stigma A sign of social unacceptability A mark of shame or discredit

Stigma: 

Stigma Why do we treat others differently?

Stigma: 

Stigma Why do we treat others differently? Why do people who are different sometimes scare us?

Stigma: 

Stigma Do you think others might see you as different in any way?

Stigma: 

Stigma What can you do to overcome the stigma of differences?

Overcoming stigma: 

Overcoming stigma Educate yourself about differences so you understand them better Stop others from making fun of people who are different Photo credit: Human Relations Media www.hrmvideo.com

Overcoming stigma: 

Overcoming stigma Be compassionate and understand some behaviors may be due to an illness Take care in what you say. Avoid hurtful words

Stigma: 

Stigma

Stigma : 

Stigma

Stigma: 

Stigma Assignment: Find a picture and article about someone who seems different in the newspaper, a magazine or on the Internet.

Stigma: 

Stigma Without reading the article, write the following: Why is this person different? What is my first reaction to this person?

Stigma: 

Stigma Now read about the person and add the following to your paper: Was I right about this person? Why or why not?

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Eating disorders are extreme expressions about weight and food issues All are serious emotional problems and a form of mental illness Photo Credit: The Walker Wellness Clinic

Eating Disorders : 

Eating Disorders Causes: Feelings of not being good enough Depression Anxiety Loneliness

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Causes Troubled family and personal relationships Society’s obsession with thinness & the perfect body

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Causes Peer pressure

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Treatment With professional help, people can and do recover and lead a normal life

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Three types: Anorexia Nervosa or Anorexia Bulimia Nervosa or Bulimia Compulsive Overeating

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Anorexia Intense fear of body fat and weight gain Feeling fat even though others see thin Artwork Courtesy of Rader Programs

Eating Disorders: 

Eating Disorders Bulimia Binge eating and purging

Healthy Eating: 

Healthy Eating

Eating Disorders/Healthy Eating: 

Eating Disorders/Healthy Eating Assignment Look through the newspaper, a magazine or the Internet and find something you think is beautiful. Be prepared to tell why you think it’s beautiful.

Mental Illnesses: 

Mental Illnesses Can happen to anyone, of any age, anywhere.

What is mental illness?: 

What is mental illness? A group of mental disorders that causes severe disturbances in thinking, feeling and relating. People with mental illness often have difficulty dealing with daily life.

What is mental illness? : 

What is mental illness? Changes in thinking, mood, behavior Decreases ability to function Leads to: pain disability injury loss of freedom death

What causes mental illness?: 

What causes mental illness? Changes or abnormalities in the brain’s chemistry

What causes mental illness?: 

What causes mental illness? General medical factors Medications Psychological scars/emotional trauma

What causes mental illness?: 

What causes mental illness? Heredity Street drugs and alcohol Studies show marijuana use doubles the risk of developing a mental illness such as schizophrenia due to chemical changes in the brain caused by the drug

Who can develop mental illness?: 

Who can develop mental illness? Occurs in all ages, ethnicities and religions Males and females Research underway to learn more about the reasons people develop mental illness

Teens and mental illness: 

Teens and mental illness More than half of all chronic mental illnesses start by age 14 Three-fourths of all chronic mental illnesses start by age 24 (National Comorbidity Survey Replication, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, 2005)

Facts about mental illness: 

Facts about mental illness Many cases of mental illness start with easy-to-miss symptoms, such as mild anxiety or shyness These mild symptoms can progress into severe depression, phobias and clinical anxiety

Facts about mental illness: 

Facts about mental illness On average, people wait between 4 and 23 years to receive treatment for their mental illness, depending on the illness

Facts about mental illness: 

Facts about mental illness Delays: Major Depressive Disorder 8 years Bipolar Disorder 6 years Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 12 years (SOURCE: National Comorbidity Survey Replication | By Seth Hamblin - THE WASHINGTON POST)

Mental illness is treatable: 

Mental illness is treatable Success rates: Depression 65 to 70 percent Schizophrenia (first episode) 60 percent Bipolar Disorder 80 percent

