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The Pharaohs: 

The Pharaohs Grant Boultinghouse Jonathan Willing Jeremy Welch Global Studies Jan. 9, 2003

What is a pharaoh and what does it does it mean?: 

What is a pharaoh and what does it does it mean? A pharaoh is an ancient Egyptian ruler. He/she controlled both upper and lower Egypt, owned the land, made laws, defended the land, and even collected taxes. The word pharaoh is believed to mean one of two things. Some think it is a compound including two words, phe meaning “the”, and ra meaning “sun” or “sun god” resulting in phera meaning “the sun”, or “the sun god”. It is also thought to be derived from the word Perao meaning “the great house”. The word pharaoh also used to refer to his or her palace not only the king himself.

Beliefs : 

Beliefs Pharaohs were thought of as gods, not just kings, to link the Egyptian people to their gods.

Tombs: 

Tombs Tombs were the burial site for pharaohs. As well as the body, the pharaoh’s riches were also buried with them. By doing this the people thought it would ensure them an unending after-life.

Ramesses II : 

Ramesses II Known for being a strong military leader, and building many temples, Remesses II ruled from 1279-1213 B.C.

Beit el-Wali Cast : 

Beit el-Wali Cast The Beit el-Wali Cast is a wall built by Ramesses II. It tells the story of the war he fought against the people of Nubia.

Bibliography: 

Bibliography Pharaoh. http://carlos.emory.edu/ODYSSEY/EGYPTpharaoh.html. King Tut’s Tomb. http://www.pagosa.k12.co.us/High/TutwebPage/tutstomb4.html. Pharaoh-Lord of Two Lands. http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/pharaoh/explore/main.html.

Mummies: 

Mummies By Jonathan Willing

Process of Mummification: 

Process of Mummification The body was washed and ritually purified. The embalmers removed the lungs, stomach, intestines, and liver through a slit cut in the left side of the body. The body was dried in a container on natron salts for 40 days and anointed with perfumes and oils. The body was then wrapped in yards of linen and covered with a shroud held in place by more linen, the whole process taking up to 15 days. A painted mask was put on the head, neck and shoulders of the mummy for religious purposes. The mummy was then put into a coffin, or a sarcophagus, and then put into the readied tomb.

Slide10: 

History of Mummification The first method of burial of the Egytians was to put the dead in small pits in the desert. It was soon discovered that this made the bodies susceptible to wild animals, heat, and air, so the Egyptians started to use coffins. This was also ended because in the coffin, the bodies started to decay rapidly. After many attempts, the Egytians finally discovered the secret process of mummification. In 3,000 years time, nearly 70 million mummies were created. Around the 3rd century AD though, most of the Egytians had converted to Christianity and no longer believed that mummification was necessary for life after death.

Slide11: 

Egyptian Beliefs The Egyptians believed that after they died, they passed on to the afterlife. Pharaohs were buried with many of their personal belongings and slaves to aid them in the next life. It was believed that pharaohs would become gods in the afterlife. Any citizens of the upper class of Egypt could be mummified, if they were wealthy enough.

Slide12: 

Bibliographies "Mummification." Ancient Egypt. The British Museum. 07 Jan. 2003 <http://ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/home.html>. Deurer, Richard. An Egyptian Mummification. 03 Oct. 1998. 26 Dec. 2002 <http://members.aol.com/egyptart/mummy.html>.

People of Ancient Egypt: 

People of Ancient Egypt By Jeremy Welch

Worship: 

Worship Everyone in Ancient Egypt worshiped their favorite god. Egyptians cities each worshiped three gods, a god, goddess, and their son. Everyone worshiped their god at their homes. The temples were considered the gods living places and only priests could enter the temples.

Daily Life: 

Daily Life The kids didn’t play much. They spent most of their time learning to become adults. The children would accompany their parents to their job so the the children could learn the trade. There weren’t many furnishings in the houses. A couple of stools were the main furniture. The kitchen had an circular shaped oven. All the food was stored in pottery jars and the main and usually the only cooking utensil was the two-handled saucepan.

Food: 

Food Farmers used the rich, fertile soil of the Nile, to grow their crops. Some of the most common crops that were grown were, emmer, barley, flax, lentils, onion, beans, and millet. They also had a variety of meat, fish, and fowl. They also grew many different kinds of fruits and vegetables. Their drink of choice was beer but only the nobility could afford wine on a daily basis.

Social Classes: 

Social Classes Egypt was divided into eight different social classes The first was the Pharaoh Then the nobles and the priests Soldiers Scribes Merchants Artisans Farmers Servants Slaves

Bibliographies: 

Bibliographies The Kent School District http://www.kent.wednet.edu/curriculum/soc_studies/Egypt/life.html Carnegie museum of Natural History http://www.carnegiemuseums.org/cmnh/exhibits/egypt/dailylife.html