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RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A SECURITY TACTIC:AN EMERGENCY MANAGER’S PERSPECTIVE: 

RENEWABLE ENERGY AS A SECURITY TACTIC: AN EMERGENCY MANAGER’S PERSPECTIVE WASHINGTON METROPOLITAN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS WORKSHOP JUNE 22, 2005

IT IS NOT “THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW,” BUT . . . . . .: 

IT IS NOT “THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW,” BUT . . . . . . $60 billion in damage from climate-related disasters Europe’s summer heat wave cost $10 billion Flooding in China, $ 8 billion Tornadoes in the Midwest US, $ 3 billion Losing about 100,000 lives per year and about $100 billion a year from disasters

WEATHER IN 2004: 

WEATHER IN 2004 Record 10 typhoons in Japan First hurricane ever in South America Insurance costs topped $40 billion Fourth warmest year since worldwide records began First time for four hurricanes hitting one state

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REPORT: 

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE REPORT "An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security," by Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall: Global warming could lead to slowing of the ocean's thermohaline conveyor, leading to: Harsher winter weather conditions Reduced soil moisture More intense winds Diminished world food production

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: A MUST: 

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: A MUST “With inadequate preparation, the result could be a significant drop in the human carrying capacity of the Earth's environment,” according to the DOD Report. By 2007 violent storms could make large parts of the Netherlands uninhabitable and lead to a breach in the aqueduct system in California Europe and the US could become virtual fortresses with millions of migrants from rising sea levels or drought  Catastrophic shortages of potable water and energy could lead to widespread war by 2020.

PREDICTIONS SHOWDISASTER MITIGATION: A MUST: 

PREDICTIONS SHOW DISASTER MITIGATION: A MUST More droughts More floods Ice cap in the Arctic melted 4,800 cubic miles of water, 1965-1995 (Lakes Superior, Erie, Ontario, and Huron) Going to extremes – paradoxes Rising ocean and atmospheric temperatures Retreating ice caps and glaciers Disappearing lakes in Siberia Rising sea levels Changing ecosystems Sustainable development

“CLIMATE CHANGE, CLEAN ENERGY, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” DOCUMENT: 

“CLIMATE CHANGE, CLEAN ENERGY, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT” DOCUMENT Rising temperatures Carbon dioxide emissions Heat trapping gas emissions Need for environmental standards World Bank funded power projects G8 Meeting in Scotland in July, 2005 UK Prime Minister Tony Blair Chairs and Supports

G8 MEMBERS: 

G8 MEMBERS US UK FRANCE GERMANY ITALY JAPAN RUSSIA CANADA

HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS: 

HUMAN INDUCED DISASTERS IMF estimates the economic costs of WTC attack reduced US GDP by 0.75 percent or $ 75 billion in 2002 Insurance losses for that event range from $ 30-60 billion Even Ford Motor Company lost $ 30 million through supply chain disruptions when the border was closed

PRIVATE SECTOR/ECONOMIC IMPACT: 

PRIVATE SECTOR/ECONOMIC IMPACT 80% of nation’s assets owned by private sector 43% of businesses suffering disaster never reopen Of those that do reopen, only 29% are still operating in two years 93% of companies that lose IT for more than nine days - file for bankruptcy in one year; 50 percent, immediately 69% of businesses hit by terrorist attacks never reopen

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS: 

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Recent hazardous material accidents raise concerns Approximately 800,000 shipments of such substances travel daily throughout the United States by ground rail air water pipeline

+ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC, January 28, 2005.+: 

+ Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, CDC, January 28, 2005.+ "Although nearly all of these materials safely reach their destinations, many are explosive, flammable, toxic, and corrosive and can be extremely dangerous when improperly released." Move "over, through, and under areas that are densely populated or populated by schools, hospitals, or nursing homes, where the consequences of a release could cause severe injury, death, environmental damage, and economic loss."

RECOMMENDATIONS: 

RECOMMENDATIONS Route away from densely populated areas Use HazMat Emergency Events Surveillance data and other databases to determine where most releases occur Revise emergency response plans to include a community-based public education campaign detailing proper evacuation shelter-in-place decontamination procedures Employ public warning systems, public shelters, and practice drills.

RECOMMENDATIONS CONTINUED: 

RECOMMENDATIONS CONTINUED Ensure HazMat handlers receive continuous job safety training and have appropriate personal protective equipment Ensure emergency medical service and hospital emergency department personnel have the guidance to plan for and respond to HazMat incidents involving human exposure. Emphasize the importance of preventive maintenance for equipment and vehicles used in HazMat transport

HAZ MAT GOOD NEWS: 

HAZ MAT GOOD NEWS Implementation of these recommendations to reduce morbidity and mortality from transit-associated HazMat releases can be accomplished by: Government Private organizations First responders

BLACKOUTS: 

BLACKOUTS Almost two years after a blackout darkened the northeastern United States Created an international disaster The country's power grid is still as susceptible to outages The industry managed to get back online rapidly

RESULTS: 

RESULTS $12 billion plus economic cost Air conditioning went out People were trapped in subways and elevators Planes were grounded and traffic lights went dark Cell phones didn't recharge New York, Cleveland, Toronto and Detroit lost most of their power 50 million people 18.9 million lost work hours in Canada alone

VULNERABILITY RECOGNIZED: 

VULNERABILITY RECOGNIZED The power grid is everywhere Vulnerable to attacks, leaving millions without power Every power line, every transformer, every transfer station cannot be defended The grid is so large Attacks that would disrupt power, leaving it off for more than a few days, are difficult to envision

PROBLEM: 

PROBLEM Employee mistakes Age of the country's grid Weak maintenance Faulty monitoring equipment Breakdown in communications "(The country has) been spending less and less money on our energy infrastructure every year since 1990." + Stephen Hein, vice president of corporate communications for Trion Energy Systems+

