DemographicsofChildr eninImmigrantFamilies

Randy Capps, The Urban Institute: 

Randy Capps, The Urban Institute Demographics of Children in Immigrant Families “Immigrants and Health Policy: Implications for SCHIP Reauthorization” Congressional Briefing April 20, 2007

36 Million Immigrants Total:12% of U.S. Population: 

36 Million Immigrants Total: 12% of U.S. Population

Children of Immigrants: One in Five: 

Children of Immigrants: One in Five Children of Immigrants Born in U.S. Foreign-Born Sources: Urban Institute Tabulations from 2005 CPS, March Demographic and Economic Supplement; 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Census Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS). Note: Children of Immigrants have at least one parent born outside the United States. Immigrants exclude individuals born in Puerto Rico. Share of U.S. Children under Age 18

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2/3 of Immigrants Lived in 6 States, 2000 Immigration Categories

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But Top 10 States with Fastest Growing F.B. Pops. Are Different Immigration Categories

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22 States Grew Faster than “Big 6” from 1990 to 2000 Immigration Categories

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Southeast Had 7 of 10 Fastest Growing F.B. Populations, 2000-2005 Percent Growth in Foreign-Born Population, 2000-2005 US Avg. 16% SOURCE: Migration Policy Institute Data Hub

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But These Fast Growing States Had Low F.B. Population Shares in 2005 Percent Growth in Foreign-Born Population, 2000-2005 US Avg. 12% SOURCE: Migration Policy Institute Data Hub

U.S.: Half of Immigrants from Latin America (31% Mexico), 1/4 from Asia: 

35.7 Million Foreign-Born (2005 U.S. American Community Survey) Mexico 11 million (31%) Europe, Oceania, and North America 5.9 million (17%) Africa & West Indies 2.8 million (8%) Other Latin America and Spanish Speaking Caribbean 6.5 million (18%) Asia 9.5 million (27%) U.S.: Half of Immigrants from Latin America (31% Mexico), 1/4 from Asia

3 in 10 U.S. Immigrants Are Unauthorized: 

37 Million Foreign-Born in 2005 (Passel 2006) Legal permanent residents (LPR) (10.5 million) 28% Legal temporary residents (1.3 million) 3% Naturalized citizens (11.5 million) 31% Refugees (2.6 million) 7% Unauthorized immigrants (11.1 million) 30% 3 in 10 U.S. Immigrants Are Unauthorized

But Most Children of ImmigrantsAre U.S. Born Citizens: 

But Most Children of Immigrants Are U.S. Born Citizens (March 2005 Current Population Survey, Imputed) 73.9 Million Children in 2005

Mixed Status Families: 

1+ Non-Citizen Adults and 1+ Citizen Children 9.6 Million U.S. Children 13% of all U.S. Children 60% of Kids in Immigrant Families 84% of Kids in Non-Citizen Families In Legal Immigrant (LPR) Families -- 86% of Kids are Citizens!! Mixed Status Families (March 2005 Current Population Survey, Imputed)

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Young Children of Immigrants (0-5) Most Likely to be U.S. Citizens (March 2004 Current Population Survey)

Children of ImmigrantsIncreasingly Poor: 

Children of Immigrants Increasingly Poor Children of immigrants White, not Hispanic children* Percent of K-12 Students in Families Below 100% of Poverty African-American children* Source: Van Hook & Fix (2000); Urban Institute tabulations from C2SS PUMS. Excludes Puerto Ricans. * Includes children of both immigrants and natives.

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Children of Immigrants Have High Levels of Economic Hardship (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

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1/3 of Young Children of Immigrants (0-5) Linguistically Isolated (2000 Census, 5 percent PUMS)

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(2002 National Survey of America’s Families) Benefits Use Low in Low-Income Working* Immigrant Families * Low-income working families are families with children, incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, and adults who worked at least 1,000 hours on average in 2001.

SCHIP, Medicaid Changes, Outreach Improve Access: 

SCHIP, Medicaid Changes, Outreach Improve Access Outreach: Eligibility rules Public charge, other immigration concerns More points of access in the community: Hospitals, clinics, CBOs, e.g. Application assistance/pre-screening Simpler application procedures: Less verification Mail in, fax, internet applications In-person interviews at offices not required (2001 Urban Institute study of Medicaid and SCHIP application process in 6 states)

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(2001 Urban Institute study of Medicaid and SCHIP application process in 6 states) Medicaid/SCHIP points of access

Immigrants’ Kids’ Access to SCHIP May Vary across States : 

New growth states (e.g., Southeast) have high undocumented shares; population more settled in major immigrant states. English proficiency levels also likely lower in new growth states. Bilingual capacity also lower in new growth states (but mostly Spanish required). More languages, diversity in major states. Fiscal capacity lower in most new growth states; higher in major states. Immigrants’ Kids’ Access to SCHIP May Vary across States

For more information,contact: : 

For more information, contact: Randy Capps Immigration Studies Program Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population Urban Institute 2100 M St., NW Washington, DC 20037 rcapps@ui.urban.org (202) 261-5302