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ISS Commercial Cargo Service: Requirements & Constraints Summary: 

Valin Thorn ISS Strategic Planning & Requirements Office http://saber.jsc.nasa.gov 281.244.7097 ISS Commercial Cargo Service Industry Day Conference April 25, 2005 ISS Commercial Cargo Service: Requirements & Constraints Summary

Purpose & Agenda: 

Purpose & Agenda Purpose Present preliminary ISS Commercial Cargo Service (ICCS) requirements Agenda Philosophy ICCS Scenario ICCS Flight Rate Cargo Categories Cargo Delivery Cargo Packaging Late & Early Access Environment Power to Payloads Rendezvous, Prox Ops Aids Flight Attitude Mating Location Options ISS Docking & Berthing Vehicle Stay Time ISS Resource Availability Robotic & EVA Compatibility Return Cargo Cargo Balance Data Key Req’s Summary Conclusion

Requirements PhilosophyService vs. Spacecraft Acquisition: 

Requirements Philosophy Service vs. Spacecraft Acquisition NASA is acquiring services, not spacecraft ISS requirements for integration of visiting vehicles still applicable Prox ops, docking, berthing, robotics, interfaces, attached operations, resource availability, safety, etc. ICCS annual cargo needs specified for maximum and minimum performance levels

ISS Commercial Cargo Service (ICCS) Scenario: 

ISS Commercial Cargo Service (ICCS) Scenario ISS Program will provide ISS cargo to ICCS provider ICCS will be responsible for Installing cargo, securing in spacecraft, and flying it to and from the ISS ISS crew will unload ICCS vehicles and repack for return ICCS will recover returned cargo and deliver to NASA

ICCS Cargo Vehicle Flight Rate: 

ICCS Cargo Vehicle Flight Rate Demonstration flights to ISS begin no later than CY 2010 Q1 Shuttle retirement Dec 2010 ICCS vehicle flight rate limited to about 6 flights/year Crew time impact for arrival and departure operations Impact to micro-g operations, still important to ISS partners Soyuz, Progress, ATV, HTV vehicles visit 10 to 12 times / year in total ICCS must be able to respond to a cargo service request within 180 days Unexpected need for crew supplies, maintenance, utilization, etc.

ISS Cargo Categories: 

ISS Cargo Categories Assembly hardware Not ICCS requirement Crew Supplies Food Water Gas Flight crew equipment Maintenance Internal & external ORUs Preventative and corrective maintenance Utilization/Research Research equipment, experiments Laboratory consumables Live specimens ISS Cargo Transportation by Cargo Type Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

Cargo Packaging: 

Cargo Packaging ISS Rack delivery not required Internal cargo usually in soft sided stowage bags Some cargo requires hard mounting Large external ORUs – CMGs, TCS pumps, etc. TCS radiators excluded because of spares already in orbit and projected need Experiment packages Express rack drawers Thermal System Pump/Valve Assembly

ISS Cargo Delivery to ICCS: 

ISS Cargo Delivery to ICCS About half the ISS cargo delivery to ICCS will occur by Launch – 3 months Over 40% of the cargo complement may not be defined until inside six months from launch Flexibility for late manifesting important

Late and Early Utilization Cargo Access: 

Late and Early Utilization Cargo Access Various payloads, such as plants and animals require late loading into the cargo vehicle Cargo service/vehicle should provide cargo access as late as 6 hours before launch Returning payload specimens and samples will need to be removed from the cargo vehicle shortly after landing The cargo service/vehicle should provide the capability to remove the payload from the cargo vehicle within 4 hours after returning to Earth

Cargo Environment: 

Cargo Environment ICCS must provide environment for cargo within ISS’s currently certified limits NASA not planning to certify ISS cargo for new environments Loads, thermal, etc.

