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Introduction to Robotics Sookram Sobhan, Polytechnic University ssobha01@photon.poly.edu

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ADVANTAGES: 1.Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous work 2.Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.) 3.Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc. 4.Economy improvement

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DISADVANTAGES: 1.Unemployment rate increases due to machines replacing humans and putting those humans out of their jobs . 2.Technical Limitation . 3.Security Threats/Vulnerability : 4.Unpredictable development costs : 5.High initial cost :

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services: 

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services

What Can Robots Do: I: 

What Can Robots Do: I Decontaminating Robot Cleaning the main circulating pump housing in the nuclear power plant Jobs that are dangerous for humans

What Can Robots Do: II: 

What Can Robots Do: II Repetitive jobs that are boring, stressful, or labor-intensive for humans Welding Robot

What Can Robots Do: III: 

What Can Robots Do: III The SCRUBMATE Robot Menial tasks that human don’t want to do

Robot Defined: 

Robot Defined Word robot was coined by a Czech novelist Karel Capek in a 1920 play titled Rossum’s Universal Robots (RUR) Robota in Czech is a word for worker or servant Definition of robot: Any machine made by by one our members: Robot Institute of America  A robot is a reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks: Robot Institute of America, 1979 Karel Capek

Laws of Robotics: 

Laws of Robotics Asimov proposed three “Laws of Robotics” Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law

History of Robotics: I: 

History of Robotics: I The first industrial robot: UNIMATE 1954: The first programmable robot is designed by George Devol, who coins the term Universal Automation. He later shortens this to Unimation, which becomes the name of the first robot company (1962). UNIMATE originally automated the manufacture of TV picture tubes

History of Robotics: II: 

PUMA 560 Manipulator History of Robotics: II 1978: The Puma (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot is developed by Unimation with a General Motors design support

History of Robotics: III: 

1980s: The robot industry enters a phase of rapid growth. Many institutions introduce programs and courses in robotics. Robotics courses are spread across mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, and computer science departments. Adept's SCARA robots Barrett Technology Manipulator Cognex In-Sight Robot History of Robotics: III

History of Robotics: IV: 

2003: NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers will launch toward Mars in search of answers about the history of water on Mars 1995-present: Emerging applications in small robotics and mobile robots drive a second growth of start-up companies and research History of Robotics: IV

Key Components: 

Key Components Base Manipulator linkage Controller Sensors Actuators User interface Power conversion unit

Robot Base: Fixed v/s Mobile: 

Robot Base: Fixed v/s Mobile Mobile bases are typically platforms with wheels or tracks attached. Instead of wheels or tracks, some robots employ legs in order to move about. Robotic manipulators used in manufacturing are examples of fixed robots. They can not move their base away from the work being done.

Robot Mechanism: Mechanical Elements : 

Robot Mechanism: Mechanical Elements Inclined plane wedge Slider-Crank Cam and Follower Gear, rack, pinion, etc. Chain and sprocket Lever Linkage

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Hydraulic Motor Stepper Motor Pneumatic Motor Servo Motor Actuators: II Pneumatic Cylinder DC Motor

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Controller Provide necessary intelligence to control the manipulator/mobile robot Process the sensory information and compute the control commands for the actuators to carry out specified tasks

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Controller Hardware: I Storage devices: e.g., memory to store the control program and the state of the robot system obtained from the sensors

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Agriculture Automobile Construction Entertainment Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc. Laboratories: science, engineering , etc. Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc. Manufacturing Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc. Mining, excavation, and exploration Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc. Utilities: gas, water, and electric Warehouses Industries Using Robots

Future of Robots: III: 

Future of Robots: III HONDA Humanoid Robot Humanoids