Comparison Survival Rates: 

Comparison Survival Rates Cancer 50 percent Heart Failure 30 percent

Facts about mental illness: 

Facts about mental illness Reasons for delay in seeking treatment: Lack of knowledge Lack of medical insurance Stigma – afraid of what others will think

Slide49: 

Early intervention leads to higher chance of recovery, but stigma delays treatment

Stigma: 

Stigma As it relates to mental illness: Negative attitudes and beliefs that lead to: Fear Rejection Avoidance Discrimination

Stigma: 

Stigma People’s reactions Bullying Harassment Violence Avoidance Fear Photo credit: Human Relations Media www.hrmvideo.com

Stigma: 

Stigma People’s reactions Name Calling: Crazy Weird Psycho Insane Loony Maniac Photo credit: Human Relations Media www.hrmvideo.com

What people think: 

What people think Almost 30% of all people in Tarrant County believe there is something about people with mental illness that makes it easy to tell them from “normal” people

What people think: 

What people think More than 40% believe anyone with a history of mental illness should not be allowed to run for public office More than half believe major depression might be caused by the way a person was raised

What people think: 

What people think More than 40% believe major depression is caused by a lack of will power

Stigma: 

Stigma Result: People do not seek help for fear of rejection, discrimination, ridicule Photo credit: ABC-of-Yoga.com

Stigma: 

Stigma Students with mental illness may: Feel embarrassed Hide their symptoms Try to “self medicate,” often with street drugs Make bad choices to “fit in”

Why fight stigma: 

Why fight stigma Today, suicide is the third leading cause of death among adolescents

Why fight stigma?: 

Why fight stigma? There is hope – people can and do recover from mental illness

Why fight stigma?: 

Why fight stigma? Without stigma, people with mental illness will be accepted and feel comfortable reaching out for help

Why fight stigma?: 

Why fight stigma? With early intervention, treatment may be more effective

Why fight stigma?: 

Why fight stigma? Perhaps teens will reach out for help if they: Understand their symptoms Do not feel embarrassed Know they can recover

Stigma and mental illness: 

Stigma and mental illness Assignment: Imagine someone you know has been hospitalized for a mental illness Write a letter to that individual

Stigma and mental illness: 

Stigma and mental illness Assignment How many students know someone with a mental illness? Hold a classroom discussion on the ways that person coped with the illness.

Slide65: 

Photo credit: © Braden David (2002, 2003)

Types of mental illness: 

Types of mental illness Impulse Control Disorders Anxiety Disorders Mood Disorders Psychotic Disorders

Misunderstood mental illnesses: 

Misunderstood mental illnesses Schizophrenia Not very common NOT “split personality” or Multiple Personality Disorder

Definition of Schizophrenia: 

Definition of Schizophrenia A serious mental illness that interferes with a person's ability to think clearly, distinguish reality from fantasy, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to others. People with schizophrenia often see or hear things that are not there and may believe someone is controlling their minds

Schizophrenia: 

Schizophrenia May have heard about violence Few people with mental illness are violent Some studies show people with mental illness are more likely to become victims of violence than the rest of society

Misunderstood mental illnesses: 

Misunderstood mental illnesses Schizophrenia Medications for schizophrenia are highly successful in treating the disease When someone with schizophrenia takes the proper medications, that individual can be a fully functioning member of society

Impulse Disorders: 

Impulse Disorders Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Definition of ADHD: 

Definition of ADHD People with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) are usually impulsive and have a short attention span. It can interfere with academics, social success and work.

Definition of ADHD: 

Definition of ADHD People with ADHD have the same symptoms as those with ADD, plus they exhibit hyperactivity, which can result in an inability to sit still.

