Jorge Vanegas Keynote

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A Road Map and Principles for the Implementation ofBuilt Environment Sustainability:

A Road Map and Principles for the Implementation of Built Environment Sustainability Presented by Dr. Jorge Vanegas School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology jvanegas@ce.gatech.edu Auckland, New Zealand July 2004

The Future arrives every second as today’s reality, and it does not have “Pause” nor “Reset” buttons….:

The Future arrives every second as today’s reality, and it does not have “Pause” nor “Reset” buttons…. ... and, whether we like it, accept it, or even care about it, Sustainability is an integral part of the Future, if not it’s only hope….

So, the choices we have are simple::

So, the choices we have are simple: Are we going to contribute to make the Future we want happen…? Are we going to just wait and see what Future will happen…? Or, when whatever Future arrives: Are we going to ask what happened…? Or, are we just going to say “huh, something happened” …?

This presentation is about the reality we want for the future that is yet to come, specifically for the future of the Built Environment...:

This presentation is about the reality we want for the future that is yet to come, specifically for the future of the Built Environment...

… a Built Environment composed of Facilities (e.g., residential, building, and industrial facilities), and ofCivil Infrastructure Systems (e.g., transportation, energy, water supply, waste management, communications)... :

… a Built Environment composed of Facilities (e.g., residential, building, and industrial facilities), and of Civil Infrastructure Systems (e.g., transportation, energy, water supply, waste management, communications)...

… that nations, public and private sector organizations, communities, families, and individuals need and want to exist, develop, and survive…:

… that nations, public and private sector organizations, communities, families, and individuals need and want to exist, develop, and survive…

So, let me start by asking two questions…:

So, let me start by asking two questions…

First, can you imagine a world…:

First, can you imagine a world…

…without Architects, Engineers, and Constructors, and the facilities and civil infrastructure systems we envision, plan, design, build, and maintain, in response to the problems, needs, opportunities, and desires of a broad and diverse range of stakeholders…?:

…without Architects, Engineers, and Constructors, and the facilities and civil infrastructure systems we envision, plan, design, build, and maintain, in response to the problems, needs, opportunities, and desires of a broad and diverse range of stakeholders…?

Second, what if Architects, Engineers,and Constructors could no longer do what we do, how we do it,andwith what?:

Second, what if Architects, Engineers, and Constructors could no longer do what we do, how we do it, and with what?

Slide12:

What we do... ...how we do it... ...and with what... Processes for the Delivery and Use of a Specific Facility or Civil Infrastructure System Resources for the Delivery and Use of a Specific Facility or Civil Infrastructure System Characteristics and Requirements of a Specific Facility or Civil Infrastructure System Definition of the Contextual Envelope of a Specific Facility or Civil Infrastructure System (Inspired by M. Vorster)

So, let’s take a quick and closer look at the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) Industry …:

So, let’s take a quick and closer look at the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) Industry …

It is large…:

It is large… Global $ 3.2 T U.S. Domestic $ 1.1 T Construction $ 710 B Renovation $ 282 B Maintenance $ 148 B Materials $ 353 B Source: Jack Snell, NIST

It is diverse…:

It is diverse… Source: Jack Snell, NIST

It has many stakeholders…:

It has many stakeholders… (Jain et al. 1994; Halliday 1994; Vanegas 1987; Hendrickson & Au 1989)

It faces many challenges…:

It faces many challenges… Overpopulation, disease, and social, economic, and political conflicts Widespread infrastructure deterioration, pollution, and urban sprawl Natural resource depletion and degradation, waste generation and accumulation, and environmental impact and degradation Complex interrelationship between the economic development needs and the environmental problems resulting from development efforts

It takes (in the U.S.)…:

(Roodman & Lenssen 1996; Loken et al. 1994) It takes (in the U.S.)… 65% of total electricity consumption 50% of fossil fuels consumed 40% of materials use 25% of wood harvest 17% of fresh water withdrawals 124 trillion gallons/year total water use 146,000 gallons/year average household use: 42% indoors, 58% outdoors … and much more…

It leaves (in the U.S.)…:

(Kibert et al. 1994; Zeiher 1996 ; Tchobanoglous et al. 1994; EBN 2001) It leaves (in the U.S.)… 136 million tons of construction and demolition waste annually 8-20% of solid waste 25% of CFC emissions 36% of CO2 emissions 740 million tons of CO2 from commercial buildings alone $60 Billion in medical expenses due to Sick Building Syndrome … and much more…

It continues to grow…:

(EBN 2001) It continues to grow… Total land area in U.S. = 1.94 billion acres Developed land in U.S. (excluding Alaska): 98.2 million acres Increase from 1982 to 1997: 34% Average annual increase: 2.3% Increase in urbanized land relative to population growth: 2.65 times the rate of population growth … and much more…

It continues to evolve…:

