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Evaporative Emissions Control Technology – An Engine Manufacturer’s Perspective: 

Evaporative Emissions Control Technology – An Engine Manufacturer’s Perspective Two Threshold Design Issues: Pressurized Fuel Systems? Metal or Treated Plastic Tank? Implementation Issues: Lead-time for new fuel systems Equipment integration issues

Sealed Tank Systems: 

Sealed Tank Systems

Sealed Tank System Characteristics: 

Sealed Tank System Characteristics Tank Pressure Control Valve Pressurized fuel tank Tank Pressure-Vacuum Relief Mechanism Fuel lines and connectors

Tank Pressure Control Valves: 

Tank Pressure Control Valves Require dual vent and fuel shut-off valves Isolate of carburetor from high pressures Sequential valve actuation – start and hot restart performance? Automatic valve actuation mechanism Engine brake bail only on WBM Blade-brake clutch solution? Other application solution? Spatial relations or packaging limitations

WBM Fuel System Spatial Relationships: 

WBM Fuel System Spatial Relationships Brake Brake Brake Fuel Tank Fuel Tank Fuel Tank Carburetor Carburetor Carburetor Briggs & Stratton Briggs & Stratton Tecumseh

Tank Pressurization Concerns: 

Tank Pressurization Concerns Fatigue failure consequences Crack sprays – increased risk for uncontrolled liquid fuel release if cracks occur Pressurized tanks will be less forgiving under impact conditions Tank deformation

Tank Deformation Under Pressure: 

Tank Deformation Under Pressure

Residual Tank Deformation 5 Minutes After Pressure Relief: 

Residual Tank Deformation 5 Minutes After Pressure Relief

Tank Deformation at 3.0 psig: 

Tank Deformation at 3.0 psig

Tank Deformation at 5.0 psig: 

Tank Deformation at 5.0 psig

Automotive Fuel Tank Pressure-Vacuum Relief Cap: 

Automotive Fuel Tank Pressure-Vacuum Relief Cap

Pressure –Vacuum Relief Performance: 

Pressure –Vacuum Relief Performance

Pressure Relief – 30 Part Population : 

Pressure Relief – 30 Part Population

Pressure Relief – After Soak: 

Pressure Relief – After Soak

Pressure Relief – Umbrella Valves: 

Pressure Relief – Umbrella Valves Data available Monday, 6/30. Will show cracking pressure in10 piece population before and after Cert fuel soak.

Pressure-Vacuum Relief Valves Summary: 

Pressure-Vacuum Relief Valves Summary Commercially available fuel system pressure-vacuum relief valves: Not binary (leak before relief) Relief pressures are inconsistent Fuel exposure affects valve performance

Fuel Hose and Connection Reliability Summary: 

Fuel Hose and Connection Reliability Summary Pressurized fuel systems will introduce stresses to fuel system connections Reduced reliability Fuel spray possible at failure Gross-emitters Operator Risk Maintenance and Repair Risk

J2260 Tubing and Connectors: 

J2260 Tubing and Connectors

Packaging Constraints - Fuel Line: 

Packaging Constraints - Fuel Line WBM Engine – Line Routing and Interferences

Automotive Fuel Cap Warnings: 

Automotive Fuel Cap Warnings

Automotive Fuel Fill Neck: 

Automotive Fuel Fill Neck

Small Off-Road Engine Fuel Fill Neck B&S 6.5 Hp Vertical Shaft: 

Small Off-Road Engine Fuel Fill Neck B&S 6.5 Hp Vertical Shaft

Small Off Road Engine Fuel Fill Neck B&S 8 hp Horizontal Shaft: 

Small Off Road Engine Fuel Fill Neck B&S 8 hp Horizontal Shaft

Small Off-Road Engine Fuel Fill Neck M9/10: 

Small Off-Road Engine Fuel Fill Neck M9/10

Vapor Release Management: 

Vapor Release Management Challenges are more acute than those encountered in other industries Short fill necks Tight packaging Thermal management of exhaust and catalyst Angle of operation Refueling

Evaporative Controls Testing Industry Capabilities: 

Evaporative Controls Testing Industry Capabilities