tumlin

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Santa Monica July 21, 2007 Jeffrey Tumlin Using Transportation to Achieve your Community Vision

Transportation and TOD -- Agenda: 

Transportation and TOD -- Agenda Why transportation? Transportation and Land Use Manage Transportation Parking is Destiny Legalize Great Neighborhoods Agenda

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1. Why Transportation? Photo montage by Steve Price

1. Why Transportation?: 

1. Why Transportation? Transportation is not an end in itself. It is merely a means by which we support larger goals…. 1. Why Transportation?

How Transportation Meets Goals: 

How Transportation Meets Goals Accessibility Can I get the things and services I want? Bring people, goods and services closer together Mix uses Technology, delivery Mobility: Can I travel freely and easily to where I want to go? Reduce roadway congestion Increase transit frequency, reliability and speed Create bicycle lanes and complete sidewalks 1. Why Transportation?

Measuring Success: 

Measuring Success We use transportation performance measures for: Improving efficiency of system operations Managing a given road or corridor Prioritizing funding Reporting on achievement of various goals 1. Why Transportation?

Typical Measures: 

Typical Measures Auto Level of Service (LOS) Seconds of delay experienced by vehicles, typically at intersections. Easy to measure. Says nothing about average travel speed over a corridor. Says nothing about person capacity. Ignores other modes of transportation 1. Why Transportation?

If we can’t build our way out of it…: 

If we can’t build our way out of it… Why focus on congestion? Vehicle delay measures assume a carpooler is only half as worthy a citizen as a single occupant vehicle driver. Bus riders only 1/30th as valuable citizens? Instead of vehicle delay, look at person delay and person capacity. 1. Why Transportation?

Why not Consider…: 

Why not Consider… Economic Development Job creation Real estate value increase Retail sales Quality of Life Access to jobs Access to shopping Residential property value impact Social Justice Do benefits accrue equitably? Are investments spread equitably? Ecological Sustainability VMT per capita (=CO2, NOx, runoff, etc.) Land use/transportation connection 1. Why Transportation?

What about other Modes?: 

What about other Modes? Florida, many municipalities establish performance measures for all modes 1. Why Transportation?

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2. Manage Transportation

Limiting Traffic by Code: 

Limiting Traffic by Code Rather than limiting growth to limit traffic, why not just limit traffic? South San Francisco and San Mateo: Requires 30% reduction in peak vehicle trips NASA Research Park: 40% reduction required Stanford General Use Permit: No increase in peak traffic San Joaquin Co and San Francisco: Trip fee Parking management is key traffic management tool Congestion pricing? 2. Manage

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3. The Best Transportation Plan is a Good Land Use Plan Photo montage by Steve Price

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3. Land Use Source: Holtzclaw, J. Smart Growth – As Seen From the Air (NRDC, 2000)

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Source: Metropolitan Transportation Commission. 1990 Household Travel Survey 2.7 daily auto trips/household (54% reduction) 3. Land Use

Too Much Density is Bad: 

Too Much Density is Bad 3. Land Use Photo: VIII is GR8, flickr.com

…. but so is too Little: 

…. but so is too Little 3. Land Use Photo: VIII is GR8, flickr.com

Goldilocks wants…: 

Goldilocks wants… A choice of ways to get around Basic services within walking distance A great pedestrian environment Privacy Greenery Conviviality 3. Land Use

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4. Parking is Destiny

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Six Key Parking Reform Principles Manage Spillover Parking Create a “Park Once,” shared parking environment Create lots of on-street parking Ensure good parking design Ensure 15% vacancy at all times through market pricing Vary parking requirements according to context and goals: Tailor minimums Eliminate minimums Establish maximums 4. Parking

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1. Residential Parking Permit Districts Residential Parking Permit Districts Critical for addressing spillover parking concerns of infill development Requires neighborhood vote on parking district Austin Parking Benefit Districts http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/parkingdistrict/default.htm Allows residents to sell surplus neighborhood parking capacity to commuters Revenue returned to neighborhood for community improvements 4. Parking

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2. Park Once 4. Parking

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Conventional Development

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Mixed Use, Park Once District Results: <½ the parking <½ the land area ¼ the arterial trips 1/6th the arterial turning movements <¼ the vehicle miles traveled

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Transit Oriented Development

