ling411 04

Types of Aphasic Symptoms: 

Types of Aphasic Symptoms Varieties of language deficits Inferences from language deficits Problems of interpretation Ling 411 – 04

Some speech of a Broca’s aphasic: 

Some speech of a Broca’s aphasic Examiner’s question: How did you get here today? Patient: Drivin’ … wife … yeah … drivin’ (These words produced effortfully)

Speech production: a complex process: 

Speech production: a complex process The motor realization of speech involves the smooth coordination of a number of separate neuromuscular systems Sensory feedback and monitoring enter this process at many points Coordination Activity of different systems must be coordinated Planning of neural activity has to precede low-level activation by varying amounts of time Lead time from neural activity to muscle activity differs from system to system (Goodglass, 62)

Some speech of another Broca aphasic: 

Some speech of another Broca aphasic Examiner: What brought you to the hospital? Patient: Yes ... Monday ... Dad, and Dad ... hospital, and ... Wednesday, Wednesday, nine o'clock and ... Thursday, ten o'clock ... doctors, two, two ... doctors and ... teeth, yah. And a doctor ... girl, and gums, and I (Patient was trying to explain that his father had brought him into the hospital on Wednesday to have some work done on his teeth.)

More, from a (different) Broca’s apasic: 

More, from a (different) Broca’s apasic "Me ... build-ing ... chairs, no, no cab-in-ets. One, saw ... then, cutting wood ... working ..."

Attempt to describe “cookie theft” picture (Broca’s aphasic): 

Attempt to describe “cookie theft” picture (Broca’s aphasic) Cookie … Okay … the cookie jar … and the kid is a … uh … stool … bump … the skool … skool … uh … hurt … and girl … I don’t know … Goodglass 139

Agrammatism in Broca’s aphasia: 

Agrammatism in Broca’s aphasia Examiner: Can you tell me about why you came back to the hospital? Patient: Yes … eh … Monday … eh … dad … Peter Hogan and dad .. hospital. Er … two … er … doctprs … and … er … thirty minutes … and … er … yes … hospital. And .. Er … Wednesday … Wednesday. Nine o’clock. And … er … Thursday, ten o’clock … doctors … two … two … doctors… and … er… teeth … fine. E: Not exactly your teeth … your g- P: Gum … gum … E: What did they do to them? P: And er … doctor and girl … and er .. And er gum … (Goodglass 105)

Some speech of a Wernicke’s aphasic: 

Some speech of a Wernicke’s aphasic Examiner’s question: Who lives at home with you? Patient: My wife, she goes her work to work on it but her heffle is all about it. On testing for comprehension of single words, patient can point to only one of six objects that are named for him. His attempts to write result in a jargon similar to his speech. Goodglass 2

Another Wernicke aphasic: 

Another Wernicke aphasic Attempt to describe a picture showing a young woman standing with books in her arms, portrayed in a farm scene with family members engaged in farm labor: “Well, all I know is, somebody is clipping the kreples and some wha, someone here on the kureping arm … why I don’t know.”

Some speech of an anomic aphasic: 

Some speech of an anomic aphasic Patient had suffered an embolic stroke during open-heart surgery. Produces speech effortlessly. Patient (describing his hospital experience): I had one of those … they did it on my … my … ort … my art … I can’t say it … there are two of them. Examiner: The aortic valve? Patient: That right. Then I was in the … where they put three or four people. Goodglass 1

More examples of anomia: 

More examples of anomia I gave him a … Oh God! I know it! Why can’t I say it? I lost my … I keep my money it it.

Some speech of a conduction aphasic: 

Some speech of a conduction aphasic Patient: I came into the hospital for some tecs ... Some secs … tesk … T E S … tests. Goodglass 73

Paraphasia: 

Paraphasia Verbal paraphasia Use of one word instead of the intended one Usually, same part of speech Phonemic paraphasia Unintended phonemes or sequences of phonemes “paker” for “paper”, “sisperos” for “rhinoceros” Neologistic paraphasia “tilto” for “table” See, my refkid is … are bad. Oh, my cathopes noe too good. Well, my gupa wasn’t too good. (85)

Examples from a picture-naming test: 