(EBN 2001) It continues to evolve… 170,000 commercial buildings constructed annually 44,000 commercial buildings demolished annually 1.6 million new homes built annually (1.3 million single family) 245,000 housing units demolished annually … and much more…

It leaves a legacy…:

(EBN 2001) It leaves a legacy… 4.6 million commercial buildings 101.5 million homes (63.8 single-family) 425,000 brownfield sites 4 million paved miles 35.4 million square miles total paved surfaces (public roadways, paved parking areas, and driveways) More than 50% of wetlands lost in the lower 48 states between the late 1700s and the mid-1980s … and much more…

In other words, we face an unsustainable linear approach to development…:

In other words, we face an unsustainable linear approach to development… (Inspired by D. Roberts)

So, what can we do to address and overcome these challenges?:

So, what can we do to address and overcome these challenges?

A wide range of constituencies, not only in the AEC industry but in other industries as well, have been attempting for many years the implementation of possible mechanisms to slow, reduce, and eliminate these impacts, and even restore conditions to a better state…:

A wide range of constituencies, not only in the AEC industry but in other industries as well, have been attempting for many years the implementation of possible mechanisms to slow, reduce, and eliminate these impacts, and even restore conditions to a better state…

In other words, they have been striving to implement sustainability…:

In other words, they have been striving to implement sustainability… (Inspired by D. Roberts)

However, one problem is that when you start to discuss sustainability…:

However, one problem is that when you start to discuss sustainability… Some people strive to use tactics to leave you: Scared… (the possible outcomes) Bad… (the statistics and blame) Guilty… (the greater good) Confused… ( the intellectual base) Relieved… (the technological fix) Although any discussion on Built Environment Sustainability (BES) needs to address all these points of view, this presentation will strive to avoid the polarization they inevitably cause…

… and instead of debating any of these points of view, focus on:what could the A/E/C Industry do to effectively implementBuilt Environment Sustainability(BES)?:

… and instead of debating any of these points of view, focus on: what could the A/E/C Industry do to effectively implement Built Environment Sustainability (BES)?

The first thing that we can do to implement BES in the A/E/C Industry is to:Establish, as a point of departure, the dimensions, influences, and scales of BES…:

The first thing that we can do to implement BES in the A/E/C Industry is to: Establish, as a point of departure, the dimensions, influences, and scales of BES…

So, from various perspectives...:

So, from various perspectives...

...and at various levels of complexity...:

...and at various levels of complexity... (Inspired by P. Anastas)

…we need to establish that what we need/want to sustain are...:

…we need to establish that what we need/want to sustain are...

People:

Individuals Communities Organizations Families Body Mind Heart Soul People

The Built Environment:

The Built Environment Residential Facilities Civil Infrastructure Systems Non- Residential Facilities Industrial Facilities

Production Systems:

Products Services Production Systems Goods

The Natural Environment:

Air Water Soil Biota (Plant and Animal Species) Local Global The Natural Environment

The Resource Base:

The Resource Base Resource Base

The Resource Base:

The Resource Base Built Capital (Facilities and Infrastructure) Social Capital (Professional and Non-professional Workforce) Economic Capital Industrial Capital (Products, Goods, Services) Natural Capital (Renewable and Non-renewable Resources)

Dimensions, Influences, and Scales of BES:

Dimensions, Influences, and Scales of BES

The Spatial Scale of BES:

The Spatial Scale of BES

Dimensions, Influences, and Scales of BES:

Dimensions, Influences, and Scales of BES

The Temporal Scale of BES:

The Temporal Scale of BES

Dimensions, Influences, and Scales of BES:

Dimensions, Influences, and Scales of BES

However,“There is nothing more tragic than the death of a beautiful theory at the hands of a brutal gang of irrefutable facts.”:

However, “There is nothing more tragic than the death of a beautiful theory at the hands of a brutal gang of irrefutable facts.”

… and the irrefutable facts are that the AEC industry…:

… and the irrefutable facts are that the AEC industry… … operates with a “Horizontal Tunnel Vision” within “Vertical Stovepipes”… … follows a “Cradle to Grave” path of development combined with a “Turf Mentality” at an industry level… … is full of “Conventional Enterprises” that operate with “Institutional Amnesia”... … lives in the “Jail of the Status Quo” further hampered by the “Shackles of Quality, Cost, and Time” within a “Commodity and Service Trap”…

… and the irrefutable facts are that the AEC industry… (cont.):

… and the irrefutable facts are that the AEC industry… (cont.) … executes AEC projects as an “Obstacle Course Race” with a “Herd of Cats” who are constantly “Thumb Wrestling” and who suffer from “Spatial and Temporal Myopia”… … needs to overcome its “Piece Meal” and “Rice Bowls” mentalities, and to avoid all the “Islands of Execution and Automation”…

In fact, compared to other industries…:

In fact, compared to other industries…

So, in this brutal context, very few theories have a chance to survive …:

So, in this brutal context, very few theories have a chance to survive …

So the second thing that we can do to implement BES in the A/E/C Industry is to:Apply a roadmap and a set of principles for the implementation of BES that will enable the AEC industry to move from its current inhibitors to a new set of enablers…:

So the second thing that we can do to implement BES in the A/E/C Industry is to: Apply a roadmap and a set of principles for the implementation of BES that will enable the AEC industry to move from its current inhibitors to a new set of enablers…

From A/E/C industry fragmentation…:

From A/E/C industry fragmentation…

…to A/E/C industry collaboration:

…to A/E/C industry collaboration Collaboration Sustainable Facilities (F) Sustainable Civil Infrastructure Systems (CIS) Sustainable Technologies, Systems, Products, Materials, & Equipment for FCIS

From a limited and narrow view of A/E/C project scope…:

From a limited and narrow view of A/E/C project scope…

…to an expanded A/E/C project scope:

…to an expanded A/E/C project scope

From the “Jail of the Status Quo”…:

From the “Jail of the Status Quo”…

…to continuous improvement:

Research & Development Education & Training Best Practices Lessons Learned Creativity & Innovation …to continuous improvement

…to continuous improvement:

…to continuous improvement

…to continuous improvement:

…to continuous improvement

From a very fragmented life cycle execution of an A/E/C project…:

From a very fragmented life cycle execution of an A/E/C project…

…to an integrated project life cycle:

…to an integrated project life cycle Bid or Negotiate, Award Pre-project Planning & Funding Project Definition Package Conceptual/ Schematic Design Design Development Contract Documents End-of- Service Life Decision Characterization & Performance Goals Setting Operation/ Maintenance/ Management Construction Planning Construction Operations Start–Up Commissioning Phase

From a conventional performance paradigm…:

From a conventional performance paradigm… Safety Quality Time Cost Capital Project Performance

…to an enhanced performance paradigm:

Product Performance Parameters Conventional Performance Parameters Life Cycle Performance Parameters Delivery Performance Parameters …to an enhanced performance paradigm 3. Short-Term and Long-Term Formal/Physical Performance 2. Short-Term and Long-Term Functional Performance 1. Physical and Nonphysical Contextual Compatibility and Response 4. Short-Term and Long-Term Quality and Reliability Performance 12. Sustainability Performance 11. Health Performance CAPITAL PROJECT PERFORMANCE 6. Short-Term and Long-Term Time Performance 5. Short-Term and Long-Term Cost Performance 7. Short-Term and Long-Term Risk Performance 8. Short-Term and Long-Term Safety Performance 9. Procurability, Constructability, and Commissionability Performance 10. Operability, Maintainability, and Security Performance

From “Islands of Project Definition”…:

From “Islands of Project Definition”… (10) 3-D MODEL (11) FINANCIAL/COST MODEL (12) TIME MODEL (13) PRODUCTION PROCESS MODEL (8) PROJECT COMMISSIONING PLAN (PCP) (4) PROJECT TEAM (PT) (5) INTEGRATED DESIGN PACKAGE (IDP) Product Definition (1) PROGRAM DEFINITION PACKAGE (PDP) (2) PHYSICAL AND NON-PHYSICAL CONTEXTS (9) PROJECT PROCUREMENT PLAN (PProcP) (6) PRODUCTION PROCESS PLAN (PPP) Process Definition (7) WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) Integrated Product/Process Definition (3) PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN (PEP)

…to integrated project definition :

…to integrated project definition

… and many, many more…:

… and many, many more…

The challenge, though, is that all these enablers require various degrees of change…:

The challenge, though, is that all these enablers require various degrees of change…

So the third thing that we can do to implement BES in the A/E/C Industry is to:Acknowledge, address, and manage change, and then just do it!:

So the third thing that we can do to implement BES in the A/E/C Industry is to: Acknowledge, address, and manage change, and then just do it!

What will be the trigger of change…?:

What will be the trigger of change…? Regardless of the trigger, changes toward sustainability are inevitable, and how organizations respond to these changes will make them: end with a Pile of CASH… or end as a Pile of ASH…

...stated in another way...:

...stated in another way... “...You really-oughta-wanna...” “...You really-shoulda...” “...You really-gonna-hafta...” “...You really-gonna-wanna...” (Inspired by P. Melhus)

So in closing, let me leave you with the following thought:What if the A/E/C Industry had…?:

So in closing, let me leave you with the following thought: What if the A/E/C Industry had…?

Slide71:

A Solid Conceptual Framework and Implementation Roadmap for BES Reliable Data and Analyses of the Benefits of BES Reliable Data and Analyses of the Economic Impact of Achieving and Not Achieving BES Industry and Multi-stakeholder Alignment and Partnering toward BES Public and Private Investment in BES A Coordinated Public and Private Sectors National Agenda for BES (Inspired by R. Jackson)

Slide72:

... and in addition, we were able to overthrow the Tyranny of the OR… and embrace the Genius of the AND…