Parking Demand in Mixed Use Zones: 

Parking Demand in Mixed Use Zones Typical single-use district – 4 spaces per 1,000 square feet Palo Alto – 1.8 spaces /1,000 sf Santa Monica – 2.4 spaces/1,000 sf Kirkland, WA – 2.0 spaces/1,000 sf Philadelphia Center City – 0.89 spaces /1,000 sf 4. Parking

3. On-Street Parking: 

3. On-Street Parking On-street parking benefits: Buffer between pedestrians and traffic Convenience parking for retail “Teaser” parking Snow removal storage Potential location for street trees, flex space Traffic calming Bus bulbs and Corner bulbouts Bike parking Same land area per space as 3-story garage; twice as efficient as off-street lot 4. Parking

4. Ensure good parking design: 

4. Ensure good parking design 4. Parking

4. Ensure good parking design: 

4. Ensure good parking design

4. Ensure good parking design: 

4. Ensure good parking design 4. Parking

4. Ensure good parking design: 

4. Ensure good parking design 4. Parking

5. Manage On-Street Parking: 

5. Manage On-Street Parking 4. Parking

Parking Benefit Districts: 

Parking Benefit Districts Devote meter & permit revenue to district where funds raised Example: Old Pasadena Meters installed in 1993: $1/hour Garage fees Revenue: $5.4 million annually Tiny in-lieu of parking fees Funds garages, street furniture, trees, lighting, marketing, mounted police, daily street sweeping & steam cleaning Focus on availability, not price Old Pasadena,1992-99: Sales Tax Revenues Quadruple 4. Parking

Parking Benefit Districts: 

Parking Benefit Districts Redwood City, CA: Meter and garage rates vary to achieve 15% vacancy on all blocks at all times. http://www.redwoodcity.org/government/council/packets/2005/0606/Reg_050606-8A.pdf City of Redwood City 4. Parking

6. Vary your Parking Requirements: 

6. Vary your Parking Requirements Example: Boulder, CO, Downtown Management Commission Responsibilities: Parking construction and management Operates full menu of demand management strategies District analyzes most cost-effective mix of new parking or transportation alternatives Cheaper to provide free transit to all downtown employees than provide them parking Provides buying power/negotiating strength for small businesses 4. Parking

Phase out Minimum Parking Requirements: 

Phase out Minimum Parking Requirements Minimum parking requirements set to avoid any chance of spillover Usually copy nearby cities, or look up in reference manuals Take peak demand, and round up 4. Parking

Tailor Parking Requirements?: 

Tailor Parking Requirements? Parking demand varies with geographic factors: Density Transit Access Income Household size Cities can tailor parking requirements to meet demand, based on these factors Does not seek to constrain demand

Abolish Parking Requirements?: 

Abolish Parking Requirements? Milwaukee, WI Olympia, WA Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Stuart, FL Seattle, WA Spokane, WA Coral Gables, FL Eugene, OR Fort Myers, FL Fort Pierce, FL United Kingdom (entire nation) Los Angeles, CA Reviving neighborhoods by abolishing minimum parking requirements 4. Parking

Parking Maximums?: 

Parking Maximums? Promotes alternatives to driving Maximizes land area for other uses Examples: downtown San Francisco; Portland, OR; Cambridge, all of UK Aside from congestion pricing, parking management is the ONLY useful tool for eliminating congestion Catherine Preston, City of Cambridge 4. Parking

Parking: High & Low Traffic Strategies: 

Parking: High & Low Traffic Strategies

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5. Legalize Great Neighborhoods

12 Code Obstacles: 

12 Code Obstacles Parking and Traffic Code Building Code Uniform Fire Code Clean Water Act Fair Housing Act State Schools Codes Congestion Management Program Zoning & Subdivision Codes: Design and Parking Road Design Code Street Typologies and Transportation Performance Measures Impact Fees Environmental Compliance 5. Legalize

For More Information: 

For More Information Contact: Jeffrey Tumlin, Principal Nelson\Nygaard Transportation Planning for Livable Communities Main Office: 785 Market Street, Suite 1300 San Francisco, CA 94103 415-284-1544 415-284-1554 (fax) jtumlin@nelsonnygaard.com www.nelsonnygaard.com Photo montage by Steve Price 6. Contact