Power/Thermal to Payloads: 

Power/Thermal to Payloads ICCS payload power and thermal requirements during transportation 500 W average 1500 W peak Return power assumed to equal delivery power needed

ISS Flight Attitude: 

ISS Flight Attitude ICCS vehicles must dock and mate with the ISS in its normal operational flight attitude X VV Z Nadir TEA X body axis on velocity vector Z body axis down/nadir TEA – Torque Equilibrium Attitude

ISS Rendezvous, Prox Ops, Docking, Berthing Aids: 

ISS Rendezvous, Prox Ops, Docking, Berthing Aids No existing automated rendezvous & docking (AR&D) system to US segment ISS provides visual aids for Shuttle prox ops/docking ICCS provided AR&D system for ISS is an available solution option HTV automated rendezvous to robotic capture and berthing DGPS & TCS navigation R-Bar approach to ISS nadir capture box – robotic berthing to Node 2 nadir Soyuz, Progress, and ESA ATV vehicles use Russian RF based, rendezvous & docking system Applicable for dockings to ISS Russian segment Service Module (SM) aft SM/Docking Compartment nadir FGB nadir

ISS Mating Location Options: 

ISS Mating Location Options ISS will have nine candidate ports for attaching vehicles or modules – each with different pros and cons

ISS Mating Location Options: 

ISS Mating Location Options The ports on the Russian Segment will be occupied nearly continuously with Soyuz, Progress, and ATVs Additional vehicles can visit these ports but will decrease the docked time of Progress and ATVs The US Segment’s ports have low occupancy rate Attaching to the US Segment offers more flexibility

ISS Docking & Berthing Ports: 

ISS Docking & Berthing Ports ISS dockings to US Segment use Russia’s Androgynous Peripheral Attachment System (APAS) +X Body: PMA2 +Z Body: PMA3 ~ 30 inch diameter ISS module interfaces use Common Berthing Mechanisms (CBMs) ISS robotic capture & mating only MPLM, HTV ~80 inch diameter CBM on Airlock Module APAS on PMA

Vehicle Stay Time: 

Vehicle Stay Time ICCS vehicles must stay at ISS long enough to transfer cargo to and from ISS Cargo transfer ops consume considerable crew time Seven day minimum stay time regardless of cargo transfer time Maximum stay time dependent on ISS operational vehicle traffic and port utilization plans Longer stay time improves ISS operational flexibility HTV at Node 2 Nadir CBM

ISS Resources for ICCS Vehicles: 

ISS Resources for ICCS Vehicles Power Allocation of 500 W average, 1500 W peak for ICCS Typically 3 KW capacity Thermal Thermal water loops available at Node 2 Nadir, Node 3, and Node 1 port side CBMs ~ 3 KW capacity Allocation of 500 W average heat rejection Inter-module ventilation Command & Data Handling (C&DH) Vehicle health, safety monitoring 1553 data bus interfaces Typical Interfaces at CBM Vestibule

Robotic & EVA Compatibility: 

Robotic & EVA Compatibility ICCS external cargo must be compatible with ISS US Segment robotic systems and EVA handling SSRMS Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM/Dextre) Mobile Transporter

Cargo Return & Disposal: 

Cargo Return & Disposal ICCS vehicles must have the capability to safely return cargo to Earth Internal cargo: 11 MT/yr max, 1 MT/yr min External cargo: 3.3 MT/yr max, 0 min Cargo disposal required for portion of ISS cargo Safe disposal requirements for expendable vehicles must be satisfied Internal cargo: 8.3 MT/yr max, 400 kg/yr min External cargo: 2.2 MT/yr max, 1400 kg/yr min Destructive Entry Cargo Recovery

Cargo Return After Landing: 

Cargo Return After Landing ICCS must return cargo to NASA soon after landing Critical cargo items within first day Remaining cargo within 14 days

ISS Cargo Supply/Delivery Balance with Shuttle Retirement: 

