Overview of World History: Overview of World History


River Valley Civilizations3500 B.C. - 1700 B.C.: River Valley Civilizations 3500 B.C. - 1700 B.C. Sumer (now Iraq) Writing Babylonians Ancient Egypt Hieroglyphics Pharaohs & Pyramids Indians Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Shang China


Ancient Greece800 B.C. - 100 B.C.: Ancient Greece 800 B.C. - 100 B.C. City-states (Athens, Corinth, Sparta, …) Philosophy, science, art, government Peloponnesian War 431 - 404 B.C. Phillip II-Macedonia Alexander the Great Romans - 140’s B.C.


Ancient Rome500 B.C. - 500 A.D.: Ancient Rome 500 B.C. - 500 A.D. Vast Empire Greek Culture Punic Wars vs. Carthage 264 - 146 B.C. Constantine 275 - 337 A.D. Christianity Accepted Constantinople - East A.D. 395 - East/West West - fell in 476 East - Byzantine


Byzantine EmpireA.D. 400 - 1450: Byzantine Empire A.D. 400 - 1450 East Roman Empire People > Romans Greek Culture Continues Justinian I - expansion Attacks by Islamic empires and others Church splits - 1000’s Eastern Orthodox Western Crusades 1100’s - 1200’s 1453 Ottoman Turks


Medieval EuropeA.D. 400’s - 1400’s: Medieval Europe A.D. 400’s - 1400’s Vandals & Goths invaded - 400’s Dark Ages Church - Power & Unity Charlemagne - 800 Feudalism (700 - 1300) Lords, knights, vassals Monarchies - 1200’s Black Death - 1347 1/4 - 1/2 died Renaissance - Rebirth 1300s - 1500s Greece & Rome renewed 800’s 1000


Islamic EmpireA.D. 600’s - 1300’s: Islamic Empire A.D. 600’s - 1300’s Islam based on teachings of Muhammad Muhammad captured Mecca in 630 After Muhammad, religious rulers called caliphs Empire expands through converting people 750 Baghdad became capital Crusades - 1100’s & 1200’s - fight for Holy Lands 1258 - Mongols captured Badhdad temporarily 1300’s - Turks became military leaders of empire


Mongol EmpireA.D. 1200’s - 1300’s: Mongol Empire A.D. 1200’s - 1300’s Biggest land empire ever Helped increase contact between cultures Genghis Khan was the first to organize the Mongols Great warriors - ruthless, strategic - “think orcs” Kublai Kahn completed the conquering of China Quick decline - not great administrators & no unifying force like religion


Ottoman Empire1300’s - 1922: Ottoman Empire 1300’s - 1922 Powerful Islamic empire Osman was first ruler (called sultan) 1453 - conquered Constantinople and made capital Sultan Suleyman I lead empire to its height in 1500’s After WWI, empire occupied by Allies 1923 - Occupation ended and Ottoman empire dismantled - Republic of Turkey created


European Exploration1400’s - 1500’s: European Exploration 1400’s - 1500’s Land trades disrupted Portuguese - S. Africa 1492 - Columbus Da Gamma - India Magellan - 1519-22 Around the World Cortez - Aztecs 1521 Pizarro - Incas 1533 Jamestown - 1607


Reformation1517 - late 1500’s: Reformation 1517 - late 1500’s Martin Luther - 1517 95 Theses Edict of Worms (city) England 1500’s: King Henry VIII & birth Bloody Mary - 300 Queen Elizabeth I Counter Reformation Thirty Years’ War 1618 - 1648 Protestants vs. Catholics


Industrial Revolutionlate 1700’s - 1800’s: Industrial Revolution late 1700’s - 1800’s Man > Machine Britain - coal & iron Big lifestyle change Rural agriculture to urban industrial Middle class boost Poor working conditions Capitalism 1800’s Communism 1900’s


Rise of Democracy late 1700’s - 1800’s: Rise of Democracy late 1700’s - 1800’s Industrial Rev = power spread Revolutionary War 1775-1778 French Rev. 1789-99 Napoleon 1799-1815 Congress of Vienna Constitutions - 1880


World WarsEarly 1900’s: World Wars Early 1900’s WWI: 1914 - 1918 Nationalism Mass-produced guns 1917 Russian Rev Destruction = peace WWII: 1939 - 1945 Germany invades Hitler & Holocaust Pearl Harbor - 1941 Hiroshima & Nagasaki U.S. vs. U.S.S.R. WW I WW II


Communism1900’s: Communism 1900’s Equality with government control Karl Marx Russian Rev. 1917 V.I. Lenin Eastern Europe East Germany Berlin Wall China 1949 1989-1991 communist government collapse China, Cuba, N. Korea, Vietnam


Cold Warlate 1900’s: Cold War late 1900’s Communist (East) vs. Capitalist (West) Truman Doctrine ‘47 Korean War - 1950’s Cuba - 1960’s Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis Vietnam War - 70’s Fall of USSR 1991