Galitzan

As Long As Grass Grows Or Water RunsChapter 7 (p. 125-134): 

As Long As Grass Grows Or Water Runs Chapter 7 (p. 125-134) By: Tatevik Galstyan tg850330

Why Indian Removal?: 

Why Indian Removal? Cleared the land of Native Americans between the Appalachians and the Mississippi for: Cotton in the South Grain in the North Expansion Immigration Canals Railroads New cities Make way for huge empire across the Pacific Ocean.

Indian removal was an opening for American lands:: 

To agriculture To commerce To markets To money To develop the modern capitalist economy. Indian removal was an opening for American lands:

Indians migrate westward. Trail of Tears: 

Indians migrate westward. Trail of Tears “The Indians would not be ‘forced’ to go West. But if they chose to stay they would have to abide by state laws, which destroyed their tribal and personal rights and made them subject to endless harassment and invasion by white settlers coveting their land. If they left, however, the federal government would give them financial support and promise them lands beyond the Mississippi” (p. 133).

Steps to Indian Removal: 

Steps to Indian Removal Jefferson said that “…Two measures are deemed to expedient. First to encourage them to abandon hunting… Secondly, To Multiply trading houses among them… leading them thus to agriculture, to manufactures, and civilization…”(p. 126).

Red Sticks: 

Red Sticks Those Indians who opposed the conversion and leaving of their lands were known as “Red Sticks” The Red Sticks in 1813 massacred 250 people at Fort Mims. Jackson’s tactic against the Red Sticks “…if either party, cherokees, friendly creeks, or whites, takes property of the Red Sticks, the property belongs to those who take it” (p. 127).

1814 Treaty with the Creeks: 

1814 Treaty with the Creeks Granted Indians ownership of land Splitting Indian from Indian Breaking up communal landholding Bribing some with land and leaving others out Introducing competition

Treaties of 1814 to 1824: 

Treaties of 1814 to 1824 Whites took 3/4 of Alabama and Florida 1/3 Of Tennessee 1/5 of Georgia and Mississippi Parts of Kentucky and North Carolina

Result of Treaties: 

Result of Treaties Settlers moved into Indian Land Indians Attacked Jackson ordered those villages to be destroyed. Indians suffered and died.

Jackson raids into Florida: 

Jackson raids into Florida Jackson said that Florida was essential to the defense of the United States. Seminole War of 1818 began. As History books refer to it as the “Florida Purchase, 1819” (p. 129). Burning Seminole villages Seizing Spanish Forts Spain was “persuaded” to sell

Black Hawk War: 

Black Hawk War Soldiers killed women and children as well as warriors Chief Black Hawk after his surrender- “This is the last sun that shone on Black Hawk… He is now a prisoner of the white men” (p. 130). Sac and Fox Indians of Illinois were removed Black Hawk

Cass’s Promise: 

Cass’s Promise “If the Indians would only move to new lands across the Mississippi, Cass promised in 1825 at a treaty council with Shawnees and Cherokees, ‘The United States will never ask for your land there. This I promise you in the name of your great father, the President. That country he assigns to his red people, to be held by them and their children’s children forever’” (p. 132). Tecumseh, “My father! The sun is my father and the earth is my mother; I will repose upon her bossom” (p. 133).

By 1844Fewer than 30,000 Indians were left. : 

By 1844 Fewer than 30,000 Indians were left. In 1820 120,000 Indians lived East of Mississippi Seventy thousand Indians east of the Mississippi were forced westward

Works Cited: 

Works Cited Zinn, Howard, A People’s History of the United States.  United States: HyperCollins Publishers, 1999. < http://libcom.org/files/zinn.jpg > < http://oregonstate.edu/dept/ncs/photos/zinn.jpg > < http://www.il.ngb.army.mil/Images/Museum/HistoricalEvents/Blackhawk/BlackhawkLg.gif > < http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~emt9627/native%20americans.jpg > <http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/images/CRcommission/Indian%20Voice%20Treaty%20Abrogation%20Cartoon%2010%5B1%5D.1977-250.JPG > < http://www.geocities.com/civilwarstudy101/cotton.jpg > < http://nutrition.preschoolrock.com/uploads/images/grain.jpg > < http://collections.rmsc.org/BritishPottery/images/CanalAtHudson.jpg > < http://clarke.cmich.edu/michrailroads/exhibitimages/trainintro.jpg > < http://www.madison.k12.wi.us/tnl/detectives/kids/WestwardExpansion_.gif> < http://www.sonofthesouth.net/texas/pictures/westward-expansion-map-650.jpg > < http://www.dakotaswtraders.com/images/native_american_looking.jpg > < http://www.tooter4kids.com/Thanksgiving/_derived/trail_of_tears.htm_txt_trailoftears.gif >

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BY: Tatevik Galstyan TG850330