Causes of ADHD: 

Causes of ADHD Chemical imbalances in the brain May be inherited

Typical symptoms of ADHD: 

Typical symptoms of ADHD Inability to focus Always in motion Non-stop talking Difficulty waiting for a turn

Typical symptoms of ADHD: 

Typical symptoms of ADHD Interrupting others Not paying attention to details Making careless mistakes Easily distracted

How ADD/ADHD Feels: 

How ADD/ADHD Feels “When the teacher was talking and the person next to me was tapping a pencil, it was as if a three-ring circus was going on in my head.”

Treatments for ADHD: 

Treatments for ADHD Medication that helps people focus and relieves the constant need for movement

Anxiety Disorders: 

Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Agoraphobia Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Anxiety Disorders: 

Anxiety Disorders Phobias Panic Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

What are Anxiety Disorders?: 

What are Anxiety Disorders? Feelings of overwhelming fear and anxiety or worry No obvious reason for these feelings Can become worse without treatment

Symptoms: 

Symptoms Fear and worry Sweating Heart disturbances Upset stomach Dizziness

Generalized Anxiety Disorder: 

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Uncontrollable worrying about everyday things – health, money, family, work Anticipating disaster

Generalized Anxiety Disorder: 

Generalized Anxiety Disorder Additional Symptoms Trembling Muscular aches Insomnia Irritability

Agoraphobia: 

Agoraphobia Fear of anyplace where there may be no escape if panic-like symptoms occur. May include: Driving  Shopping  Crowded places  Traveling  Standing in line  Meetings

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: 

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Recurring thoughts or obsessions that reflect exaggerated worry or fears

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: 

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Typical obsessions Worry about contamination Fear of behaving improperly Fear of being violent

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: 

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Additional Symptoms Unusual rituals or routines such as: Washing hands Repeating phrases Hoarding (storing up and hiding away items)

Phobias: 

Phobias Intense, sometimes disabling fear Cause of fear poses little or no actual danger Person usually recognizes the fear is irrational

Common phobias : 

Common phobias Arachnophobia – fear of spiders Social phobia – fear of contact with crowds or social situations Public speaking Eating in public Aerophobia – fear of flying

Common phobias: 

Common phobias Claustrophobia – fear of being trapped in small, confined spaces Acrophobia – fear of heights Emetophobia – fear of vomit

Common phobias: 

Common phobias Carcinophobia – fear of cancer Brontophobia – fear of thunderstorms Necrophobia – fear of death or dead things

Panic Disorder: 

Panic Disorder Feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning Cannot predict when next attack will occur, creating more anxiety

Panic Disorder: 

Panic Disorder Additional symptoms Trembling Tingling sensations A feeling of choking

Panic Disorder: 

Panic Disorder Additional symptoms: Fear of dying Fear of losing control Feelings of unreality

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: 

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Definition: A psychological reaction that occurs after experiencing a highly stressing event such as: Physical violence Wartime combat Natural disaster

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: 

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Depression Anxiety Flashbacks Repeating nightmares

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: 

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Avoidance of reminders of event Emotionally numb, especially with people once close

Treatments: 

Treatments Antidepressant medication Therapy – talking to a professional about the issues and working out ways to cope better with anxieties and fear

ADHD and Phobias: 

ADHD and Phobias Assignment Write a paper about something that scares you Why does it scare you? Is it a reasonable fear? Do you wish you were not afraid of it?

ADHD and Phobias: 

ADHD and Phobias Assignment Review today’s lesson and list the reasons your fear is or is not a phobia

Depression & Bipolar Disorder: 

Depression & Bipolar Disorder

Depression: 

Depression Definition: A serious illness that causes feelings of extreme sadness and hopelessness that last more than two weeks

Depression: 

Depression Causes Brain chemistry Other diseases Medications Heredity Difficult life events

Depression: 

Depression Symptoms in adolescents Poor performance in school Withdrawal from friends and activities Lack of enthusiasm, energy or motivation Anger and rage

Depression: 

Depression Symptoms in adolescents Overreaction to criticism Feelings of being unable to satisfy ideals Poor self esteem or guilt Indecision, lack of concentration or forgetfulness Restlessness or agitation

Depression: 

