Concept map: Rocks and the rock cycle

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ROCKS MINERALS are made up of Naturally occuring Inorganic Molecular structure

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crystalline Non-crystalline e.g. Quartz

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Formation into rock: Pure form: Single element Combination of Different elements e.g. Gold (Au), Diamond (C) e.g. silicate minerals Like feldspar (Si, O, Al, K, Na, Ca)

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CLASSIFICATION Texture Structure Colour Permeability Degree of resistance to denudation Manner and environment Of formation Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

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Formation: Magma cooling and solidifying Two Classifications: Intrusive / Plutonic Extrusive / Hypabyssal Magma cooling faster on the surface Shorter period of Crystallization Smaller crystals Finer texture Magma cooling slower at depth within the lithosphere Longer period of Crystallization Larger crystals Coarser texture Depth Rate of cooling Size of crystals Texture BACK

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CLASSIFICATION Texture Structure Colour Permeability Degree of resistance to denudation Manner and environment Of formation Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

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Formation: Breakdown of rocks (weathering) Transport of rocks Deposition of rocks Compression by overlying layers of sediments… …plus heat Lithification (compaction and cementation between sediments to form rocks) Stratified (Layered) structure of rocks Bedding plane line of weakness Transition between two different layers

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Source of sediments sediment residues, biological debris chemical residues Pyroclastic Rocks: From silicate magma e.g. volcanic breccia tuff Detrital Rocks: Mechanically formed e.g. sandstone, shale, conglomerate Organically formed: e.g. compaction of seashells -> limestone Chemically formed: e.g. precipitation of limestone from calcite rich sea water or from calcite held in solution e.g. build up of hydrocarbon from organic matter to form coal BACK

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CLASSIFICATION Texture Structure Colour Permeability Degree of resistance to denudation Manner and environment Of formation Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Metamorphic rock

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‘morph’ : change => Change in nature (structure, texture, etc.) of all types of rocks Intense heat and pressure Contact metamorphism Pressure from accumulated sediments Dislocation metamorphism Mechanical deformation along fault planes Foliated texture Great strength More compact BACK