ECOLOGY: ECOLOGY Population Concept Ecosystem Concept Example of ecosystem Cycling and Energy flow Inter-relationship Succession


Population Concept: Population Concept Factor affecting population growth Growth curve Survivorshio curves Age pyramids


Factors affect population: Factors affect population Birth rate (natality) Death rate (mortality) Time to reach sexual maturity Number of individual now Life span Migration Competition Predation Physical factor


Growth Curve: Growth Curve S-shaped curve J-shaped curve


S-shaped Curve: S-shaped Curve Lag Log Stationary


J- shaped Curve (algae): J- shaped Curve (algae) Nutrient added Nutrient Used up


Survivorship Curve: Survivorship Curve Fish, crab Most animal, plant Man, large animal


Age pyramids: Age pyramids


Growth of human population: Growth of human population Medical technology Agricultural technology Less natural disaster Insufficient birth control


Control of population: Control of population Legistration Education Medical method Physical Barrier Contraceptive pill operation


Related Web site: Related Web site Ecology: Populations — Growth, range, density, hyperlinks http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/Bio/BIO181/BIOBK/BioBookpopecol.html


Ecosystem Concept: Ecosystem Concept Habitat Population Community Ecosystem Niche Biome Biosphere


Habitat: Habitat


Population: Population


Community: Community


Ecosystem: Ecosystem


Other: Other Niche = Role of that organism Each organism has specific niche. No two organisms have same niche. Biome = abiotic + biotic factors + Climate Biosphere = all in the earth


Related Web site: Related Web site Biomes — Menus http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/index.html Biomes: World I — 12 biomes outlined http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/biome1.htm   Biomes: World II — 11 biomes hyperlinked http://www.runet.edu/~swoodwar/CLASSES/GEOG235/biomes/main.html


ExampleRocky shore: Example Rocky shore


Food chain: Food chain Producer 1st trophic Primary consumer 2nd trophic Secondary consumer 3rd trophic Tertiary consumer 4th trophic


Food Web: Food Web Food Chain


Number pyramids: Number pyramids Tree grass


Energy flow: Energy flow Sun Producer (green plant) 1st consumer (herbivores) 2nd consumer 3rd consumer Decomposers


Most energy lost: Most energy lost


Water cycle: Water cycle


Carbon cycle: Carbon cycle


Nitrogen cycle: Nitrogen cycle


Nitrogen fixing: Nitrogen fixing


Related Web site: Related Web site Cycles, Chains, Webs Biogeochemical Cycles — Carbon, nitrogen, water http://pc65.frontier.osrhe.edu/hs/science/bcycles.htm   Food Chains, Webs, Cycles http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/102/ecosystem.html#Energyflowthroughtheecosystem3   Food Pyramids http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/9o.html  


Interdependence of organisms: Interdependence of organisms Predation Competition Commensalism Mutualism Parasitism


Predation: Predation number Time prey predator


Competition: Competition number Time Competitor A Competitor B


Commensalism : Commensalism number Time Host Commensal


Mutualism : Mutualism number Time symbionts Symbionts


Parasitism : Parasitism number Time Host Parasite


Related Web site: Related Web site Competitive exclusion principle — Competition between species (Gauss) http://www.gypsymoth.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/PopEcol/lec11/inter.html   Preditor/Prey: Didinium, Paramecium http://www.hi.is/pub/haxi/ritgerdir/pop-ec.htm Symbiosis I — types and discussion http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm   Symbioses II — types and discussion http://www.baylorhealth.com/proceedings/13_3/13_3_dimijian.htm


Succession: Succession Ecological succession is process by which communities in the ecosystem change with time. For forest succession: Lichen community Algae and mosses Herbs Shrubs Trees


Lichen community: Lichen community


Algae and mosses: Algae and mosses


Herb community: Herb community


Shrubs community: Shrubs community


Tree (Climax): Tree (Climax)


Fire succession: Fire succession


Related Web site: Related Web site Succession: Ecological I — Well done! Info and illustrations http://library.thinkquest.org/17456/successionall.html   Succession: Ecological II — Forest Cycle http://www.connix.com/~harry/forest.htm