Depression Symptoms in adolescents Changes in sleeping or eating patterns Substance abuse Problems with authority Self mutilation Suicidal thoughts or actions

Depression: 

Depression Treatments Therapy Medication

Depression: 

Depression Types of therapy Psychotherapy Explore painful events or feelings Learn coping skills

Depression: 

Depression Types of therapy Cognitive-behavioral Helps change negative patterns of thinking and behaving

Depression: 

Depression Types of therapy Interpersonal and Family Focuses on developing healthier relationships at home and at school

Depression: 

Depression Medication Antidepressants Can help relieve the negative feelings and are commonly used in conjunction with therapy Many kinds of antidepressants exist – if one does not work for a patient, another may

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Definition An illness that causes a person’s mood to swing from “high” and/or irritable to sad and hopeless, sometimes with periods of normalcy in between

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Causes Biochemical imbalance Heredity Life events that trigger the illness

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania Excessive activity, restlessness, racing thoughts and rapid talking Denial that anything is wrong Extreme high feelings – person is on top of the world and even bad news and tragic events can’t change those feelings

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania Easily irritated or distracted Decreased need for sleep Unrealistic beliefs in one’s own powers or abilities Uncharacteristically poor judgment

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania Ongoing period of behavior that is different from usual, such as dressing or acting differently

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania Ongoing period of behavior that is different from usual Indifferent to personal grooming Obsessed with writing Delusions (hallucinations)

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania Drug abuse Provocative, intrusive or aggressive behavior

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder The symptoms for the depressed state in someone with Bipolar Disorder are the same as those in someone who is depressed only.

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder It can be very difficult to diagnose Bipolar Disorder. People with the illness receive an average of 3.5 misdiagnoses and take 8 to 10 years to get a proper diagnosis and begin receiving treatment

Bipolar Disorder: 

Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medication Professional help (therapy) Support from family, friends and peers

Suicide: 

Suicide Suicide is the third most common cause of death among adolescents Suicide is preventable

Suicide: 

Suicide Warning signs in addition to depression: Talking openly about committing suicide Talking indirectly about “wanting out” or “ending it all”

Suicide: 

Suicide Warning signs in addition to depression Taking unnecessary or life-threatening risks Giving away personal possessions Making final arrangements, saying goodbyes

Suicide: 

Suicide Additional warning signs in adolescents Suicide threats, direct and indirect It is NOT normal for teens to threaten suicide Obsession with death Poems, essays and drawings that refer to death

Suicide: 

Suicide Additional warning signs in adolescents Dramatic change in personality or appearance Irrational, bizarre behavior Overwhelming sense of guilt or shame Changed eating or sleeping patterns Severe drop in school performance

Suicide: 

Suicide What you can do Tell a trusted adult immediately Be a friend and let the person know things can and will get better Know severe depression is a disease that can be successfully treated

Suicide: 

Suicide What you can do Call CARL (Community Assistance Resource Line) at 1-877-778-CARL 24/7 availability Staffed by trained clinical specialists Identify and help youth at risk for suicide Free and confidential

Depression & Bipolar Disorder: 

Depression & Bipolar Disorder Assignment: Look through the newspaper, Internet and magazines to find someone who may have symptoms of depression or Bipolar Disorder. Hold a classroom discussion: What are the symptoms What kind of help can this person receive?

Suicide : 

Suicide Assignment Imagine you have a friend who says he (she) is thinking about killing himself (herself). Hold a class discussion on actions people can take to prevent the suicide

Stigma and mental illness: 

Stigma and mental illness Assignment Hold a class discussion on reactions to people saying they need help for a possible mental illness. Does a request for help mean the person is weak? Why or why not?

Support for others: 

Support for others Assignment Find someone in the newspaper, in a magazine or on the Internet who seems to need help of some kind Write that person a letter of encouragement

Stigma: 

Stigma Assignment Write a paper on the types of differences discussed during the past several days Why is there a stigma attached to differences? How can that stigma be overcome? How can you personally help overcome that stigma?