Presentation Transcript
Sustaining by diversifying: Sustaining by diversifying Legume-based technologies for Rice-Wheat production systems in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) Suresh Pande
Regional Project Coordinator
Crop Diversification Project: ICRISAT
The Issue and RWC: The Issue and RWC Continuous cereals cultivation apparently associated with:
Yield stagnation
Nutrient and water imbalance
Increased pest and disease incidence
Rationale of ICRISAT’s Involvement: Rationale of ICRISAT’s Involvement Inclusion of legumes make the cereal-dominated system more sustainable
Legumes enhance soil fertility
Can break insect-pest and disease cycles in cereals
Can diversify farm income
Add protein to complement cereals
Quarter-century expertise relating to important legumes: chickpea, pigeonpea and legumes.
Legume-based technologies for Rice and Wheat Production Systems: Legume-based technologies for Rice and Wheat Production Systems Objectives
Quantify the scope of legumes in RWCS
Develop technological options for overcoming major biotic and abiotic constraints
Evaluate improved technologies in farmers’ fields
Assess adoption and quantify the impact
Successful Technologies: Successful Technologies System characterization
Integrated soil, water and nutrient management (ISWNM)
Integrated pest, disease and nematode management (IPM)
Sustainable land-use systems
System Characterization: System Characterization GIS analysis of cropping systems
Legumes in rice and wheat cropping systems of the IGP: constraints and opportunities.
GIS application in cropping system analysis – case studies in Asia.
Soil and Water Management: Soil and Water Management Using GIS with WATBAL:
Soil water availability and length of growing season for IGP of India, Nepal and Bangladesh were mapped
Nutrient Management: Nutrient Management Following a nutrient model (NUTMOD), rationalize fertilizer use was established on cropping systems:
Bangladesh – rice-chickpea
India – mungbean-rice-wheat and pigeonpea-wheat
Nepal – mungbean-rice-wheat
Pakistan – mungbean-wheat
Chickpea flower drop: Chickpea flower drop Normal Deficient
Doubling yield with Boron : Doubling yield with Boron Boron deficiency a major yield constraint to chickpea and lentil in parts of IGP
One kg B per ha increased grain yield in chickpea by 42% to 92%
Technology is now ready for large scale application.
Integrated Pest Management Helicoverpa pod borer: Integrated Pest Management Helicoverpa pod borer Sowing in May of the extra-short duration genotype, ICPL 88039 – developed by ICRISAT and its partners – which generally escapes Helicoverpa damage
Judicious insecticide application
Why pigeonpea for RWS sustainability?: Why pigeonpea for RWS sustainability? Known to improve soil fertility
Grows largely rainfed.
Fixes its own nitrogen
Contributes organic matter in the form of senesced leaves, root residue, and releases P from fixed forms.
Its area is declining in the IGP because:
-Low yield vis-à-vis rice
-Greater risks
-Longer duration of cultivars available with farmers
ESD Pigeonpea - wheat rotation: ESD Pigeonpea - wheat rotation Extra-short-duration (ESD) genotypes have been developed that allow:
pigeonpea-wheat rotation.
ESD pigeonpea yield 3 t ha-1
Up to about 1 t ha-1 extra yield of wheat could be harvested when it followed ESD pigeonpea
ESD pigeonpea for cultivation in rotation with wheat: ESD pigeonpea for cultivation in rotation with wheat ICPL 88039 for cultivation in rotation with wheat
Wheat yield after rice, SD pigeonpea and ESD pigeonpea at Sonepat, Haryana (1997-99): Wheat yield after rice, SD pigeonpea and ESD pigeonpea at Sonepat, Haryana (1997-99)
IPM of Legumes (Chickpea): IPM of Legumes (Chickpea) The five Bs:
Boron deficiency
Botrytis gray mold (BGM)
Bhilt (Wilt)
Borer (Pod borer)
Bruchids (storage pests)
Blue Bull
Components of IPM of legumes (Chickpea): HPR : BGM tolerant variety (Avarodhi)
Agronomical: Improved cultural practices
Fungicides: Weather/Need-based application
Insecticides: Need-based application Components of IPM of legumes (Chickpea) IPM – A Success Story: Rehabilitation of chickpea in Nepal and Bangladesh
Slide20: Farmers Participatory IPM
Slide21: Farmers Participatory IPM
Slide22: Adoption and Impact of chickpea in Nepal
Integrated Pest Management: Integrated Pest Management
Sustainable Land Use System The Barind Success Story: Sustainable Land Use System The Barind Success Story Chickpea identified as a second crop on residual moisture
Low labour, low input technology
Farmers are now getting second crop where there was only one
Technique extended to Nepal
Sustainable Land Use System Seed Priming: Sustainable Land Use System Seed Priming In Barind, Bangladesh
Plant stand improved by 22%
Grain yield by 47%
Stover yield by 31%
Sustainable Land Use System Residual Effect: Sustainable Land Use System Residual Effect Long-term experiments conducted with PAU showed:
High nitrogen fixing chickpea line out-yielded its normal nodulating parent
A book on residual effects of legumes in rice-wheat cropping system of the IGP published.
Sustainable Land Use System Rice Straw Compost: Sustainable Land Use System Rice Straw Compost Application of 2 t/ha compost prepared from rice-straw (normally burnt by farmers) along with the recommended levels of fertilizers produced 4-9% greater yield of rice + wheat
Technology is ready for up-scaling
New Emerging Researchable Issues if any?: New Emerging Researchable Issues if any? Carry over of pests in system perspective
Define sustainability indicators of RWC
Scale-up of IPM in legumes in IGP
Scale-up of seed priming technology
Modelling to identify new cropping systems
In situ decomposition of crop residue
Conclusions: Conclusions Greater inclusion of legumes into RWCS of IGP, the crop diversification project efficiently links ICRISAT to RWC and partners
The project is pumping new life into the cereal-based systems and bring new hope to the people of IGP.
Slide30: Seeds for Next Crop
Slide31: Seed Preparation
Slide32: H
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Slide33: Thank you