APUSH Chapter2 2007

THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA: 

THE PLANTING OF ENGLISH AMERICA CHAPTER 2 (1500-1733)

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Dawning of 17th Century: 

Dawning of 17th Century Columbian Exchange Mercantilism Limit Imports/Enhance Exports Gold and other precious metals determine wealth of a nation Peruvian and Mexican silver Religion Catholicism Protestantism Far Distant Colonies Spanish (Santa Fe) in 1610 (soldiers) French (Quebec) in 1608 (priests and trading posts) English (Jamestown) in 1607 (families)

England on the Eve of Empire : 

England on the Eve of Empire Economic recession and depression hits England 1550s (farmers and sheepherders) Puritanism taking hold “Surplus” population through the 1600s

England’s Imperial Stirrings: 

England’s Imperial Stirrings Spain “on a roll” after 1492 for nearly 70 years Advantage over Portugal England Internal domestic English Protestant Reformation period by King Henry VIII in 1530s

Elizabeth Energizes England: 

Elizabeth Energizes England English buccaneers Seadogs Twin goals (promote) Protestantism Seizing Spanish gold and other treasures Sir Francis Drake

England’s Imperial Stirrings: 

England’s Imperial Stirrings Rise of Protestant Queen Elizabeth I Virgin Queen Economic, Political and Military struggle with Spain to compete for New World order and opportunities Sir Humphrey Gilbert Newfoundland King Philip II (Spain) Sir Walter Raleigh Wit, good looks and courtly manners Royal Charter (contract) Roanoke (1585)

Elizabeth Energizes England: 

Elizabeth Energizes England Lost Colony of Roanoke, Virginia Governor John White 100 colonists disappeared Virginia Dare Problems with Roanoke and Croaton (Lumbees) War with Spain 1588

Elizabeth Energizes England: 

Elizabeth Energizes England King Philip II English Sea dogs Spanish flotilla, 130 strong, into the English Channel Large versus small ships Tactics Weather End of the Spanish imperial dreams England rules the seas Roanoke

Elizabeth Energizes England: 

Elizabeth Energizes England Flowering of English national spirit Spanish Armada Golden Age of Literature William Shakespeare Treaty (1604) with Spain England launches into colonization of the New World

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling: 

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling “Rights of Englishmen” Festered resentment of the mother country and the Catholic King King James I Raleigh sells vested interests in North America charter Virginia Company of London Joint-Stock company (1606) Chesapeake Bay Jamestown (1607) James River

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling: 

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling Jamestown Christopher Newport 108 settlers 40 perish in first winter Ships (hurricane) shipwrecked in Bermuda John Rolfe John Smith “He who shall not work shall not eat.” Captured (December 1607) Pocahontas

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling: 

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling Chief Powhatan Opanchancanough Under-chief Chief of the Pamunkies Uncle of Pocahontas John Smith nearly killed Returned to England (1609) Settlers decide to return themselves James River going home in 1610

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling: 

England Plants the Jamestown Seedling Lord De La Warr Met settlers Returned to Jamestown Aggressive campaign against the Indians By 1625; only 1,200 of 8,000 settlers survive

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake: 

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Powhatan’s Confederacy Asserted supremacy Lord De La Warr Employed the “Irish tactics” Raided Indian villages, burned houses, confiscated provisions and torched cornfields” First Anglo-Powhatan War (1614) Ended with marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas First interracial union in Virginia Second Anglo-Powhatan War

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake: 

Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1644 Death of Pocahontas in 1617 Gravesend, England Openchancanough Treaty (1646) Native-Americans 10% (2,000 Indians) left in Virginia by 1669 Powhatan’s calamitous misfortune Victim of the three Ds: Disease Disorganization disposability

The Indians’ New World: 

The Indians’ New World Demise of the Indian in Virginia and surrounding area Three Ds Forced migration Trade transformation Expanding Atlantic economy Inferior resentment by English

Virginia: Child of Tobacco: 

Virginia: Child of Tobacco John Rolfe “father of the tobacco industry” “bewitching weed” “King Nicotine” Promoted the broad-acred plantation system Demand for labor Slave labor

Virginia: Child of Tobacco: 

Virginia: Child of Tobacco Slaves to Virginia 1619 Jamestown By 1650, three-hundred slaves (14% of the population) King James I Hostile toward Virginia Desired tobacco, but distrusted the House of Burgesses First legislative body in North America “seminary of sedition” Revoked Charter making it a royal colony directly under his control

Maryland: Catholic Haven: 

Maryland: Catholic Haven Founded in 1634 Lord Baltimore Sir George Calvert Prominent English Catholic family Maryland colony 200 settlers Resentment of Catholics by American Protestants Tobacco crops Slave labor Famous “Act of Tolerance”

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America: 

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America Weak Spanish colonies in West Indies England expands in Caribbean Jamaica (1655) Sugar Foundation of the West Indian economy

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America: 

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America Sugar Whereas, tobacco was considered a “poor man’s” crop; sugar a “rich man’s” crop Captial-intensive business Crops Mill Refining of the Sugar Labor intensive

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America: 

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America Sugar cane plantations in West Indies Within 50 years 250,000 slaves Four-to-one dominance Notorious “Barbados slave code of 1661” Denied basic human rights to Africans

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America: 

The West Indies: Way Station to Mainland America English farmers in West Indies “squeezed out” by sugar owners Small group of barons from Barbados arrived in Carolina in 1670 Slaves and Slave codes (1696) Encomienda system

Colonizing the Carolinas: 

Colonizing the Carolinas 1640s England, King Charles I Dismissed Parliament Oliver Cromwell rebellion English Civil war Puritans 11 years King Charles II restored throne in 1660

13 Original Colonies (page 37): 

13 Original Colonies (page 37)

The Emergence of North Carolina: 

The Emergence of North Carolina Poorer tobacco planters to North Carolina Haven for pirates Cape Hatteras “graveyard of the Atlantic” Developed a strong spirit of resistance to authority Separated in 1712 from South Carolina

The Emergence of North Carolina: 

The Emergence of North Carolina Spanish Florida using tribes to harass southern colonies North Carolinas defeated the Tuscarora Indians 6th tribe of the Iroquois Confederation South Carolinas defeated the Yamasee Indians

The Emergence of North Carolina: 

The Emergence of North Carolina By 1720 Hills and valleys of the Appalachian Mountains Cherokees Creeks Iroquois

The Iroquois: 

The Iroquois Mohawk Valley (NY) Iroquois Confederacy Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas Deganawidah and Hiawatha Algonkin (Algonquin)

The Iroquois: 

The Iroquois Longhouse Maternal Government and constitution Mohawks “keepers of the Eastern Fire” Middlemen to the European traders Seneca “Keepers of the Western Fire” Fur trading Enemies Hurons Eries Petuns

Late-Coming of Georgia: 

Late-Coming of Georgia English crown intended Georgia to be a buffer zone against Spanish Florida Named in honor of King George II of England James Oglethorpe Savannah Charleston German Lutherans Scots Highlanders No Catholics

The Plantation Colonies: 

The Plantation Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina and George Tobacco Rice Indigo Sugar