Examples from a picture-naming test Patient Target Word Response Mr. W. stethoscope telescope – not right (Broca) asparagus carrot – no pinwheel kite nozzle hose – no Father L. seahorse mandarin (Wernicke) globe atlas stethoscope octopus – no* hourglass it’s a weather *A picture of an octopus had been presented earlier in the test (Goodglass 78)

Phonemic paraphasia in a conduction aphasic: 

Phonemic paraphasia in a conduction aphasic Target Word (picture) Response__________ Dart cart … part … chart Broom broo … croo … broom Scroll scrip… screl … scrit … roll it up … sholl … scroll Bench fence … park bence … bench Pinwheel pan .. P E A … peanwheel … pinwill … penwhale … pinfin … no pinwheel (Goodglass 88)

Two phonological systems: 

Two phonological systems Phonological recognition Phonological production Proposed by Wernicke in 1874

Two phonologies: 

Two phonologies Phonological recognition Phonological production

Phonological Areas of the Left Hemisphere: 

Phonological Areas of the Left Hemisphere Primary Auditory Area Phonological Recognition Phonological Production Wernicke’s Area Broca’s Area First proposed by Carl Wernicke in 1874

Principal cortical gyri: 

Principal cortical gyri

Phonological interconnections : 

Phonological interconnections The two phonologies are interconnected They have to be Why? Their mutual operation is coordinated Pathways for the coordination Arcuate fasciculus We know it goes from W’s area to B’s area Maybe also the opposite direction, but the evidence is not yet clear Alternate pathways The connections are established early on during the babbling stage of infancy

The Wernicke-Lichtheim model (1885): 

The Wernicke-Lichtheim model (1885) A – Auditory M – Motor B – Ideation Numbers indicate areas in which disconnection would produce distinct disorder From Lichtheim 1885

Modifying the Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram: 

Modifying the Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram Move this over Make this arched Move these toward center M A C m a ?

Modifying the Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram: 

Modifying the Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram M A C Dotted line: Connections for high- frequency items only m a

Modifying the Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram: 

Modifying the Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram M A C Dotted line: Connections for high- frequency items only m a C – Angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus M – Broca’s area m – mouth part of primary motor area a – primary auditory area A – Wernicke’s area Arcuate fasciculus

Some connections of the “C” node: 

Some connections of the “C” node V A M C Applies to concrete nouns (for example, DOG) Labels for Properties: A – Auditory C – Conceptual M – Memories T – Tactile V - Visual Each node in this diagram represents the “top node” of a subnetwork of properties T

Some connections of the “C” node for DOG : 

Some connections of the “C” node for DOG V P A M T C Each node in this diagram represents the “top node” of a subnetwork of properties Let’s zoom in on this one

Zooming in on the “V” Node..: 

Zooming in on the “V” Node.. DOG Etc. etc. (many layers) A network of visual features V

Two kinds of auditory information in the cortical structure for DOG: 

Two kinds of auditory information in the cortical structure for DOG V P A M T C Properties: A – Auditory C – Conceptual M – Memories P – Phonological T – Tactile V - Visual This is for the bark and other sounds made by dogs The spoken form [dog] as received in the auditory cortex (In this diagram, just one node shown for both “a” and “A” of Wernicke-Lichtheim diagram)

A portion of the of the cortical network for DOG: 

A portion of the of the cortical network for DOG V PA M C Properties: C – Conceptual M – Memories P – Phonological T – Tactile V - Visual Primary Auditory: the cortical structures in the primary auditory cortex that are activated when the ears receive the vibrations of the spoken form [dog] T P Wernicke’s area

A portion of the of the cortical network for dog: 

A portion of the of the cortical network for dog V P PA M C Properties: C – Conceptual M – Memories P – Phonological T – Tactile V – Visual PA – Primary Auditory Art - Articulatory Articulatory structures (in Broca’s area) that control articulation of the spoken form [dog] Art T Arcuate fasciculus

The Left Cerebral Hemisphere: 

The Left Cerebral Hemisphere Primary Somato- sensory Area Primary Auditory Area Primary Visual Area Mouth Phonological Recognition Phonological Production Primary motor area

Some of the cortical structure relating to dog: 

Some of the cortical structure relating to dog V PR A T Primary Somato- sensory Area C Primary Auditory Area Primary Visual Area PP

Slide33: 

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