Biochemistry of Substances :Biochemistry of Substances Week 1 Reading Assignment Chapter 3


Objectives :Objectives Learn how, in general, drugs affect the body Learn about how drugs enter and exit the body Learn about drug schedules, uses and addictive potential


Pretest :Pretest Click in the lower left corner to pause the presentation, then click here to go take the pretest


Overview :Overview The following is a useful reference table for identifying drugs, their schedules, modes of ingestion effects and much more. http://www.drugdetection.com/table.html


How Drugs Enter :How Drugs Enter Absorption (through the skin such as Myoflex cream or transdermal patches, or through mucus membranes such as nose and lips) Oral: Caffeine, cough syrup, pills Inhalation: fumes, smoke Injection: epidural, vaccinations, allergy shots


Completion :Completion Which of the following is typically administered through absorption? Birth Control Nicotine Caffeine Pain medication Cocaine


Answers :Answers All of the above drugs except caffeine are regularly administered through absorption. Although most people believe they “inhale” cocaine when it is snorted, actually it is absorbed through the mucous membranes in the nose


Think About It :Think About It Through how many different routes have you received “substances” This can include drugs/medications, vitamins, poison etc.? Most people think of their skin as a barrier or protectant. Did you really ever think much about how effective a medium your skin was for delivering toxins? (It really explains a lot about those of us who used to play with Mercury before we knew it was bad.) Pause the presentation. Click here to go to the forum and compose your response


Apply It :Apply It Did you realize that most small denomination bills in the United States have cocaine residue on them? Can you get high from handling money? What if you are a teller or cashier? Click the lower left corner of the screen to pause, then click here to go to the forum


How Drugs Exit :How Drugs Exit Half-Life: The length of time for half of the substance to be excreted from the body Routes of Excretion Urine Exhalation Defecation Sweat Saliva Breast Milk (nursing mothers)


Apply It :Apply It Research and discuss the implications of the half life of one of the following caffeine, nicotine, pseudoephedrine, alcohol and Adderall and Valium on sleep, memory, driving, sexual functioning and reaction time. Click the lower left corner of the screen to pause, then click here to go to the forum


Factors Determining Physiological Impact :Factors Determining Physiological Impact Drug Interactions 1+1=3 Sedative + Sedative Sedative + Stimulant Stimulant + Stimulant Opiate+ Sedative Opiate + Stimulant Cross-Tolerance tolerance to one drug leads to tolerance of similar drugs


Factors cont… :Factors cont… Individual Differences Weight/Body Fat Gender Ethnicity Physiological Responsiveness Setting/Expectations


Think About It :Think About It Alcohol, a depressant and stimulant, is one of the most widely used and abused substances. Benzodiazapines (anti-anxiety medication/sedative), barbiturates (sedatives and sleep enhancing medication such as Ambien) and stimulants such as Adderall are frequently prescribed and often abused For each of the following drug combinations, discuss why might it be important to consider drug interactions, cross tolerance and individual differences. Benadryl and Alcohol, Valium and Alcohol, Ambien and Alcohol, Sudafed and Alcohol, Sudafed and Adderall? Pause the presentation. Click here to go to the forum and compose your response


The Nervous System (pg 67-70) :The Nervous System (pg 67-70) CNS Consists of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system Sympathetic (Has sympathy for you) Excitatory/Fight or Flight Parasympathetic Inhibitory/calming/relaxing


Neurons, Synapses :Neurons, Synapses Neurons contain neurotransmitters When a neuron in stimulated an action potential moves to the end and triggers a series of chemical changes Calcium Ions flow into the neuron causing the release of the neurotransmitter into the space between 2 neurons (synaptic space) The neurotransmitter molecule then binds, like a lock and key, with the receptor on the other neuron which causes a characteristic reaction


How drugs affect neurotransmission :How drugs affect neurotransmission Increase the amount of the neurotransmitter released By blocking the postsynaptic receptors In a few minutes you will be directed to a website that illustrates these points.


Neurochemicals and Hormones :Neurochemicals and Hormones Pages 74-76 Acetylcholine Norepinepherine Dopamine Endorphins GABA Serotonin


Online Reading :Online Reading Tutorial on How Drugs Affect the Brain Go to the website and review the 5 lessons. They are relatively short


Drug Types :Drug Types Stimulants (After you read the first page, the “next” button is located at the bottom of the page) Depressants (includes Anxiolytics) Inhalants Benzodiazepines Barbiturates Alcohol Opiates Hallucinogens Marijuana Steroids


Drugs and Athletic Performance :Drugs and Athletic Performance Overview Some psychoactive drugs have actual performance-enhancing side effects. However, many actually decrease performance, primarily because of adverse cardiovascular effects and impaired coordination and judgment. Athletes and nonathletes alike may be knowingly or unknowingly exposed to psychoactive substances if they use over-the-counter, recreational, or prescription drugs.


Drug Schedules (Web Link) :Drug Schedules (Web Link) Schedule I High potential for abuse. No medical uses Heroin, LSD, PCP Schedule II High potential for abuse. Some medical uses Codeine, morphine, methadone, amphetamines Schedule III Some potential for abuse. Some medical uses Codeine cough syrups, long acting barbiturates, No Refills allowed


Schedules cont… :Schedules cont… Schedule IV Low Potential for abuse. Many medical uses, Some limits on refills Antianxiety drugs Schedule V Low potential for abuse, Many uses. No limits on prescription refills


Think about it :Think about it Does having drug schedules and prohibitions on prescription refills really prevent abuse and/or addiction? Click here to go to the forum and compose a response


Think About It :Think About It If you had the potential to become addicted to a medication, would you think it worth the risk to use a schedule IV drug? What about a schedule III? Click here to go to the forum


What’s In It For Me :What’s In It For Me Why is the information in this chapter important for you to know, and in what ways will it be useful to you in your life?


Unit Test :Unit Test Click the lower left corner to pause the presentation, then click here to take the test.