Basic Parts of the Plant: Basic Parts of the Plant Roots Stems Leaves Flower


Roots: Roots 1. Anchor Plant 2. Absorb water and minerals 3. Translocate water and minerals to stem 4. Store Food


Stems: Stems 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves 2. Support the leaves and display them to light 3. Store Food


Leaves: Leaves 1. Make food through photosynthesis 2. Provide site of gas exchange 3. Store food


Flowers: Flowers 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production 2. Produce seeds and fruit


Different type of Roots: Different type of Roots A. Tap Root Continuation of the primary root Ideal for anchorage Penetration is greater for water Storage area for food made by photosynthesis


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Different type of Roots: Different type of Roots B. Fibrous Roots Many finely branched secondary roots Shallow roots cover a large area More effective absorption of water and minerals Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion


Different type of Roots: Different type of Roots C. Aerial roots Clinging air roots Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems Roots that fasten the plant to a support Absorptive air roots


Different type of Roots: Different type of Roots Adventitious Roots Develop in places other than nodes Can form on cuttings and rhizomes


Roots: Roots Root hairs: Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular tissues have formed. Increase surface area Absorb water and minerals from soil


Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus) underground Solid, fleshy, scale covered


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Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions) Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other Underground stem


Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems C. Tuber (potato, caladium) Food storage area Short, thick underground stem


Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems D. Crown (African Violets, fern) Closely grouped stems or plantlets Just above ground or just below


Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems E. Spurs (pear and apple trees) Short sems found on woody plant limbs adapted for increased production of fruits


Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley) Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground


Specialized Stems: Specialized Stems G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant) Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface


Principal Tissues of the Leaf: Principal Tissues of the Leaf Epidermis Cuticle Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants


Principal Tissues of the Leaf: Principal Tissues of the Leaf Epidermis (cont) Stomata Openings in the epidermis mainly located on underside of leaves Exchange of gases


Principal Tissues of the Leaf: Principal Tissues of the Leaf Epidermis (cont) Guard Cells Two cells located on each side of stomata Open and closes stomata


Principal Tissues of the Leaf: Principal Tissues of the Leaf Mesophyll layer Palisade mesophyll Primary site of photosynthesis Spongy mesophyll Contains air and chloroplasts Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange


Principal Tissues of the Leaf: Principal Tissues of the Leaf Veins or vascular bundles In spongy mesophyll Phloem tissues conduct food from photosynthesis to rest of plant Xylem tissues conduct water and minerals up to cells in leaves and stems


Parts of the Flower: Parts of the Flower Sepals Outer covering of the flower bud Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is in bud stage


Parts of the Flower: Parts of the Flower Petals Brightly colored Protects stamen and pistills Attracts pollinating insects


Parts of the Flower: Parts of the Flower Stamens Male Reproductive part Anther-produces pollen Filament-supports the anther


Parts of the Flower: Parts of the Flower Pistil Female reproductive part Ovary Enlarged portion at base of pistill Produces ovules which develop into seeds Stigma Holds the pollen grains


Parts of the Flower: Parts of the Flower Style Connects the stigma with ovary Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated


Complete and Incomplete Flowers: Complete and Incomplete Flowers Complete: have all four main parts Sepals Petals Stamens Pistils