Ripe Arin Apnic

IAB/IESGRecommendations on IPv6 Address Allocation: 

IAB/IESG Recommendations on IPv6 Address Allocation Bob Hinden at RIPE Sept. 2000 Brian Carpenter at ARIN Oct. 2000 Alain Durand at APNIC Oct. 2000

OVERVIEW: 

OVERVIEW Introduction Background Recommendation Address Space Conservation Multihoming Summary

INTRODUCTION: 

INTRODUCTION RIRs asked the IETF for comments on Provisional IPv6 Allocation Policy IPng working group discussed /48 issue in July 2000 IPv6 Directorate developed recommendation IAB & IESG Reviewed and Approved

PREVIOUS DISCUSSION: 

PREVIOUS DISCUSSION Discussion at Adelaide IETF Suggestion to allocate /56 prefixes instead of /48 for homes and small businesses Subsequent analysis shows significant advantage to uniform /48 allocations to all subscribers (homes, large and small enterprises)

BACKGROUND: 

BACKGROUND Address allocation is a balance Responsible allocation practices Easy access Allocation practices have significant effect on deployment and usage Important for the deployment of IPv6 to make allocations easy and not slow deployment

IPv6 UNICAST ADDRESS: 

FP TLA R NLA* SLA* INTERFACE ID 3 13 8 24 16 64 Public Topology Site Topology Interface Identifier IPv6 UNICAST ADDRESS

INITIAL ALLOCATIONS: 

INITIAL ALLOCATIONS Initial “slow start” allocations out of FP = 001 TLA = 0x0001 FP TLA Sub- R NLA SLA INTERFACE ID TLA 3 13 13 6 13 16 64

IPv6 RENUMBERING: 

IPv6 RENUMBERING Renumbering in IPv6 is considerably improved (from IPv4) However Not invisible, painless, or automatic Renumbering still not free

IPng W.G. RECOMMENDATION ON SITE PREFIX LENGTH: 

IPng W.G. RECOMMENDATION ON SITE PREFIX LENGTH Specified in RFC2374 & RFC2450 Subnetted sites should be allocated /48 prefix Allows 216 subnets Large enough for almost all sites Issue is size of prefix for smaller sites /64 for single subnet sites? Single hosts? Mobile phone? Temporary vs. permanent usage? How to judge usage?

IAB/IESG RECOMMENDATIONS: 

IAB/IESG RECOMMENDATIONS Recommend /48 fixed boundary for all subscribers (homes, large and small enterprises) Except Very large subscribers (receive multiple /48 allocations, e.g., a /47 or /46…) Transient nodes No interest in multiple subnets (receive /64) Consistent with responsible stewardship of the IPv6 Address space

JUSTIFICATION: 

JUSTIFICATION Fixed boundary guarantees change of ISP does not require restructuring of subnets Facilitates straightforward renumbering Compatible w/ all known IPv6 Multihoming proposals Allows easy growth of subscriber networks Eliminates need to go back to ISP for more addresses

JUSTIFICATION (2): 

JUSTIFICATION (2) Removes burden on ISPs and RIRs to judge customers’ need for space ISPs do not need to ask for details of customer networks ISPs and RIRs do not have to judge rates of customer address consumption Makes RIR operations more efficient Subscriber address space no longer scarce resource Removes incentive for IPv6/IPv6 NAT

JUSTIFICATION (3): 

JUSTIFICATION (3) Allows site to maintain single reverse-DNS zone covering all prefixes Same subnetting structure allows same zone file for all prefixes Using RFC2874, reverse mapping data can be used in “forward” (name-keyed) zone

FURTHER ADVANTAGES OF /48: 

FURTHER ADVANTAGES OF /48 Keeps open the possibility of GSE-like (a.k.a. “8+8”) separation of locators and identifiers IRTF Name Space Research Group is looking at this general area Maintains 1 to 1 mapping of subnets with Site local prefix (fec0::/48) Maintains 1 to 1 mapping of subnets with 6to4 proposal

CONVERVATION OF ADDRESS SPACE: 

CONVERVATION OF ADDRESS SPACE Does giving a /48 to all subscribers waste too much IPv6 address space? No, the IPv6 address space is very large Aggregatable Unicast Address format supports 45 variable bits 245 or 35 Trillion

ANALYSIS: 

ANALYSIS RFC1715 defines an “H” ratio based on address space assignment in various networks A 45 bit address space at an “H” ratio of .25 would support 178 Billion site prefixes H = log10 (178 * 109) / 45 = 0.25 (Note: Projected world population in 2050 is ~10 Billion*) Comparable to the “H” ratio of US Telephone numbers, France Telephone numbers, DECnetIV, or IPv4 addresses mid 1990s * http://www.popin.org/pop1998/

“H” ratio comparison : 

“H” ratio comparison

ANALYSIS (2): 

ANALYSIS (2) We are only discussing assignments from Aggregatable Global Unicast Format Prefix (001) 85% of remaining address space is unassigned If in the future our analysis proves to be wrong Our successors have option of imposing more restrictive allocation policies

MOBILE DEVICES: 

MOBILE DEVICES Vehicles, Cell Phones, etc. Allocation Static /64 prefix (allows multiple devices) Temporary /128 (Mobile IP “care-of address”)

DIAL UP: 

DIAL UP Subscriber with single dialup node who prefers a transient address Autoconfig a /128 out of a /64 prefix Home or small enterprise subscriber who wants static assignment or plans a multiple node network Receive /48 even if dialup

IPv6 MULTIHOMING: 

IPv6 MULTIHOMING IPv6 multihoming is work in progress IPv4 multihoming techniques can be applied One prefix advertised by multiple ISPs Routing table grows with number of multihomed subscribers IPng working group looking at other approaches

MULTIHOMING APPROACHES: 

MULTIHOMING APPROACHES IPv4 Style How to scale backbone routing? Host Mechanisms Site receives a prefix from each ISP Prefixes carried by site routing Nodes select addresses to use How to pick best Source and Destination addresses? Border Router Mechanisms Tunneling Route injection

MULTIHOMING FUTURES?: 

MULTIHOMING FUTURES? Other approaches? Better ideas?

SUMMARY: 

SUMMARY Careful stewardship of IPv6 address space is important Allocation of /48 prefixes has many advantages Allocation of /48 prefixes to all subscribers is consistent with careful stewardship Size of IPv6 address space supports this approach

Comments from the registries: 

Comments from the registries RIPE Recommendation accepted Discussion about size of initial ISP allocation ( / 35 ) ARIN Question about “H” Ratio analysis These slides augmented to clarify APNIC Recommendation accepted