CONTINUING CONCERNS: 

CONTINUING CONCERNS Unprotected transmission lines “Knot holes" - areas where large amounts of power move through small systems Public rotates between near panic, high concern, and then comfortable complacency 440 Civil Nuclear Reactors in 30 countries, cover 66% of world’s population, produce 16% of world electricity Extreme temperatures bring requirements for more electricity and power Cyber attacks and vulnerabilities

RECOMMENDATIONS: 

RECOMMENDATIONS The North American Electric Regulatory Council (NERC) Self-regulatory organization monitoring utility industry System-wide audits after blackout 17 recommendations NERC Rules are voluntary Major conclusion: cause was preventable

QUOTES: 

QUOTES "It shows us we have tied together so many systems to build a high quality life, and that creates its own vulnerabilities." James Gilmore, the former Virginia governor, chairman of a terrorism panel formed by Congress.

ANOTHER QUOTE: 

ANOTHER QUOTE New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson, former energy secretary "In my view we're the world's greatest superpower but we have a Third World electricity grid." "We have antiquated transmission lines. We have an overloaded system that has not had any new investments and we don't have mandatory reliability standards on utilities, which caused this problem." “National standards are needed to prevent utilities from having more power than they can absorb. It's as simple as that."

TRENDS: 

TRENDS WE ARE USING TWICE AS MUCH ENERGY AS 20 YEARS AGO POLLUTION IS A GROWING CONCERN BUSINESS COMMUNITY HAS TO LEAD SOME STATES PROVIDE INCENTIVES FEMA RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PROGRAM (REP) TECHNOLOGY IS AVAILABLE AND READY RENEWABLE ENERGY

FUTURE ISSUES : 

FUTURE ISSUES Standards enforceable by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Intertwined security vulnerabilities of Canada and US US and Canada have working: 1. secure the common 5,500-mile border 2. protect vital power, a pipelines, railways, roads and bridges 3. defense is incomplete China is expected to increase its nuclear power production by 450% in next 15 years

OIL AND GAS: 

OIL AND GAS National Contingency Plan names EPA the lead federal response agency for oil spills in inland waters U.S. Coast Guard is the lead response agency for spills in coastal waters and deepwater ports Oil spills peril is not such an imminent threat for the public, but the affects on the environment are enormous which impacts the public over time

US COAST GUARD ROLE: 

US COAST GUARD ROLE Responsible for implementing the Oil Pollution Act Responsible for vessels, deepwater ports, and the marine transfer components of transportation-related onshore facilities which include some inland areas Provides on-scene coordinator Designates zones manages the National Response Center Maintains the National Strike Force, used for major marine pollution incidents Acts as the fund manager for the Oil Pollution Liability Trust Fund

I HATE TO MENTION IT, BUT: 

I HATE TO MENTION IT, BUT OVERPOPULATION ANOTHER 58 MILLION IN US BY 2025 WORLDWIDE, WE GROW ANOTHER NYC EVERY 6 WEEKS 1 BILLION EVERY 12 YEARS WORLDWIDE, UP TO 9 BILLION BY 2050 30,000 CHILDREN DIE EVERY DAY IN DEVELOPING WORLD UNIMAGINABLE PRESSURES ON ENERGY SYSTEMS

THE WAY FORWARD: 

THE WAY FORWARD Need redundancy Back up Replicable Need vital appropriations for renewable energy programs -- we have lots of work to do because reductions of $24 million proposed ENERGY PLANNING ON A GLOBAL BASIS My Personal Favorite is Solar Energy!!!

NEW TECHNOLOGIES: 

NEW TECHNOLOGIES WTC attacks showed that only a few cell phone services provided the only form of communications Safety – all plants linked worldwide Arms Proliferation – security of environment and protection from terrorism compatible Cost cutting Waste monitoring

RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE RESCUE: 

RENEWABLE ENERGY TO THE RESCUE Biomass -- ethanol, bio-diesel, biomass power, industrial process energy Geothermal -- use the heat of the earth for direct-use applications, heat pumps, and electrical power production Hydrogen -- produced from hydrocarbons, water and, when burned as a fuel, or converted to electricity, it joins with oxygen to again form water Hydropower -- hydroelectric power facilities can generate enough power to supply 28 million households with electricity Ocean -- energy of ocean waves, tides, as well as thermal energy Solar -- use the sun's energy and light to provide heat, light, hot water, electricity, cooling, for homes, businesses, and industry. Wind -- uses energy in wind for generating electricity, charging batteries, pumping water, grinding grain

ENERGY EFFICIENCY: 

ENERGY EFFICIENCY Buildings -- solar energy and geothermal heat pumps Industry -- uses more than one-third of all the energy used in US Power -- Technologies maximize efficient generation, transmission, and storage of energy Transportation -- 65% of U.S. oil consumption and predominant source of air pollution

WINSTON CHURCHILL SAID IT BEST: 

WINSTON CHURCHILL SAID IT BEST “THIS IS NOT THE END. “THIS IS NOT EVEN THE BEGINNING OF THE END. “THIS IS SIMPLY THE END OF THE BEGINNING.”

IN CLOSING: 

IN CLOSING WE CAN DO BETTER WE MUST DO BETTER EVERYBODY HAS TO ACT THANKS TO COG FOR LEADING THE WAY!

KAY C. GOSS, CEM®: 

KAY C. GOSS, CEM® VICE PRESIDENT FOR HOMELAND SECURITY ELECTRONIC DATA SYSTEMS CORPORATION (EDS) FORMER ASSOCIATE FEMA DIRECTOR KAY.GOSS@EDS.COM 703-736-4052