ISS Cargo Supply/Delivery Balance with Shuttle Retirement Assembly Hardware is not included Accommodation masses are not included Crew rotation mass not included 3 ISS Crew 6 ISS Crew 6 ISS Crew ISS Assembly ISS Assembly Complete Crew Supplies, Water, and Gas Internal Maintenance and EVA Hardware Internal Utilization External Utilization External Maintenance U.S. - Russian Bilateral Obligations Baseline Capability Commercial Cargo Services Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

PhilosophyMaximum Cargo Requirements: 

Philosophy Maximum Cargo Requirements ICCS maximum cargo requirements Based on making up shortfall from baseline partner cargo delivery contribution Includes latest available updates in need for crew supplies, maintenance, utilization, gas, & water New NASA ISS USOS utilization requirements official update expected in coming weeks from ESMD – preliminary requirements received recently

PhilosophyMinimum Cargo Requirements : 

Philosophy Minimum Cargo Requirements ICCS minimum cargo requirements basis Make up shortfall from baseline partner contributions and ISS cargo needs with reductions in maintenance & utilization Crew Supplies No further reduction, already at minimum acceptable level Maintenance (L&M provided minimum requirement) Internal maintenance reduced 20% External maintenance Assumes 57 FRAM Eq of pre-positioned maintenance/spare ORUs at Shuttle retirement Reduced failure rates Utilization NASA program Internal : 2000 kg/yr internal cargo delivery External: Zero IP Research Program Internal: 2650 kg External: 440 kg Return Cargo 1000 kg/yr – internal cargo only

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSACargo Demand/Delivery Balance Summary: 

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA Cargo Demand/Delivery Balance Summary Assembly Hardware is not included Accommodation masses are not included Crew rotation mass not included 3 ISS Crew 6 ISS Crew 6 ISS Crew ISS Assembly ISS Assembly Complete Crew Supplies, Water, and Gas Internal Maintenance and EVA Hardware Internal Utilization External Utilization External Maintenance U.S. - Russian Bilateral Obligations Baseline Capability ICCS Min Capability ICCS Max Capability Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA CargoInternal Demand/Delivery Balance: 

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA Cargo Internal Demand/Delivery Balance ICCS Max Capability Assembly Hardware is not included Accommodation masses are not included Crew rotation mass not included Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI ICCS Min Capability Baseline Capability

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA CargoExternal Demand/Delivery Balance: 

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA Cargo External Demand/Delivery Balance ICCS Max Capability Baseline Capability Assembly Hardware is not included Accommodation masses are not included ICCS Min Capability Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA CargoWater Demand/Delivery Balance: 

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA Cargo Water Demand/Delivery Balance ICCS Max Capability Baseline Capability Accommodation masses are not included ICCS Min Capability Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA CargoGas Demand/Delivery Balance: 

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA Cargo Gas Demand/Delivery Balance ICCS Max Capability Baseline Capability Accommodation masses are not included ICCS Min Capability Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA CargoReturn Cargo: 

ISS NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA Cargo Return Cargo 3 ISS Crew 6 ISS Crew 6 ISS Crew ISS Assembly ISS Assembly Complete Crew Supplies, Water, and Gas Internal Maintenance and EVA Hardware Internal Utilization External Utilization External Maintenance U.S. - Russian Bilateral Obligations Baseline Capability ICCS Max Capability ICCS Min Capability Matt Scheutz & Neil Lemmons / SABER SAI

Key ICCS Requirements Summary: 

Key ICCS Requirements Summary

Conclusion: 

Conclusion The ISS’s cargo requirements are mature enough to begin acquisition of an ISS Commercial Cargo Service The “ICCS Commercial Maximum” satisfies current projections for NASA/JAXA/ESA/CSA cargo delivery demand The “ICCS Commercial Minimum” may be acceptable if key risk areas have optimistic outcomes and utilization cargo need is substantially reduced ICCS requirements revision planned after official NASA utilization requirements update -- expected in coming weeks