“ Simple living and High Thinking. “: “ Simple living and High Thinking. “ Kandre Amit Mansuri Uzzaif Meghnathi Bhowmik Prevalence of Postmenopausal Syndrome in Women of Urban Area.


AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To find out whether there is any association between age at the onset of menarche and age of menopause. •To find out the prevalence of other in assoc. illness occuring such females. •To find out the awareness about HRT (hormonal replacement therapy) or MHT and calcium supplements in such females. •To find out which symptoms were dominant among all the symptoms of PMS. “ACTIONS SPEAK LOUDER THAN WORDS.”


INTRODUCTION:: INTRODUCTION: Meno = Month, menses Pause = stop, cease Menopause: that period of a woman's life when she has ceased to have menstrual periods for a full year. Perimenopause: “BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK TOGETHER.”


Review of Literature: Review of Literature THE MENOPAUSAL SYNDROME Estrogen production during natural menopause does not stop abruptly. For five to seven years before the onset of the last menstrual period, ovarian function begins to diminish. This usually occurs when a woman is in her mid to late 40s and is characterized by irregular periods. While age at menopause ranges from 47 to 55 years (median age, 51 years). A wide range of symptoms has been attributed to the menopause. However, it has been difficult to distinguish between symptoms that result from loss of ovarian function and those from the aging process or from the socioenvironmental stresses of the mid-life years. As many as 35 symptoms are found to be related to PMS but the ones which are more commonly seen are described below. “THE HAND THAT ROCKS THE CRADLE RULES THE WORLD.”


Slide5: HOT FLASHES, flushes, night sweats and/or cold flashes, clammy feeling.they are due to the hypothalamic response to declining ovarian estrogen production. The declining estrogen state induces hypophysiotropic neurons in the arcuate nucleas of the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in a pulsatile fashion, which in turn stimulates release of luteinizing hormone (LH). Extremely high pulses of LH occur during the period of declining estrogen production. The LH has vasodilatory effects, which leads to flushing. IRRITABILITY MOOD SWINGS INSOMNIA DRY VAGINA Menopause is nature's original contraceptive. But, it is important to wait a full year after menopause (12 consecutive months of no period) before giving up contraceptives. During menopause, the thinning of the mucus membranes, along with a loss of elasticity in the walls of the vagina, causes an uncomfortable sensation of dryness in many women. The thinning of the vaginal lining results from the ovaries' decreased production of estrogen. This thinning does not always cause problems, but it can be painful if the lining of the vagina becomes inflamed, dry, and rough. “NEW BROOMS SWEEP CLEAN”


Slide6: DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING, DISORIENTATION, MENTAL CONFUSION STRESS INCONTINENCE: URGE INCONTINENCE: SKIN CHANGES OSTEOGENIC SYMPTOMS HEADACHE DEPRESSION GUM AND TEETH PROBLEMS VASOMOTOR SYMPTOMS POST MENOPAUSAL BLEEDING INSOMNIA “VARIETY IS THE SPICE OF LIFE”


MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY: MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY INCLUDING CRITERIA: Menopausal females Above 45 yrs of age Not on Hormone Replacement Therapy Urban Residential Society RESEACH QUESTION: What is prevalence of post menopausal symptoms in the Menopausal females aged over 45 years from an urban Residential society? “SERVICE TO MAN IS SERVICE TO GOD”


MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY : MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY STUDY DESIGN: Cross- Sectional Study SAMPLE SIZE: 100 DURATION : 3 months MAN POWER: Volunteer : 3 Facilitator: 1 Hon. Helper: 1 MATERIALS: Forms: 100 “KNOWLEDGE IS POWER”


Slide9: Obs : 45 to 55 years = 75 % “A PROVERB IS ONE MAN’S WIT BUT ALL MEN’S WISDOM”


Slide10: Obs : 13-15 age = 83 % “NECESSITY IS THE MOTHER OF INVENTION”


Slide11: Observation : It is also seen that nearly 75% of the females had onset of menopause Symptoms between 45 to 55 years. “ROME WAS NOT BUILT IN A DAY”


Slide12: Observation : Irritability, sweating, hot flushes, Depression and lack of concentration were the leading symptoms. “TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH”


Slide13: Observation : 2 Gravida = 43 % 3 Gravida = 27 %. “CUT YOUR COAT ACCORDING TO YOUR CLOTH”


Slide14: Observation : Hypertensive = 23 % Diabetics = 16 % “A ROLLING STONE GATHERS NO MOSS”


Slide15: Irritability, sweating, hot flushes, Depression and lack of concentration were the dominant of all the symptoms. In 83 % of females age at the onset of menarche was in the age group of 13-15 years It is also seen that nearly 75% of the females had onset of symptoms of menopause between 45 to 55 years. From the study its seen that there is no significant association between age at the onset of menarche and the age at which menopause is attained. It was found that only 5 to 10 % of the females were aware about HRT. it was seen that 23% of the females were hypertensive and 16% were diabetics. “TO ERR IS HUMAN, TO FORGIVE DIVINE” CONCLUSION


Slide16: Thank you