Clavel

Fundamental Physics at ESA: 

Fundamental Physics at ESA J. Clavel ESA Science Directorate

Overview: 

Overview Two dedicated missions in the Science Directorate LISA Pathfinder LISA Missions with aspects of FP in the Science Directorate Gaia Planck Mission concepts under assessment Fundamental Physics Explorer Minor contributions to nationally led missions Microscope (CNES) Missions in other Directorates but supported through Science Directorate ACES (led by Human Spaceflight)

ACES: 

ACES

ACES mission: 

ACES mission ESA mission conducted by Human Spaceflight To be installed on the ISS (Columbus module) Payload Cs fountain clock (PHARAO) Hydrogen maser (SHM) Microwave link Mission goals: Test of a new generation of space clocks Precise and accurate time and frequency transfer Fundamental physics tests Status: payload development Launch: 2010

Microscope: 

Microscope CNES-led mission to investigate the equivalence principle Target sensitivity 10-15 Room-temperature experiment Measurement principle: compare the effect of gravity on two masses of different material 2 differential accelerometers in free-fall (PtRh/PtRh and Ti/PtRh)

Microscope: 

Microscope ESA contributes μN thrusters (FEEP) ONERA: inertial sensor development Development status Satellite PDR February 2006 Launch May 2010

Planck: 

Planck Measuring the CMB with unprecedented accuracy T/T = 2 × 10-6 (about 10 times better than WMAP) Angular resolution 5 arcmin (about 3 times better than WMAP) Wide frequency coverage (30–857 GHz). Payload Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) Intensity and polarization at 33 GHz, 44 GHz and 70 GHz Cryogenic detectors (20 K) High Frequency Instrument (HFI) Bolometric measurements (intensity and polarisation) at 6 frequencies at 100 – 857 GHz Detector temperature 0.1 K

Planck: 

Planck Fundamental physics with Planck Nature of Dark Energy and Dark Matter Tests of & constraints on inflation Baryogenesis String theory Status Payload flight models under test, delivery to ESA July/August 2006 Launch Foreseen Q1 2008 (joint launch with Herschel on Ariane 5)

Gaia – Taking a census of the galaxy: 

Gaia – Taking a census of the galaxy Astrometric mission to measure positions, distances, and space motions of stars in our galaxy About a 109 stars up to magnitude 20 median parallax errors: 7 μas at 10 mag; 20-25 μas at 15 mag; 200–300 μas at 20 mag Distance accuracy: between 1% and 10% Velocity accuracy: between 0.5 km/s and 10 km/s Status Implementation phase Launch December 2011

Gaia science objectives: 

Gaia science objectives Galaxy origin and formation; Physics of stars and their evolution; Galactic dynamics and distance scale; Solar System census; Large-scale detection of all classes of astrophysical objects including brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, and planetary systems; Fundamental physics

Fundamental Physics with Gaia: 

Fundamental Physics with Gaia Determine PPN parameters |1-| < 5×10-7 |1-|< 3×10-4 Solar quadrupol moment J2 to 10-7–10-8 Variability of the gravitational constant tG/G to 10-12–10-13 yr-1 Constraints on gravitational wave energy at frequencies between 10-12 Hz and 4×10-9 Hz Constraints on M and  from quasar microlensing

LISA PF: 

LISA PF Precursor to LISA Demonstrating critical technologies for LISA Drag-free Micro-Newton Thrusters Interferometry Single spacecraft in Lissajous type orbit around L1 Mission duration 6 months Mission status: Mission PDR successful in February 2006 Flight hardware delivery Summer 2007 Launch in Q4 2009

LISA PF: 

LISA PF Payload Payload consists of a European contribution Two gravitational reference sensors Interferometric measurement system Drag free control system μN thruster US contribution Disturbance reduction system – descoped! Drag free control system and μN thruster

LISA PF Inertial Sensor: 

LISA PF Inertial Sensor

LISA PF IMS: 

LISA PF IMS

LISA: 

LISA Mission to detect and observe gravitational waves and their sources Joint ESA/NASA mission Europe: Payload, Payload integration, propulsion module NASA: Payload, Payload integration, Spacecraft, launcher, operations Science operations will be conducted jointly Technological challenges Interferometric measurements to picometer accuracy Drag-free technology Low frequency stability Definition/Development: 2010 after completion of LISA PF Launch date ~2017 (present planning assumption)

LISA mission concept: 

Cluster of 3 spacecraft in a heliocentric orbit Spacecraft shield the test masses from external forces (solar wind, radiation pressure) Allows measurement of amplitude and polarisation of GW LISA mission concept

LISA mission concept: 

Cluster of 3 spacecraft in a heliocentric orbit Trailing the Earth by 20° (50 million kilometers) Reducing the influence of the Earth-Moon system on the orbits Keeping the communication requirements (relatively) standard LISA mission concept

LISA mission concept: 

Cluster of 3 spacecraft in a heliocentric orbit Trailing the Earth by 20° (50 million kilometers) Equilateral triangle with 5 million kilometers arm length Results in easily measurable pathlength variations Orbit is still stable enough to allow for mission duration larger than 5 years LISA mission concept

LISA Science Goals: 

LISA Science Goals Merging supermassive black holes Merging intermediate-mass/seed black holes Gravitational captures Galactic and verification binaries Cosmological backgrounds and bursts NASA/CXC/MPE/S. Komossa et al. Determine the role of massive black holes in galaxy evolution Make precision tests of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity Determine the population of ultra-compact binaries in the Galaxy Probe the physics of the early universe

Call for CV Mission Proposals (1): 

Call for CV Mission Proposals (1) First of 3 Calls (TBC) for implementation of CV2015-2025 Available budget for a ~2016 launch: ~320 M€ (1 effective budget year) The Call will nevertheless be fully open: No a priori size restriction, but clear cost guidelines Mission could be a small/medium size S/M mission (≤320 M€ cost to ESA) a large ESA alone L mission (≤650 M€ cost to ESA) Selection of L mission will serve for long term technological development for mission launch in  2020 Up to 2 S/M (depending on size) + 1 L missions will eventually be implemented

Schedule of Call for proposals: 

Schedule of Call for proposals Call for mission proposals released 10 June 2006 Letters of Intent due 30 June 2006 Briefing to proposers at ESTEC July 2006 Mission proposals due December 2006 WG select 3 S-M & 3 L missions for study phase February 2007 All dates to be confirmed!

Backup slides: 

Backup slides

ACES Mission Objectives I: 

ACES Mission Objectives I

ACES Mission Objectives II: 

ACES Mission Objectives II

ACES Mission Objectives III: 

ACES Mission Objectives III

S-M Missions schedule: 

S-M Missions schedule Assessment phases Jan 2007 – Dec 2008 Internal assessment phase in 2007 Competitive industrial assessment in 2008 Emphasis on payload, cost and risks Presentation to Working Groups for prioritisation April 2009 SSAC recommendation for selection April 2009 Selection of 2 missions May 2009 Preparation & release of ITT Jun-Dec 2009 Start of industrial Definition Phase Jan 2010 SPC approval for development phase 1 mission Jun 2011 Launch Mid-end 2016

L Missions schedule: 

L Missions schedule Study and Technology development phase Jan 2007 – Jun 2010 WG review and prioritisation Sep 2010 SSAC recommendation for 1 L mission Oct 2010 Start Technology consolidation Phase Apr 2011 Start Definition Phase Apr 2013 Start Implementation phase Apr 2015 L Mission Launch ≥2020